This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12598 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee Page.

Analyzing and improving a few issues brought on by the current domestic processing of HMX production waste drug's is necessary. HMX production waste drug's thermal breakdown performance and thermal stability were examined in this experiment using adiabatic accelerated calorimetry (ARC), and its performance was enhanced by doping with Mg(BH₄)₂.The results show that the main thermal decomposition of HMX/RDX starts from 195 °C, and the whole reaction process is more complicated. The addition of 3% Mg(BH₄)₂ did not have much effect on the whole thermal decomposition process, but the addition of 5% Mg(BH₄)₂ could significantly prolong the duration of thermal decomposition and reduce the maximum temperature rise rate during thermal decomposition, and the calorific value was also significantly increased, which proved that the incorporation of Mg(BH₄)₂ could significantly improve the thermal decomposition performance of HMX/RDX. The kinetic calculation of HMX/RDX and the incorporation of 3% Mg (BH₄)₂ by the kinetic equation of the mechanism function method, respectively, the activation energy is 221.4 kJ/mol, 213.7 kJ/mol, and 230.6 kJ/mol, respectively.

High energy consumption, secondary pollution and frequent maintenance of equipment have greatly increased the cost of oil-water separation on ships, and the effective use of organic waste can solve similar problems well. The discarded tea leaves were ground into powder to make a solution, and the tea powder was uniformly coated on the PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane by vacuum filtration, and a tea powder-PVDF filter membrane with super hydrophilic-underwater oleophobicity was prepared. Using this membrane for emulsified oil separation experiments, the results show that the initial efficiency of tea powder-PVDF filter membrane separation of emulsified oil-water mixture is 99.6%, and after ten repeated experiments, it still maintains a high separation efficiency of 96.1%. Since the membrane is prepared by using waste without chemical reagents and the process is not complicated, it is a simple, green and low-cost method for preparing oil-water separation materials.

This paper studies clay minerals, the main component of flotation tailings, to improve the recovery and reuse of tailings produced by slime flotation, reduce the waste of resources, and boost economic efficiency. The clay is mainly made up of kaolinite. By performing a dynamic simulation of the surface adsorption of kaolinite, this paper studies the surface modification mechanism of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in an effort to improve its hydrophilicity and facilitate the separation of slime components. Molecular dynamics analysis is used for microscopic simulation. Dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (DTAB) is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt. By performing frontier orbital analysis using the Dmol3 module of molecular simulation software, it is concluded that DTAB⁺ forms the main active group, with the N-CH₃ side being positively charged and the kaolinite side (001) negatively charged. The adsorption properties of DTAB⁺ on the surface of kaolinite were studied by a 200 ps equilibrium analysis. The methyl hydrogen atom of kaolinite's polar group combined with the surface oxygen atom to form a C-H-O hydrogen bond in the non-polar carbon chain. Through the analysis of the concentration distribution and dispersion of chemicals in an aqueous solution, it is found that DTAB molecules can adhere to the surface of kaolinite without being affected by water molecules, indicating the role of kaolinite in preventing the dispersion of chemicals as a result of its electronegativity. Through dynamic analysis of the surface absorbability of kaolinite, the study provides a theoretical basis for the separation of clay components of flotation tailings

The CO₂ emission content of post-combustion flue gas cannot be ignored in the whole petroleum and natural gas industries chain. Membrane separation technology becomes a potential method of CO₂ capture because of its advantages of large flux, energy saving and low cost. Thin-Film Composite (TFC) membrane has attracted extensive attention due to its flexible structure and wide application range. Selecting the suitable layer as the core of the separation membrane is the key to obtain a high-performance TFC membrane which is suitable for practical application environment. In this review, we summarize the development trend of selective layer of TFC membrane for CO₂ capture and explore related synthesis methods and different materials. Finally, we highlight the outstanding challenges and opportunities for the future research in this field.

When nylon6 is used in some light-colored products or transparent products with strict color requirements, color quality is a very important evaluation index. In this paper, nylon6 samples with different stabilizer systems were prepared, the changes of Yellowness Index (YI) and △E of nylon6 samples were tested at different temperatures of 120℃, 150℃, 170℃ and 200℃, and the effects of different combinations of antioxidants and light stabilizers on yellowing of nylon6 samples after thermal oxidation were studied. The results showed that 508/H10/H4050, 508/H10/5591, and 508/626/H4050 had a good compound effect, while H136, thioantioxidant 412s and antioxidant had a bad compound effect.

In this paper, the chemical reaction of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PET4A) and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MB) was carried out under the initiation of azodiisobutyronitrile, in which the thiol-acrylate Michael addition and the free radical polymerization of PET4A coexisted, and the reactive high molecular weight antioxidant denoted as PET4A@MB was synthesized. Due to the consumption of peroxide radicals by MB and residual acrylate in PET4A@MB, the vulcanization rate of PET4A@MB/EPDM is slowed down, and the crosslinking density becomes lower. Due to the large steric hindrance of PET4A@MB, the internal friction of the motion of the rubber molecular chain is increased, besides, due to the hydrogen bond formed by PET4A@MB, the interaction of the rubber molecular chain is increased, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the rubber. Since PET4A@MB is bonded to the rubber molecular chain, the migration of antioxidants at high temperatures is reduced, thereby improving the thermo-oxidative stability of the rubber.

With the development of material science, plastics are widely used in a wide variety of industries. However, the overuse of plastic had caused problems. Due to its stable chemical property, plastic waste is very difficult to degrade and causes pollution. Many solutions have been carried out and be experimented. In this article, three updated technologies are introduced— biodegradation, microwave degradation, and zeolite degradation of plastic. We hope to give out a review and evaluation of these methods and help to inspire researchers of new thoughts of plastic degradation.

Polymeric micelles are block or grafted copolymers formed by both hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments. Although polymeric micelles have been one of the research hotspots for the past decades, most of the results reported focus on their application as drug delivery vehicles, which are utilized to cure diseases accurately without obvious side effects. Few researchers have explored other types of applications. Therefore, there has been lack of summarized information to present a thorough overview of this type of high technology. In this review, starting with the definition of polymeric micelles and information such as typical shapes and morphology, synthesize approaches such as block arrangement, changing pH and temperature, bond interactions will be introduced. In fact, there are multiple ways to synthesize different types of polymeric micelles. For potential applications, their use as intracellular hypersensitive nanoprobes will be discussed. If designed properly, they could detect various kinds of bio signals and interact with pernicious ions to eliminate their underlying threats. Photo-responsive polymeric micelles will also be illustrated, which has appealed to many scholars and enterprises. 5 types of photo-responsive polymeric micelles will be introduced, which exhibit various photo-responsive mechanisms and impact of light on different functional groups. In the end, the future prospect of polymeric micelle will be predicted. Possible applications and challenges remained will be mentioned. This review hopes to offer inspiration to researchers in order to enlarge the application scope of polymeric micelles.

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a widely used material whose flame retardancy is an important issue. To enhance its flame retardancy, synergists are often needed. In recent years, as a biomass material with high carbon content, lignin has attracted more attention used for environment-friendly bio-flame retardant. In this paper, the effects of Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) composed of alkali lignin (A-lig) and Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) to improve the flame retardant properties of HDPE were studied by Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL-94). The results showed that when the ratio of APP to A-lig was 3:1 and the addition amount of them was 30wt%, the LOI value of HDPE/IFR reached 23.8%, with no rating in UL-94 test. Then, the effect of Expanded Graphite (EG) on improving the above HDPE/IFR systems was studied. When the EG content was 8.3wt%, the LOI value reached 28.5%, with V-0 grade in UL-94 test. The results of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed that the flame retardant mechanism between EG and IFR was mainly based on physical interaction, which improved the density and barrier properties of the carbon layer.

Improving the resistance of the lining material of the flexible riser to CO₂ can effectively prevent the formation of an acidic environment and metal corrosion in the flexible riser annulus. However, it remains a challenge to improve the barrier performance while maintaining the original mechanical properties. Herein, we melt blended PVDF with PA6 in various proportions, characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transforms iInfrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and carried out tensile and permeability tests. The results show that the permeability coefficient of the PVDF/PA6 composite is lower than that of the primary PVDF. After blending with PA6, PVDF/15% PA6 elongation at break was only 19.3%, which was significantly lower than that of primary PVDF and PA6. PVDF/10% PA6 shows an 11.43% decrease in CO₂ permeability coefficient and a 20% decrease in elongation at break, which still meets the pipeline use.

The treatment of dye wastewater is a common concern all over the world and there are countless methods to deal with this problem. Biochar adsorption is popular for its convenience and efficiency, but the high price is a deterrent. Some renewable resources that are considered as waste, such as agricultural and forestry waste, marine waste, livestock manure and municipal wastewater, can compensate for this shortcoming. Photocatalytic degradation is an emerging approach to remove dyes with environmental friendliness. This paper provides an overview of the preparation of dye adsorbents from renewable resources and photocatalytic degradation. Hope to provide some new ideas for the relevant industries.

The imported polyethylene was analyzed by high temperature gel permeation chromatography, viscosity method, differential scanning calorimetry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The molecular weight and its distribution, shear viscosity, thermodynamic properties, catalyst residues of several Ziegler-Natta catalyzed and metallocene catalyzed polyethylene were analyzed. The results show that most non-metallocene catalyzed polyethylene can be distinguished by high temperature gel permeation chromatography. Differential scanning calorimetry combined with capillary viscometry can effectively identify whether the sample belongs to single-site catalytic metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene or multi-site catalytic metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene. Finally, the ratio of Ti/Zr in the catalyst residue can be used to determine whether the sample belongs to metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene.

In 2004, scientists in University of Manchester first stripped out a single layer of graphene with a thickness of only 0.35 nm. Graphene monolayer is a two-dimensional structure composed of hexagonal carbon rings. It is the thinnest, the strongest and the most conductive of the existing nano materials, known as the "black gold", "the king of new materials", and so on. Therefore, it has become a research hotspot in the field of materials science. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, graphene has great application prospects in new energy, desalination, hydrogen storage, biomedicine, aerospace, sensors, national defense and military fields. In this paper, the application of graphene in national defense is reviewed. It is believed that with the acceleration of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and military revolution in the world, graphene materials will be the first to open a breakthrough in the field of national defense and achieve greater development.

The photocatalytic membrane reactor simultaneously employed with Precoated Dyanmic Membranes (PDM) and Uncoated Flat Ceramic Membranes (UFCM) for humic acid removal were evaluated to enhance the membrane performances. The influences of TiO₂ concentrations and membrane fluxes on the Transmembrane Pressures (TMPs), membrane specific fluxes (MSFS) and removal rates of pollutants were carried out in details. The resistance distributions and chemical cleaning methods were investigated and compared. The results showed that the PDM showed higher HA and DOC rates than UFCM at different conditions. The highest DOC removal rates of PDM and UFCM were 81.2% and 77.5% at TiO₂ concentration of 0.6gꞏL^-1, respectively. The PDM showed better anti-fouling properties than UFCM due to its lower membrane fouling resistances, especially its small irreversible membrane resistances. The NaClO represented the best cleaning efficiency at pH 11, in which the pure water flux restore rates of PDM and UFCM can amount to 98.8% and 96.7%, respectively. The pure water flux restore rates reached over 95% for a new ceramic membrane repeatedly used 8eight times in PDM and four times in UFCM.

Recently, conducting polymers have grabbed increasing attention for enzyme mimicking due to their high conductivity and superior electron transfer ability. In this work, PEDOT-based nanoparticles were prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization of Hydroxymethyl-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-OH) monomer and hemin around the Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs). The as-constructed MNP@PEDOT-OH/Hemin nanoparticles can catalyze oxidation of OPD in the presence of H₂O₂, demonstrating an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity with improved catalytic efficiency and reusability. Moreover, it also showed decent removal efficiency for organic pollutants, indicating promising applications in wastewater treatment.

Slow-release polycarboxylic acid slump retaining agent (APC) was synthesized with isopentenyl polyoxyethylene polyether (TPEG), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), acrylic acid (AA) and BT intermediate as monomers, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as initiator, mercaptoethanol (BME) as chain transfer agent and BL as synthesis promoter. The structure of the polymer was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The effects of the amount of functional monomer, the ratio of ester to ether and the amount of chain transfer agent on the dispersion and dispersion retention of APC were studied by single factor experiments. The results showed that when the dosage of BME was 0.5g, the initial reaction temperature was 35℃, and the ester to ether ratio [n (COO-): n (TPEG)]=3.5, the dispersion and retention of APC were the best. Compared with the common polycarboxylic acid slump protection agent (PCE), the concrete of ACP has a good initial dispersion, a certain sustained release function, and a small collapse loss after three to about four hours.

Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells (DAFCs) are expected to be an effective alternative to hydrogen fuel cells due to the low cost and ease of storage and distribution of ammonia. However, current DAFC technology is greatly limited by the kinetically slow Ammonia Oxidation Reaction (AOR) at the anode. In this work, carbon-supported platinum-iridium catalysts were successfully synthesized. The platinum-iridium precursor was reduced on carbon by impregnation method. After loading PtIr cubes, the catalyst exhibited high AOR catalytic activity. The structure and composition of the catalysts were then characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy mass spectrometry. The results on Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) showed that the peak current of ammonia oxidation (216.6 mA/mg) of the as-prepared PtIr catalyst was 2.1 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst (66.3 mA/mg). The synthesized catalyst was assembled with an anion-exchange membrane to fabricate an alkaline DAFC, reaching a peak power density of 128 mW/cm².

The phase change heat storage technology with high temperature phase change heat storage materials as the heat storage medium is an efficient heat storage technology, which can play an important role in clean energy consumption, clean heating and so on. In this paper, the effects of several sintering additives on the microstructure angle of high temperature composite phase change heat storage materials were experimentally studied and characterized. The role of sintering additives such as lead, bismuth oxide and barium carbonate in the sintering process of composite phase change heat storage materials was analyzed by means of mechanical strength test and SEM. The results show that lead is conducive to the melting and surface wetting of magnesium oxide particles, and barium carbonate promotes the formation of sodium carbonate strip crystals to a certain extent, so as to improve the bonding strength of the material after sintering. Sodium silicate mainly plays the role of bonding, reducing the dispersion of components outside the pores and making the structure of the composite more complete.

Red mud is a kind of polluted waste residue discharged from extracting alumina in aluminum industry. If not handled properly, it will cause great harm to the ecological environment. The iron resource in red mud has the value of recycling, and it is a research hotspot at home and abroad. Iron extraction from red mud is the primary process of the red mud treatment process, and is the key to the subsequent treatment process of red mud. In this paper, taking the extraction of iron from Bayer red mud as the theme, several kinds of process methods for separation of iron, related research results at home and abroad and various process methods are introduced. This paper introduces the Bayer red mud iron extraction process and related equipment, which provides a certain research basis for the full quantitative treatment of red mud.

At present, Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been widely studied as antibacterial materials, but the research on the antibacterial properties of bimetal organic frameworks has not been carried out in depth. Cu-BTC was prepared by solvothermal method and modified with cobalt. The effect of different Co doping amounts on the antibacterial properties of Cu-BTC was investigated. Bimetallic Co/Cu-BTC with 7%, 14% and 21% metal molar ratios were prepared. The structural characteristics of the materials were determined by TG, FTIR, XRD, BET and the antibacterial properties of Cu-BTC and bimetallic Co/Cu-BTC were evaluated by measuring the bacteriostatic circles. The results show that the specific surface area and pore volume show a decreasing trend with the increase of Co doping amount, which confirms that the pore size of Co/Cu-BTC can be regulated by changing the Co loading amount. Co/Cu-BTC has antibacterial activity, and its performance is stronger than that of Cu-BTC. The introduction of bimetallic central elements into metal-organic framework materials can enhance the redox properties of the materials, thereby generating more reactive oxygen species and significantly enhancing the antibacterial effect of the materials. Among the tested samples, 7Co/Cu-BTC has the best antibacterial effect. Bimetallic organic frameworks will have good application potential in the field of antibacterial.

The development of oil and gas resources requires a well understanding of the microscopic flow mechanisms of oil-water two-phase within porous media of reservoirs as theoretical support. The roughness of particle walls in porous media is an important factor affecting the oil-water immiscible displacement process at the pore scale. In this study, a series of geometric models of two-dimensional (2D) homogeneous porous media with different roughness particles were established, and then the pore-scale water flooding process is simulated using the microscopic two-phase flow model based on the Navier-Stokes equation and the Phase Field (PF) method. Numerical results show that the viscous fingering is more likely to occur with the increase in roughness of the particle wall, the increase of particle roughness shortens the water breakthrough time (TB), and the increase of capillary number weakens this difference of TB caused by particle roughness. This study preliminarily reveals the influence of porous media roughness on oil-water two-phase displacement, which provides theoretical support for further understanding of the flow behaviors in the process of Enhancing Oil Recovery (EOR) for the water-drive oil reservoirs.

Four kinds of MOFs materials were prepared by microwave hydrothermal method, which were applied to simulate low-temperature SCR technology to treat high-concentration NOx, and MIL-53 materials were screened out. It is subjected to double modification of ligand modification and element (such as Zr) doping modification. The results show that the MIL-53 material doped with 10% Zr element after amino modification, when the reaction temperature is 200℃, the initial concentration of flue gas is 800-1900mg/m³, and the ratio of ammonia to nitrogen is 1:1. The denitration efficiency is relatively stable at 75%-85%, which is 40% higher than that of the unmodified material. The removal efficiency of NO₂ can reach up to 90%. The characterization results show that the doping modification can increase the number of coordination bonds, increase the proportion of chemically adsorbed oxygen, enhance the redox ability, and improve the adsorption and catalysis. Compared with traditional materials, it has better resistance to CO₂ interference and continuous use.

Black Phosphorus (BP) is a single-element two-dimensional (2D) layered material, similar to graphene, where the atomic layers are stacked together by van der Waals interactions. BP has the advantages of high carrier mobility, tunable bandgap, large theoretical specific volume ratio, and good mechanical properties. It has bright application prospects in optoelectronic devices, energy storage, sensing, lubrication, and other fields. Based on a large number of papers, the structure properties, preparation methods, tribological properties, and lubrication mechanism of graphene-like layered BP are reviewed. The research trend of BP as a lubricating material are summarized and prospected: (1) Reduce production costs and further increase production, (2) research and development of diverse structures of nano BP, (3) improve stability, and (4) functional research.

Ternary materials have the characteristics of high electrochemical capacity, good cycle performance, easy synthesis, low cost, and good safety. In recent years, they have gradually replaced some lithium cobalt oxides and entered the market of cathode materials for small lithium batteries. In this paper, the α-MnO₂ precursor was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using manganese sulfate monohydrate and sodium persulfate, and the obtained materials were then used to synthesize ternary composites by carbothermal reduction. The effects of ternary composites at different reaction temperatures and different sintering atmospheres were investigated to arrive at the optimal conditions for the preparation of the desired ternary composites. The obtained ternary composites were also subjected to physical characterization of morphology, electrical testing of impedance, cycling, and multiplier performance of lithium-ion batteries. It was found that the ternary composite samples roasted under an oxidizing atmosphere at a reaction temperature of 850 ℃ had uniform size and good dispersion, and their electrochemical properties were good.

Graphene is the thinnest carbon nanomaterial and the basic unit of other carbon materials. It has been widely used in textiles. At the same time, various testing methods of graphene textiles have been extensively studied. This paper summarizes the preparation methods of graphene and graphene textiles, expounds the principle that textiles are endowed with various functionalities by graphene's unique physical structure, and realizes the research significance of graphene in functional textiles, intelligent textiles and industrial textiles (polymer cornerstone graphene). The preparation methods of graphene textiles are mainly divided into the preparation methods of graphene fibers and graphene fabrics. Through the analysis of various testing standards and research, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy are mainly used in qualitative analysis of graphene materials in textiles, element analysis and thermogravimetric analysis are mainly used in quantitative analysis of graphene materials in textiles. All the above testing methods have certain limitations. Graphene textiles are developing rapidly and have great research potential. Effective testing methods are urgently needed.

1,4-Diketopyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrroles (DPP) derivatives have excellent charge transfer properties and are great research objects of single-molecule devices. By introducing different kinds and numbers of five-membered aromatic rings between the DPP core and pyridine anchoring group, we investigate the effects of heteroatom substitution and molecular conjugation length on the electrical transport properties of single-molecule junctions. According to ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetry curves, thiophene connected DPP (named DPPS) has a narrower HOMO-LUMO energy gap than furan connected DPP (named DPPO), resulting in an improved single-molecule conductance for DPPS. Furthermore, we introduce two thiophene units close to the pyridine anchoring groups to extend the conjugation lengths of DPPS and DPPO (named DPPSS and DPPOS respectively). Similarly, DPPSS with a smaller band gap shows a higher conductance than DPPOS. In addition, the lower conductance of DPPSS and DPPOS compared to their respective counterparts DPPS and DPPO can be attributed to the increased molecular length after introducing two thiophene units.

During the industrial aluminium refining process, harmful solid waste - Spent Carbon Anode (SCA) is generated due to oxidation and slag loss on the surface of the anode carbon, erosion and scouring of the electrolyte solution and aluminum liquid. Therefore, this study uses a simple and clean flotation method to separate and purify the electrolyte from SCA using one-roughing and three-sweeping flotation process based on the characteristics of SCA. By means of analytical characterization, a high purity and recovered electrolyte is obtained, which can be returned to the electrolytic aluminum plant for secondary use. The harmless treatment and resource utilization of SCA is achieved, and the utilization rate of SCA is improved, which achieves the purpose of treating waste with waste.

There are the advantages of flame retardant, filling, smoke suppression, non-corrosion processing equipment for environmental flame retardant magnesium hydroxide, so it is widely used in engineering plastics, rubber and other materials. The dispersibility and compatibility of magnesium hydroxide in polymer materials are poor. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surface of magnesium hydroxide. Taking MgCl2 and NaOH as raw material and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9(AEO-9)/ Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) as composite modifier, modified magnesium hydroxide was prepared by direct precipitation method. The modification results were characterized by oil absorption value, activation index, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and other methods. When modification time is three hours and modifier dosage is 4.0g/mL, the modification effect of Mg(OH)₂ prepared by the AEO-9/SDS treatment process is the best. It was shown that the composite modifier only acted on the surface of Magnesium Hydroxide (MH) powder and did not change its crystal structure, and its surface was changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and the dispersibility and thermal stability were significantly improved compared with unmodified magnesium hydroxide. The Mg(OH)₂ before and after the modification were applied to Polyamide 66 (PA66) to test its flame retardant and mechanical properties. The results show the modified Mg(OH)₂ has good compatibility with PA66.

With the development of integrated circuits, the development of silicon as a traditional material has been physically limited, but it still has a strong momentum, while two-dimensional material as a new material has been widely studied by scholars. This article starts from the silicon integrated circuit current situation and challenges, through the limit of short channel effect led to new two-dimensional materials respectively to analyze the characteristics of graphene and molybdenum disulfide, discusses their superior to silicon, what challenges they still have to overcome, and to summarize the possibility of two-dimensional material to replace silicon.

With the implementation of China's renewable energy power consumption responsibility weight policy, it is urgent to study how to effectively implement consumption responsibility weight under the minimum cost of purchasing electricity. Firstly, this paper analyses the influence mechanism of consumption responsibility weight on electricity purchase of power sales companies, then analyses the monthly electricity purchase strategy of power sales companies under consumption responsibility weight, and then puts forward the optimal decision-making model of monthly electricity purchase of power sales companies considering consumption responsibility weight. Finally, the model proposed in this paper is verified by relevant examples. The results show that the monthly electricity purchase optimization model proposed in this paper can improve the order of implementation and reduce the cost of electricity purchase for the electricity sales companies to complete the weight assessment of renewable energy consumption responsibility.

OPV material is cheap, and it has excellent electrical and optical properties. Since solar energy has not been used very commonly nowadays, this research decided to put the application of OPV materials on cars’ windows. This research decides to use this material on some practical products to make it closer to people’s lives. The study is going to put the OPV materials between explosion-proof film and the window. This article is trying to put OPV materials on vehicles’ windows, turning solar energy into electricity. Currently, there are six normal methods to produce OPV material, roll-to-roll process, redox method, oriented accretion method, SIC epitaxy, Hummer's method, vapor deposition. This article also mentions an unusual method to produce OPV material that can be put on the windows and apply materials on the windows. However, the OPV material can now be affected by whether or some other factors and low conversion. But after improving light absorption and manufacturing methods of producing OPV, the conversion can be increased, and the solar energy can be used on more products.

Conjugated polymers have been widely studied due to their unique conductivity. This article explains the chemistry behind how conjugated polymers conduct electricity, providing detailed explanations of how alternating π bonds in conjugated polymers enable electrons to delocalize, thus their conductivity. This article also focuses on the concept of band theory in conjugated polymers along with their quantum mechanical basis of molecular orbitals, involving different approaches that could be used to tune the band gap size in conjugated polymers. The development of conjugated polymers has brought innovations for future technologies such as OLED displays due to the photo-luminescent properties of certain conjugated polymers; conductive polymers have also been used for making organic photovoltaics to generate electricity using Sunlight. This article concludes with the advantages and limitations of both OLED displays and OPVs in light of these applications. For example, OLED displays have lower power consumption, higher resolutions, and lighter weight. While OPVs can supply consistent, clean energy and are cost-effective. A common limitation for both OPVs and OLEDs is that they have a short lifetime. This article aims to provide a summary of the basics behind OLEDs and OPVs, along with their possible future influences and research directions.

As the development of Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) has expanded these years, certain progress is made by researchers. In this article, we will briefly discuss the development and working theories of organic photovoltaic, focuses on an overview of the operating mechanisms, merits and demerits and common materials of the three different types of OPV, which are Schottky organic cells, heterojunction organic cells and dye-sensitized cells. Additionally, analyzing the difference between indoor and outdoor OPV applications and their future prospects. This article sorted the main classifications of OPV and may provide insight for the future study of this field.

Fossil energy has been continuously consumed with the development of industry in recent years. As is known to all, the fuels are not only the products of fossil energy, but also additional products other than fuels, such as plastics, lubricants, asphalt, etc. However, the substitution of additional products is still in the early stage of development. This paper lists three typical renewable materials and further discusses their process from extraction to application. In this paper, we will discuss the calcium lactate crystallization acidolysis extraction method, direct polycondensation method and lactide ring opening polymerization method of PLA, its processing methods, such as injection molding, extrusion molding, etc., and its application fields, such as health and medicine, agriculture, industry, textile industry, etc.; Hot water bath extraction of cellulose and its applications, such as CNF, CNC, PCP, etc.; compression extraction of polyurethane, acid oxidation and epoxidation synthesis of unsaturated vegetable oil, and their applications, such as electronic devices, adhesives, etc. In the future, more researchers will pay attention to this field, and more similar materials will replace fossil products to achieve the ecological balance of the earth. The research significance of this paper is to help beginners of materials science to preliminarily understand some popular renewable materials today, summarizing their possible development direction and put forward the use scheme in the future.

In view of the open interconnection and user-centered characteristics of the energy internet, the related coordinated operation and control problems have become one of the bottlenecks limiting its scale and integration depth. The regional energy internet needs to co-process a variety of energy sources, and its energy storage modes are also different. The traditional energy storage optimization method is not effective, resulting in a high cost of energy storage investment, and the energy storage capacity has not been optimized and improved. Therefore, this paper considers the needs of users to optimize the regional energy Internet energy storage. Based on the energy demand of users, the load degree of regional energy Internet is predicted. The energy hub of regional energy Internet is established to realize the multi-energy coordination, and the capacity of the multi-energy storage system is optimized to meet the energy demand of users. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional method, the energy storage investment cost of this research method is reduced by one, 194, 400 yuan, and the energy storage capacity is increased by 8.54 MWh, which can obtain a better system operation effect in the same experimental area.

Wind turbines are more prone to faults due to long operation in harsh environments. It is necessary to implement fault diagnosis for wind turbines to ensure the stability and reliability of the circuit system safety as well as to reduce the probability of faults. In this paper, a fault detection method based on Wavelet Leaders (WL) and limit learning machine is proposed to achieve fault prediction for fault-prone bearings. The WL algorithm is first applied to analyze the multiple fractality of several different states of faulty bearings, select the stable fault parameter features for extraction and finally use the ELM classification tool to achieve the classification of faults. The experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves fault classification detection and provides a new idea for faulty bearing detection.

Due to the harsh environment in which wind turbines work for long periods of time, the internal drive train is prone to fatigue failure. Rolling bearings are an important component within wind turbines, so it is essential to implement condition detection and fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. This paper proposes a fault signal feature extraction method based on VMD and Tsallis entropy. Firstly, the bearing signals of four different states are decomposed using VMD decomposition, and the IMF components generated after the decomposition are quantitatively characterized using Tsallis entropy, and the features with stability and differentiation are selected to form the feature vector of the fault and input to a support vector machine for classification. The experimental results show that the proposed method can distinguish different fault bearing signals and has some improvement in classification effect compared with KNN, fine tree and intermediate tree classifiers. The proposed method presents a new idea for the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings in wind turbines.

With the advent of the era of data economy, the digitization process in the energy field is accelerating, and the energy big data ecosystem is gradually constructed. As the core enterprise of the energy ecological system, power grid companies are crucial to the development of the energy big data ecosystem. The contribution evaluation index system of power grid companies in the energy big data ecosystem is constructed from three dimensions basic ability, input resource level, and innovation diffusion ability. The contribution evaluation model of power grid companies in the energy big data ecosystem is proposed based on the entropy weight-priority relationship, and the contribution of power grid companies in the cultivation of the energy big data ecosystem is comprehensively evaluated. Taking a power grid company in China as an example, the rationality and effectiveness of this method are verified.

Pumped storage power station has the characteristics of fast and flexible start-up and shutdown and has a unique and good effect of peak cutting and valley filling. However, with the promotion of power spot market, the utilization rate of pumped storage power station is low, the market income cannot be locked, and the pumping storage power station is difficult to maintain economic operation. The independent decision operation of pumping storage power plants is an inevitable trend. At present, the research on the decision scheme of pumping storage power plants participating in the electric power spot market fails to analyze the mutual influence of each main body of the market when making decisions and the variability of the market environment, and the results are local optimal solutions focusing on some factors. In this paper, a pre-training model of pumping storage unit bidding strategy based on intelligent agent is proposed to simulate the bidding behavior of pumped storage unit participating in electric quantity spot market, and an intelligent strategy scheme suitable for many typical scenarios is obtained, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an example.

In order to effectively play the role of "ballast stone" of medium- and long-term electric power transaction, it is particularly important to optimize the combination of medium- and long-term electric power units. Large scale complex constraints medium- and long-term unit combination is a large-scale mixed integer programming problem in essence. In this paper, a model dimension reduction technique is proposed to solve the long-term unit combination optimization problem of large-scale power grid. The core idea of model dimension reduction is to identify invalid shaping variables and network constraints, merge adjacent time periods, reduce the feasible region, and obtain a more compact and effective optimization space. Through simple calculation before time-consuming large-scale optimization calculation, the optimization neighborhood that the optimal feasible solution may exist is determined in advance, and the optimization range of mixed integer programming is reduced. Then, efficient and mature mathematical optimization software package is called in the reduced optimization space to achieve efficient and optimal solution.

With the promotion of energy internet, the development of integrated energy system and the emergence of various energy storage modes, the establishment of the operation mode of integrated energy station with multiple energy storage modes of electricity, gas, cooling, and heating can improve the utilization rate of distributed new energy. Based on the infrastructure and model of regional integrated energy system, this paper studied the collaborative optimal allocation of electricity storage, electricity to gas (P2G) technology, cooling storage and heating storage under the multi energy complementary coupling operation of CCHP units. And a multi energy storage and low-carbon economic optimal allocation model of regional integrated energy system was put forward. Finally, the benefits of energy storage equipment in regional integrated energy system were quantitatively analyzed through economic indicators and carbon emission indicators. The example results showed that the regional integrated energy system with four energy storage modes of electricity, gas, cooling and heating can absorb more distributed wind and solar new energy, improve economic benefits and reduce carbon emissions.

In view of the high cost of integrated energy dispatching in the power grid, which affects the economic benefits of power enterprises, an optimization method of integrated energy dispatching in the power grid based on multivariate big data is designed. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, extract integrated data characteristics of power grid dispatching, and integrate power grid energy dispatching data; secondly, process the power grid energy dispatching data by using multiple big data, and reduce a dispatching convergence error; and finally, construct a power grid integrated energy dispatching optimization model, improve the net profit of power grid dispatching, and further realize the optimal dispatching of the demand of a supply side and a demand side of a power grid. By the way of comparative experiments, it is verified that the net profit of this method is higher. The economic benefit is higher, and it can be applied to real life.

Due to the volatility of the output of wind farms, the large-scale integration of wind power into the power grid will greatly increase the difficulty of power generation planning in the power system. This brings great challenges to the scheduling and operation of the power system. The accurate prediction of wind power can effectively relieve the pressure of peak regulation and frequency regulation of the power system and improve the wind power consumption capacity. Therefore, this paper improves on the transformer and proposes a new multi-scale wind power time series forecasting method. First of all, this paper adopts the network structure of transformer to forecast the time series of wind power. Second, we adapt the output of multiple scales by making improvements to the transformer model. Finally, through simulation experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed improved transformer model for multi-scale wind power time series prediction is verified.

Machine learning based performance assessment of wind turbines using the widely available SCADA data has been receiving growing interest. This work proposes a pragmatic health evaluation approach of wind turbines based on output power modelling. For that, random forests regression models to predict output power are trained respectively by ‘normal’ and ‘under-performance’ samples. The trained two models are used to predict output power of testing data. By comparing the absolute values of the residuals of testing data, the working state is identified at each time point. A health index, which is based on the percentiles of ‘normal’ samples in a defined period, is introduced to evaluate the health condition of the wind turbine. The degradation of the HI can give an early warning of the wind turbine. The proposed approach successfully give an early warning for the potential fault around 6 hours prior the traditional SCADA system.

With the increasing scale of long-distance DC transmission, new energy off grid accidents caused by DC faults occurs frequently. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system, it is necessary to analyze the key factors leading to the disconnection of new energy. Therefore, firstly, the mechanism of transient overvoltage of new energy units caused by DC fault is analyzed. Then the restraining effect of reactive power equipment, electrical distance and other factors on transient overvoltage is simulated and analyzed, and the short-circuit ratio index to maintain the stable operation of the system is quantitatively analyzed according to the disconnection of new energy. Finally, based on the analysis results, the strategy of restraining new energy off grid is proposed, and verified by a planned DC transmission system. The results show that the transient voltage rise can be suppressed by increasing the short-circuit capacity. According to the electrical distance between the new energy station and the converter station, reasonably formulating the short-circuit ratio index can assist the power grid planning and prevent the new energy off grid.

As the second largest fuel in the world and an important resource in China, the stability of coal supply and demand plays an important role in social development and stability, and the coal price is not only the embodiment of supply and demand, but also the embodiment of the stability of coal market. In this paper, the coal price index in China's coastal areas is taken as the research object, and based on ARCH and GARCH models, value-at-risk is used to quantify and warn the coal price risks. On the basis of expounding coal price forecasting model and risk assessment method, calculation and analysis of an example are carried out. The results show ARCH and GARCH models can effectively quantify the coal price risk and provide early warning information for relevant departments, so that relevant departments can take measures to deal with it.

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is highly random and volatile, especially in microgrid power systems where this volatility has a great impact on their safe and stable operation. Meanwhile, considering the problems of traditional photovoltaics power prediction methods in terms of incomplete analysis of influencing factors and uncertainty of point prediction errors, this paper proposes a PV power interval prediction model by combing Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. Firstly, the PV historical data are preprocessed based on the k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) algorithm; XGBoost is used to analyze the PV power influencing factors and extract the PV power sample features; then, EEMD is used to decompose the historical power series into a series of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) and residual components, and the components having strong correlation with the original power series are filtered by the Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) and fed into the LSTM model; the prediction results of each component are superposed to obtain the PV power prediction results; finally, the distribution interval of the predicted power in the known confidence interval is figured out with by fitting t-distribution based on the prediction results. For the model, the photovoltaic power generation data of an actual park in 2018 was taken as the sample to compare with conventional prediction models, such as Random Forest (RF), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The experimental results show that the model is better than conventional prediction models in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R2), and other indicators, and can give the range of PV predicted power with higher prediction accuracy and adaptability, which can meet the demand of short-term prediction of PV power in microgrids and provide strong data support for the stable operation of microgrid power systems.

For traditional accumulator test bench energy consumption, high single pump drive load, test stability, the degree of automation is not high, human-computer interaction is not friendly, designed the double accumulator alternately discharging energy to recover energy accumulator test bench, using plunger motor, pump and energy storage accumulator jointly drive method, reduce the single pump load, improve the test stability, and based on the LabVIEW developed a visual interface, realize data collection, processing and graphics preservation function.

In view of the problem that the existing distribution network energy storage location and capacity planning method is easy to cause the distribution network load risk coefficient to be too high, this paper carries out the research on the distribution network energy storage location and capacity planning method based on the improved gray wolf algorithm. The improved gray wolf algorithm is used to establish the planning objective function; the uncertain scenario of distribution network planning is considered, and the constraints of energy storage location and capacity planning are set. The scenario analysis is used to solve the location and capacity of energy storage. By comparing the proposed planning method with the heuristic-based planning method, it is concluded that the load risk coefficient is significantly reduced after the proposed planning method is used to complete the energy storage location and capacity planning of the distribution network, which is superior to the comparison method and promotes the safety and stability of distribution network operation.

In order to improve the reliability and flexibility of energy storage in microgrid, an adaptive hierarchical control strategy considering energy storage SOC was proposed. Firstly, the operation state of energy storage was controlled by the sequence of battery voltage, bus voltage and energy storage SOC. Secondly, the State Of Charge (SOC) of energy storage was graded and the improved droop coefficient with continuous different changing trends was set. Then, the Microgrid Interconnect Converter (MIC) adopted the outer loop normalized power sharing control and the feed-forward inner loop current control. Finally, the AC-DC hybrid microgrid simulation model of fan, photovoltaic, energy storage and load were established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The results showed that the proposed strategy can ensure the stability of frequency and voltage of the system when dealing with the changes of external environment.

In order to solve the problem of pressure relief and anti-scouring faced by the empty wide coal pillar in the 21105 works of Hulusu Coal Mine, the ultra-high pressure hydraulic cutting seam pressure relief and anti-scouring technology was proposed, the principle of cutting pressure relief and anti-scouring was expounded, and the KFSL100-113 type water jet crawler was determined to be used. A coal seam slotting device was used to investigate the effect of slotting pressure relief. The research determines that the optimal kerf drilling depth is 25m, the kerf radius is 1.3m, the kerf pressure relief drilling spacing is 3m, the kerf pressure is 85MPa, and the single-knife kerf time is 7-10min. The industrial application of pressure relief in the open-space wide coal pillar cutting slot was carried out, and the stress and microseismic monitoring methods were used to investigate the pressure relief effect in the slot area. The stress at the base point is 19.61% and 18.77% lower than that in the area where no measures have been taken, respectively; although the number of microseisms has increased in the hydraulic kerf pressure relief area, the large-energy events have decreased significantly; the daily average energy in the kerf borehole pressure relief area is larger. The borehole pressure relief area is reduced by 45.4%, the daily total energy is reduced by 44%, and the daily maximum energy is reduced by 51%. Ultra-high pressure hydraulic cutting can effectively reduce the stress concentration of the coal pillar and reduce the risk of coal pillar impact.

Wind power project construction is complicated, which makes the actual situation and preliminary feasibility study report have a certain gap. Therefore, it is necessary to collect actual data and conduct a comprehensive post-evaluation of the project. In this paper, the technical and economic post-evaluation of the A wind power project was studied by using the success degree method. Then, this paper compared the results of post-evaluation with feasibility study report and put forward some improvement suggestions for the project. In general, this paper provides a complete reference research framework for the technical and economic post-evaluation of wind power projects.

Under the background of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" and the comprehensive marketization of gas-fired power units, provincial energy and power security is facing a new situation. The corresponding supporting mechanisms and rules are immature, resulting in a large number of risk factors. Therefore, in order to ensure the security of provincial energy and power, the research and monitoring of risk factors are essential. This paper starts from the upstream, midstream and downstream links of the energy and power industry chain and analyzes the risk factors of energy and power security in terms of energy supply, energy utilization, unit operation, environmental impact, power system operation, and electricity market. Then, according to different risk sources, a dynamic risk early warning system suitable for provincial energy and power security is designed to monitor the security risks of the entire energy and power supply chain. In addition, combined with matter-element extension theory and cloud model, an extension cloud model suitable for energy and power security risk early warning is designed, from which the risk early warning level of provincial energy and power security can be obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the above method for reflecting the risk situation of provincial energy and power security is demonstrated by arithmetic examples.

At present, due to the serious environmental pollution in China, the planning of multi-energy system is becoming more and more urgent. To meet people's demand for energy planning of a multi-energy system, this paper proposes a method of source-network storage-load coordination of the multi-energy system based on regional planning. By taking the planning cost as the objective function, a three-level multi-energy systems collaborative planning model is constructed to achieve the optimal planning and allocation of energy. Taking the conventional multi-energy system source-network load storage coordination method as the contrast object, the feasibility of the proposed method is proved by the comparative experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the frequency fluctuation caused by the uncertainty of the source load, and effectively control the frequency fluctuation, which has a positive significance for improving energy efficiency.

With the rapid development of the new round of electric power system reform, we are faced with the double opportunities of rapid development of renewable energy production and the construction of electric power market. The traditional renewable energy consumption pattern can no longer meet the new development situation. It is an inevitable trend for renewable energy to participate in power market transactions. Real-time market prices of the spot electricity market is unstable, and medium and long-term trading will play a key role in stabilizing market prices. Based on the analysis of China's existing medium and long-term with load curve trading schemes, this paper points out the key problems of renewable energy trading with load curve. According to the characteristics of Xinjiang power grid, a new trading model of renewable energy with load curve is proposed, which is suitable for Xinjiang. This method is expected to provide decision-making reference for the follow-up construction of power spot market and ancillary service market.

In order to analyze the influence of various parameters on the carbon dioxide storage fracturing process, a reservoir geological model was established with a low permeability reservoir in the Ordos Basin, and numerical simulation of production and pressure history matching was performed to accurately establish the geological model, the influence of injection displacement, fracture half-length and spacing, and fracture conductivity of different fracturing processes on the fracturing effect is analyzed. Through the simulation and optimization of fracturing process parameters, the recommended injection volume is 140t and the injection speed is controlled between 35-40 tꞏd^-1, which can obtain the best fracturing effect under the premise of economy.

Under the background of 30.60 double carbon target, the development space and market prospect of energy-saving and emission reduction electric vehicles are generally optimistic. Interacting with the grid through the V2G energy storage cluster for electric vehicles can further promote carbon emission reduction in response to the consumption of renewable energy. Firstly, combined with the historical data of electric vehicle ownership in Beijing from 2016 to 2021, this paper uses Bass model to predict the electric vehicle ownership in Beijing from 2022 to 2030. Secondly, it puts forward the calculation method of carbon emission reduction under non aggregation operation and aggregation operation mode and explains the steps of signing agency contract between load aggregator and electric vehicle load resource operator. Finally, a multi-objective optimization model considering the minimization of aggregate user response compensation cost and the minimization of carbon emissions of electric vehicles is constructed, and the carbon emission reduction benefits of V2G energy storage clusters of electric vehicles are analyzed.

By comparing with traditional energy heating, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy combined with air source heat pump heating. Using TRNSYS software to simulate solar heating, air source heat pump heating and composite energy heating, this paper analyzes the economic and social benefits of solar combined air source heat pump heating system, such as economy, energy conservation, environmental protection and so on.

Photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacity is challenged when PV access to distribution network on a large scale. Under different operation modes, PV hosting capacity is different. In this paper, the historical data of PV and load are analyzed, and the typical operation mode is extracted by k-means clustering method. Then Monte Carlo sampling method is used to extract different PV configuration scenarios. The PV hosting capacity under different operation modes is analyzed through forward and back generation power flow calculation.

Green construction is an engineering activity that embodies the concept of sustainable development in the process of engineering construction. Through scientific management and technological progress, it saves resources and protects the environment to the maximum extent, realizes the requirements of green construction, and produces green building products. Promoting the green construction of power transmission and transformation projects is an inevitable requirement based on the new development stage and implementing the new development concept and is an important measure to help achieve the goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality". As an important part of the power transmission and transformation project, the green design of the substation is carried out according to the three stages of feasibility study, preliminary design and construction design. Three-dimensional digital design of the power transmission and transformation project can optimize the green design process and realize the inter-professional and data exchange and information sharing in design, production and construction, optimize substation layout and structural material selection, maximize resource and energy conservation, improve economic benefits, and promote the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly power grid.

This article this article is committed to achieving the goal of maximizing the value of the new energy enterprises in the spot market by taking the pain points of new energy enterprises in the spot market as the entry point and through the key research on the key technology integration of the classified and time-sharing new energy power prediction optimization, the spot transaction intelligent auxiliary decision-making system of the new energy enterprises based on the spot market, and the experience sharing during the practice process.

Now many cities and towns have a lot of large shopping malls, shopping malls have a large flow of people, fire prevention and air have high requirements. Not only should there be a good ventilation system to ensure a comfortable environment, but also to consider the needs of fire exhaust and smoke. At present, large and medium-sized shopping malls and underground parking lots are all equipped with blast and air supply systems, which not only bring people a comfortable shopping and leisure environment, but also consume a lot of electricity and energy. The use of PLC control technology and variable-frequency drive speed regulation technology, the transformation of the traditional shopping mall exhaust system, according to the flow of people in the shopping mall to adjust the speed of the wind unit, to achieve multi-stage speed regulation, and can realize the conversion of power frequency switch, and can significantly reduce the consumption of electric energy, to achieve the effect of energy saving.

Power transformer is the main noise source of substation. In order to reduce the noise of transformer, this paper presents a double layer sound insulation wall structure of transformer tank. The sound insulation performance test of the sample based on the double wall panel structure is completed. Through the measured data and numerical simulation, the results show that the double-layer sound insulation panel has better sound insulation effect. When the air inside the sandwich space is pumped, the sound insulation volume is not significantly improved due to the deformation factor. The feasibility of this method is verified by experiments, which provides technical reference and experimental basis for noise control of oil-immersed transformer.

To improve the robustness of the input voltage and load perturbations of the Boost PFC converter, a synergetic control strategy based on a ultra-local model is proposed. The ultra-local model of the Boost PFC converter is established, the load perturbation is estimated by an algebraic parameter identification technique, and the estimated value of the perturbation is forced to reach the flow surface under the constraint of the convergence time constant by the dynamic evolution law. In addition, macro variables are designed for the system to construct a synergetic control strategy based on an ultra-local model to achieve converter power factor correction while improving the output voltage dynamic response performance. Through the simulation comparison study with the dual PI control, the proposed scheme has better dynamic performance and stronger robustness, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme.

On the basis of fully considering the monitoring needs of the demand response process, combined with the basis of electric energy data acquisition and industrial load characteristics, this paper proposes a demand response baseline demand suitable for process monitoring, establishes an improved demand response baseline load model, and analyzes an example. Specifically, based on the analysis and comparison of the existing baseline load algorithms, a baseline load algorithm for process monitoring is proposed. The user load is clustered first, and then the matching day method is used to improve the accuracy of the baseline load algorithm. The results show that, the method established in this paper is very effective in fitting the baseline load of users with strong periodicity.

At present, the effect of hole sealing and pumping in underground pumping system is generally not ideal, this article based on the current status of the mine extraction hole sealing technology, the original hole sealing technology was improved. The effects of the conventional hole sealing technology and the improved simplified "two stop up one pour into" hole sealing technology extraction were tested in the field. At the same time, the extraction effect and economic comparison of both were analyzed. In the end, it was concluded that the improved simplified "two stop up one pour into" hole sealing technology has better prospects than the original process.

The air conditioning and refrigeration system of a ship is the auxiliary system of the ship. The operation effect of the refrigeration compressor can be guaranteed only by ensuring its normal stability. We extend the service life of air conditioning refrigeration equipment, reduce the occurrence of failure, to ensure the good operation of equipment. This paper analyzes the cause and mechanism of water inlet in compressor of refrigeration system, puts forward the solution measures, and finally eliminates the fault and ensures the normal operation of equipment. Through this study, it will provide guiding schemes and measures for the stable operation of equipment in the future and reduce the failure rate of equipment operation.

The paper introduces the main contents of the revision of Technical Specification for the Design of Steel Supporting Structures of Overhead Transmission Line (DL/T 5486-2020) briefly and discusses the differences between the main regulations that have a greater impact on the design of transmission towers and the Technology for Design of Tower Structures for Overhead Transmission Lines (DL/T 5154-2012). The influence of the revision of the regulations on the general design of 35kV ~ 750kV towers was explored, and the optimization suggestions for the general design of towers were put forward.

The bolts of wind farm are prone to fatigue failure during service. Generally, the fatigue stress does not require too much external force. Sometimes the stress generated by bolts is much lower than the yield strength of bolts. In view of the failure problem of connecting bolts used in wind farms, the failure causes of the double-head bolt were studied by macroscopic inspection, chemical composition analysis, metallographic analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the fracture was a fatigue fracture, and the fatigue source area was located at the bottom of the thread tooth. Under the action of long-term alternating stress, the single source crack evolved into multi-source fatigue cracks, where the fracture was related to the larger stress in the process of installation and service. This paper analyzed the causes of bolt failure and put forward effective suggestions for the service environment of wind turbine bolts.

Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) technology is a high-efficiency thermal oil recovery technology. The numerical simulation of SAGD in fine-scale models is difficult to calculate and time-consuming. For improving computational efficiency of SAGD simulation, this paper studied the seepage characteristics of oil and gas two-phase flow with variable viscosity. Then, the correlation between the key parameter b_i of the viscosity-temperature curve and the scale factor θ was proposed. A coarse-scale characterization method for numerical simulation of SAGD reservoir model based on viscosity-temperature curve correction was established. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the simulation deviation to the coarse-scale model lower than 2.26 %, and the computational efficiency is about four times higher than that of the fine-scale model. The findings of this work are of great significance for the accurate numerical simulation of the upscaled SAGD reservoir model.

Due to the on-site production of the middle joint of the cable, there are problems of loose contact, obvious heat generation and easy failure at the joint. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of power cables and reduce the harm caused by the accidents of power cable intermediate joint to the power grid, this paper studies a preliminary design scheme of plug-in intermediate joint in view of the fact that there are many accessories of traditional power cable intermediate joint, the operation is cumbersome, and there are certain requirements for the technical level of installers. This scheme is easy to operate and requires less on-site process for operators. In this paper, a new connection mode of 10kV medium voltage cable intermediate joint is designed. The intermediate joint device is pre-made. the handle of the device is pulled open, the cable is inserted, and the connection is totally competed by closing the handle, which speeds up the recovery speed, improves the work efficiency, ensures the safe and stable operation of power cables, reduces the power system faults caused by the connection faults of intermediate cables, and provides a reliable guarantee for the safe operation of medium and low voltage distribution networks in China.

With the rapid development of China's wind power industry, relevant codes are too late to update. Therefore, it is necessary to explore and research in the design work, especially the electrical design of the low-voltage side grounding method of the main transformer of the wind farm. Many details are still worth discussed. This paper only discusses the grounding method of the low-voltage side of the main transformer of the wind farm, the matching of the high-voltage fuse of the pad mount transformer and the capacity of transformer, the design of the grounding resistance, and the setting calculation of the single-phase grounding current of the collecting cable line of the wind farm.

As an important basis for the management of equipment and data assets of smart hydropower plants, the operation statistical analysis service provides a data basis for the management and analysis of the overall operation of various equipment and power plants. In this paper, the functions and business requirements of the service were analyzed, and the overall design of the system architecture and the design and software development of databases, configuration programs, statistical analysis, background data processing, etc., were carried out. With the service, the processing and calculation functions of multi-source service measurement point data were realized, which provided data support for a variety of display forms of human-computer interaction interface.

The existing transmission line fault early warning can’t automatically identify the abnormal area, resulting in poor early warning effect for the line crossing and line touching fault. Based on this, an early-warning method of power transmission line crossing and collision fault based on multi-source data is proposed. Combined with the feature extraction method of multi-source data fusion, based on the analysis of the characteristics of the stock index of power grid transmission line crossing and touching, the leakage current acquisition model is constructed. Based on the model, the abnormal data of power grid are collected, and the characteristics of power grid transmission line crossing and touching are mined and identified. Then the texture features are obtained by using the local binary pattern operator to simplify the early warning steps of power grid transmission line crossing and touching. The experimental results show that the multi-source data-based power grid transmission line crossing and collision fault early warning is more practical than the traditional methods. In the process of practical application, the effect of abnormal data prediction and collection is significantly better. It can carry out fault early warning more quickly and accurately, and fully meet the research requirements.

In Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) control systems, relays witnessed wide applications in automatic control, communication, remote control, telemetry, power electronic equipment, and mechatronics. The duration of its operation has a great impact on the reliability of the entire equipment. This paper summarizes the current common influencing factors of the electrical performance of relays and the energy consumption and current limiting methods of AC and DC arc breaking. On this basis, a detailed analysis is made in terms of the hardware and software design of the electrical performance test system for AC/DC relays, in the hope of searching for some rules of relay design, so as to provide help for the development of relays in the future.

Heating of electrical equipment nodes in high-voltage distribution network will lead to a series of problems. It is of great practical significance to explore the causes of heating of electrical equipment nodes, and to study the early warning methods and countermeasures of electrical equipment nodes. This paper discusses the causes of the heating of electrical equipment nodes, analyzes the causes of the increase of contact resistance, studies the heating early warning technology of electrical equipment nodes with a heating early warning device of distribution network equipment nodes as an example, and finally expounds the countermeasures to deal with the heating of electrical equipment nodes based on the application of temperature measurement technology and the implementation of temperature testing measures.

Publisher's Note: This paper, originally published on 25 April 2023, was withdrawn on 21 September 2023 per author request.

With the promotion of China's power substitution strategy, the national power load has increased year by year, but at the same time, the annual duration of peak load is extremely low, which brings major challenges to the safe and economic operation of the power system. By constructing a typical flexible load aggregate adjustable power calculation model, this paper carries out the flexible load group adjustable power calculation and characteristic characterization from the equipment level. The working mechanism and power regulation mode of typical flexible load of air conditioning are studied, and an orderly temperature control regulation method of constant frequency refrigeration air conditioning load group is proposed. It is found that the outdoor temperature and average power show an approximate linear relationship. For every 1℃ increases in outdoor temperature, the average power increases by 5% of the rated power; Synchronous regulation of temperature control load group will cause disorderly fluctuation of aggregate adjustable power due to various initial states. The power fluctuation rate of air conditioning load group can be reduced by 87% through the orderly temperature control regulation method.

Power grid equipment is an important structure to maintain the stability of power transportation and is the core foundation to ensure the economic and social benefits of power engineering. To improve the stability and security of power system operation, a method of laser rust removal on the insulation surface of power grid equipment is studied according to the insulation characteristics of power grid equipment. Firstly, the mechanical characteristics of rust adhesion on the insulation surface of the power grid equipment are analyzed, and the mechanism of laser rust removal is obtained. Then, based on this, the relevant parameters of laser rust removal are determined, and the design of the laser removal method for the equipment rust layer is completed. Finally, the effect and feasibility of the designed laser de-rusting method for the external insulation surface of the power grid equipment are tested through comparative experiments. The experimental results show that the peak voltage on the insulation surface reaches a stable state at the fifth laser pulse, while the peak voltage of the traditional method is not stable at the tenth laser pulse. The average mass loss of the proposed method is 0.3G less than that of the traditional method before and after laser rust removal, which shows that the laser rust removal method designed in this paper is efficient and practical. It can remove the rust in-depth and minimize the impact on the quality of the original base material of the power grid equipment. The research of this method can provide technical reference for the equipment maintenance of power systems and improve the stability and efficiency of power system operation.

This paper innovatively introduces the Bass model of the innovation diffusion theory into the energy efficiency improvement mechanism under the carbon market and builds a System Dynamics (SD) simulation model based on the improved Bass model to study the process of technological innovation diffusion that promotes energy efficiency improvement. This paper takes China’s thermal power industry as an example for simulation analysis, and the results show that based on the internal influence of exchanges among thermal power manufacturers and the external influence of government actions, thermal power manufacturers actively implement traditional technology transformation and new technology application to improve energy efficiency.

As wind power has characteristics of volatility, uncertainty, and poor predictability, if the penetration rate of wind power is to be improved, sufficient flexible and adjustable power supply is required to absorb large-scale wind power. Therefore, the reasonable proportion of wind power, flexible and adjustable power supply and common coal-fired power supply shall be considered in the generation and transmission coordinated planning. In this paper, the K-means clustering method is used to sample the load and wind speed values at different times of typical days from the actual data. Based on the peak and valley of net load on several typical days in each year during the planning period, a dynamic generation and transmission coordinated planning mathematical model that can simultaneously consider wind power, gas-fired power generation and coal-fired power generation is established. The objective of this model is to make the optimal investment for the candidate units and lines under the premise of satisfying the constraints of safe operation of the power grid, to ensure that the total present value of the investment cost and the operation cost in the planning period is minimum. At the same time, the simplified unit commitment model is used to simulate the dispatching operation of various types of units in the power system in typical days, to explain the flexible regulation function of gas-fired generating units on wind power and load fluctuation.

The 3D digital design and the delivery of 3D digital models for substations have been widely carried out around the world. However, the current 3D display systems cannot reflect the real-time operating data and status of the equipment. In this paper, a 3D real-time monitoring and display system for substations is proposed, which can dynamically monitor the operating data and status of equipment in a 3D visualization environment.

This paper focuses on the related problems of the test accuracy, test efficiency and test automation of the no-load flow characteristics of the servo valve in the static test process and studies the key technology and test scheme of the test system. A measurement and control system based on LabVIEW software is designed, and a double closed-loop voltage stabilization control scheme of flow and pressure is proposed, which improves the test accuracy and efficiency.

In practice, some large-scale transmission line emergency inspection optimal path planning methods have the drawback of too high percentage of failed nodes. A large-scale transmission line emergency inspection optimal path planning method considering complex terrain is designed. The electromagnetic field parameters of large-scale transmission lines are calculated, combined with the generalized equation and the corresponding constraints to obtain the full current law of transmission lines, construct an obstacle ranging model based on complex terrain, adopt a redefinition of the electric field safety threshold to achieve the purpose of transmission conductor obstacle avoidance, assign discrete points centrally in a simulated manner, and design an optimal path planning method for emergency patrol. Simulation experiment results: the optimal path planning method for large-scale transmission line emergency inspection in the paper, and the other two optimal path planning methods for large-scale transmission line emergency inspection have inspection route distances of 107.064m, 139.795m and 133.105m respectively. This indicates that the optimal path planning method for large-scale transmission line emergency patrol, designed after taking into full consideration the complex terrain, and is more practical.

At present, the problem of gas over limit in the upper corner of the mining face with U-shaped ventilation is common. The reason for the upper corner gas limit was analyzed, and the method for the upper corner gas limit was summarized and solved. At the same time, low level borehole exhaust mined-out area gas was targeted at the upper corner of the Liyazhuang mine to improve the upper corner gas limit and keep the upper corner gas at around 0.5%. During the exhaust period, there were no incidents of gas over-topping in the upper corner.

Before 2010, it was generally believed that the control method of △I was difficult for M310 improved CPR100, a typical representative of millions of nuclear power units, and it was regarded as one of the difficult problems that reactor operators and even senior operators must strive to overcome. With the increase of the capacity of nuclear power units and the expansion of various new energy units, great changes have taken place in the power structure of the power grid. The operation of nuclear power plants has been required to join the camp of peak shaving from a single long-term maintenance of full power, which brings about changes in the core control strategy, and the control of axial power is the most prominent problem in the core control. The control strategy and key points of axial power deviation of 1000 MW nuclear power unit for reducing load to 75% Pn are analyzed in this paper, the conclusion can provide reference for the operation of nuclear power unit.

Sustainable energy will play an increasingly important role in replacing fossil fuels as society's energy needs grow. A good storage system is essential for maximizing the use of these new energies. Lithium-sulphur batteries, with high theoretical capacities, appear to be one of the most promising alternative solutions. However, lithium-sulphur batteries also face challenges such as lithium dendrite growth. This review will focus on exploring the lithium dendrite growth process, existing research on inhibiting dendrite growth, and discussing the prospects of this innovative energy storage solution.

As a new type of equipment, 220kV GIS double-break disconnect switch can effectively solve the stubborn problem of busbar outage when the GIS interval is modified and expanded. According to the technical characteristics of the double-break disconnect switch, its wiring form, equipment size versatility and other engineering applicability are discussed. Using the double busbar as a bridge and making full use of the own characteristics of the double-break busbar disconnect switch, a new test scheme is proposed, which can complete the puncture test of the double-break busbar disconnect switch at the spare interval during the first phase construction of the substation. By comparing with conventional busbar disconnect switches, the economic benefits of this type of equipment in substations are verified and it has good application prospects.

With the continuous development of China's electricity market, the characteristics of diversification of electricity market demand are gradually highlighted. How to optimize the marketing strategy to meet the electricity demand of different customers and improve the core competitiveness has become an urgent requirement of electric power enterprises. Aiming at the problem of long mining time when using traditional mining methods to mine suitable potential customers in the power industry, a mining method of potential customers in the power industry based on customer behavior analysis is designed. Firstly, some data of potential customers in power industry are extracted and preprocessed. Then, the customer behavior analysis method is used to extract the characteristics of customer behavior. Finally, the mining model of potential customers in the power industry is constructed to realize the mining of potential customers. The experimental results show that the potential customer mining method based on customer behavior analysis is faster than the traditional method, which provides a feasible research direction for the expansion of the potential customer market in the power industry and has practical research value.

Under the current background, a high proportion of distributed photovoltaic is widely connected to the low-voltage distribution network, which poses a challenge to the safety and stability of the distribution network. In order to accurately evaluate the photovoltaic hosting capacity of low-voltage distribution network with high proportion of distributed photovoltaic, a distributed photovoltaic hosting mathematical model is established and solved by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In addition, the control strategy based on photovoltaic inverter is used to improve the hosting capacity, and a simulation analysis is carried out with an actual area of Shandong Province to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

The access of Distributed Photovoltaic (DPV) will affect the power loss. This paper first analyzes the mechanism of the influence of DPV access on power loss. Based on Monte Carlo simulation method, a method for analyzing the influence of DPV random access on power loss is proposed. Taking IEEE33 node as an example, the forward and back generation power flow calculation method is adopted for simulation analysis, then the variation rule of net loss is summarized.

Since the 20th century, China's economy has developed rapidly, and its electricity consumption has risen rapidly. Around 2010, a large number of infrastructure power plants were launched. So far, the aging of important components of electrical secondary equipment has become a very serious problem. In recent years, there have been many non-stop accidents caused by aging of important electrical secondary equipment such as protection device, excitation system and automatic control device, which have brought huge economic losses. This paper mainly introduces the non-stop accidents caused by the aging of the components of the electrical secondary equipment and puts forward the idea of solving them. A new monitoring system is developed to give early warning to the aging of the components and improve the safe and stable operation of the power plant.

With the development of information technology and communication technology, the degree of industrial intelligence and automation is getting higher and higher, and the continuous and in-depth development of information system is precisely the power industry to use IT technology to improve the all-round way of enterprise production, management, monitoring and security efficiency. Information system monitoring methods, technologies, and even systems will affect the management, maintenance, and release of changes to the stable operation of the information system and are an important factor in realizing the efficiency and reliability of the information system. Based on the introduction of information system and monitoring management, combined with the operation and management requirements of information system, this paper discusses the monitoring system and construction of information system, and analyzes related key technologies to explore the development trend of information system monitoring. By analyzing the related technologies of information system operation and maintenance, combined with the current situation and existing problems of power information system operation and maintenance of Hubei Electric Power Company, the business requirements, design goals and overall structure of intelligent operation and maintenance system of Hubei electric power information system are put forward. And research and design are carried out from the functional architecture and physical architecture. Through the construction of the operation and maintenance system, as a powerful supplement to the information and communication integrated dispatching operation support platform, it can effectively improve the efficiency of the operation and maintenance of the provincial power information system and ensure the safe and stable operation of each system.

With the continuous development of distributed energy, the distribution grid's demands for flexibility and operation efficiency are improved rapidly. However, massive devices connected to the distribution grid make the service data of the distribution grid grow explosively and bring difficulties to the processing and decision-making. This paper constructs a digital twin-enabled computation offloading architecture of distribution gird and proposes a service priority-driven digital twin-enabled autonomous decision-making algorithm based on price matching to realize autonomous decision-making of computation offloading. It can address the conflicts among devices and achieve service priority awareness by increasing the matching cost of servers based on the service priority. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has the superior performance in delay and service satisfaction rate.

In 2015, the publication and implementation of the "No.9 document" and the corresponding supporting documents marked the beginning of the new electricity reform. The current round of electricity reform to "control the middle, release the two ends" as the principle, for the power generation side and the sales side of the market into a strong development power. In order to ensure the adaptability and expansibility of the indicators, this paper describes in detail the three-level indicators of the power market operation evaluation index system based on the SCP analysis framework and makes a comprehensive reference to the development of the domestic regional power market and the content of the evaluation report of the foreign typical power market when selecting the indicators.

Domestic IGBT power units have type test reports, factory test reports and records, product design instructions, and certificates issued by nationally recognized institutions. The main technical indicators of the domestic IGBT power unit and the frequency conversion device meet the requirements of the relevant national standards and test outlines and have reached the design goal of the 25MVA domestic IGBT power unit. So far, it has been running smoothly for 6500 hours.

The emergence of distributed energy has not only changed the original energy supply mode in China, but also become an indispensable part of modern energy system. Firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of power spot market and distributed power supply to get the opportunity of power spot market for distributed power supply to participate in market transactions. Secondly, in the face of problems such as massive and complicated transaction scale and information data surge caused by the direct participation of distributed resources in centralized power spot market transaction, this paper expounds the advantages and challenges of blockchain technology applied in distributed power market transaction. Finally, based on the block chain technology, this paper designs the power spot market trading operation mechanism including dispatching chain, trading chain and distributed power supply.

Under the national strategic goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality," it is necessary for each region to analyze the carbon peaking pathways according to local conditions. Based on the energy consumption data of Guangdong Province in the past ten years, this paper adopts the LMDI decomposition method to analyze the impact of four factors quantitatively on the carbon emissions of Guangdong's overall provincial electricity production, including population, economy, energy intensity, and energy structure. And further analyzed the changes in Guangdong's energy in recent years from the optimization of energy structure and energy intensity. Finally, based on the above analysis results, the development path of power decarbonization in Guangdong adapted to the goal of carbon peaking is proposed.

With the construction of a new power system, a variety of new loads are incorporated into the system, and the new power system grows rapidly, resulting in line blockage, off-peak power consumption, and unbalanced power flow during accident maintenance and repair. With the retaliatory increase of load in the new epidemic period, through the evaluation of the dynamic load level of the power supply circuit, we should study how to determine the load bottleneck equipment, and reasonably explore the power load potential of the existing equipment under various working conditions, so as to increase the power supply circuit. The observability and controllability of the equipment, improving the reliability of equipment operation, and rationally arranging the power outage plan to maximize the power supply level, new energy consumption level and equipment benefit of the equipment have become important in the management of new power systems that cannot be ignored. At the same time, it is also the most urgent practical need for the management of new energy installations.

With the development of new power system, the scale of Electric Power Optical Communication Network (EPOCN) is growing, and the instability of the network has increased. Therefore, accurate network fault sensing has become the key to maintain the safe and reliable operation of EPOCN. This paper proposes a fault sensing method for EPOCN based on digital twin. First, we propose a digital twin based EPOCN architecture. On this basis, a fault sensing scoring method of EPOCN based on Digital Twin-empowered Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (DT-FAHP) is proposed, and the operation status of EPOCN is evaluated by scoring. A digital twin model is established by uploading the reliable operation data to the electric power optical communication digital twin network, and the fault warning of EPOCN is realized with the help of the digital twin model. Finally, an example is given to verify the superiority of the proposed method in the processing of fault sensing indicators.

With the widespread use of cables in distribution networks, the grounding capacitance of 10kV neutral point ungrounded systems increases significantly, generating low-frequency nonlinear oscillations caused by saturation of electromagnetic voltage transformer (PT). It generates large over-currents on the high voltage side of PT, triggering PT fuse meltdown and causing great im-pact on power system safety. Based on the ATP-EMTP platform, the transient process of the 10kV power system after the disappearance of single-phase ground fault is simulated, generating low-frequency nonlinear oscillations. We analyze the causes and influencing factors of system capacitance to ground, zero-sequence resistance value, fault occurrence and disappearance moment on PT fuse meltdown. We also simulate the suppression measures of 4PT wiring and series connection of voltage sensitive resistor at the neutral point of PT high voltage side and compare their measurement accuracy. Finally, a low-frequency nonlinear oscillation test platform for 10kV power system is established to verify the effectiveness of the simulation.

A thyristor flexible control strategy based on zero sequence current update control is proposed to solve the problem of flexible arc suppression of single-phase faults in distribution networks. Based on the innovation graph theory, the zero sequence current innovation characteristics before and after feeder fault are analyzed, and the zero-sequence current innovation line selection method for single-phase fault of distribution network is proposed. A master-slave arc suppression coil compensation device is improved, and a control strategy of arc suppression coil is proposed with the amplitude of zero-sequence current innovation as the trigger condition. ADPSS simulation program is used to verify the effectiveness of the method, which provides a theoretical basis for the flexible arc suppression method of single-phase ground fault in distribution network.

Non-linear devices in the power system greatly affect the power quality, and the adequacy of reactive power is one of the important indicators of power quality, so reactive power compensation technology is especially important for optimizing power quality. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is by far the most advanced reactive power compensation device with the advantages of small size, fast response time and wide application range. In this paper, the main circuit structure of STATCOM is optimized by using LCL type filter, and the corresponding current-voltage complex control system is designed to improve the control accuracy and the stability of DC side voltage, and the simulation model is built by Matlab/Simulink, and the results show that the system has good compensation performance and low harmonic distortion rate.

The construction of three-dimensional digitalization and smart grid is promoted vigorously in transmission line projects to achieve the life -span management of the equipment. However, there is currently no systematic research on the finite element analysis of transmission towers based on 3D digitization. In this paper, on the basis of 3D digitization, combined with finite element simulation technology, the calculation function of the 3D design of transmission towers is improved, which can effectively improve the design quality. After finite element analysis, it was found that the towering transmission tower was mainly controlled by wind load.

Power transformer undertakes the important tasks of voltage transformation, power distribution, and power transfer in the power system, so the normal operation of the transformer is an important guarantee for the safe operation of the power system. The substation is one of the most important equipment in the distribution station and the national power system, so it is necessary to diagnose and analyze its operation status and fault maintenance. In recent years, substation equipment faults have occurred frequently, which has become the main problem to be solved in the current power industry. The existing methods have a high misdiagnosis rate in the application of substation equipment fault diagnosis, so this paper proposes research on substation equipment fault diagnosis method based on BP neural network. In this paper, the current sensor and temperature sensor are used to obtain the current signal and temperature signal of the substation equipment, and the obtained signals are processed by redundancy removal. The BP neural network is used to extract and analyze the fault characteristics of the equipment, diagnose the operation state of the equipment, and realize the fault diagnosis of the substation equipment. Proved by experiments, the misdiagnosis rate of the method designed in this paper is lower than that of the traditional method, and it has a good application prospect in the substation equipment fault diagnosis and provides theoretical support for the stable operation of substation.

The power transformer is the most widely used equipment in the power grid. Once it stops running due to a fault, it may threaten the safe operation of the power grid in severe cases. Especially with the increase of the grid voltage level and the increase of power supply demand, the voltage level and capacity of the transformer are also increasing, and the leakage magnetic field strength of the transformer increases with the increase of its capacity, resulting in eddy current loss and stray loss. It also increases, which may eventually lead to overheating of the windings. Due to the lack of effective monitoring methods for the transformer hot spot temperature and winding temperature, the safe operation of the transformer will be at risk. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the management and intelligent monitoring of the power transformer load. In this paper, a set of intelligent management system of power transformer load is formed by analyzing the hot spot calculation and cooling mode of the transformer, which greatly improves the stability of the power system.

In order to achieve accurate diagnosis of motor faults, a technique based on wavelet analysis and RBF neural networks is used. The wavelet thresholding method is first used to reduce the noise of the motor sound and improve the signal-to-noise ratio in order to further extract fault features. Then the wavelet packet method is used to analyze the sound signals of the three-phase asynchronous motor in three states to extract the band energy, and finally the band energy is fed into the neural network for training to build a classifier for fault diagnosis. The experimental results show that the method of combining wavelet packet technology and RBF neural network has less time consumption and higher accuracy in diagnosing motor faults. It has the potential for further development.

Aiming at the problems of low fault warning efficiency and failure to transmit warning information in time in China's distribution network, a digital smart distribution network fault risk warning system based on data mining is proposed. The Oracle database is used to call and manage the data of the distribution network as a whole, and then the data mining method is used to collect and process the fault data. On this basis, the fault early warning model is established to realize the timely early warning of distribution network fault risk. Finally, the conventional fault risk early warning system is selected as the comparison system for the comparison test. The test results show that the fault risk early warning system of the distribution network based on data mining is superior to the conventional system in data transmission delay, which is conducive to improving the early warning efficiency and providing a guarantee for the safe and stable operation of distribution network.

The rigid network structure of traditional power optical network is difficult to meet the increasing demand of different power service qualities. Virtual embedding technology can flexibly allocate the underlying physical network resources to improve resource utilization. However, the current virtual embedding method has the problems of high complexity and no differentiation for different services. In this paper, service importance-aware bilateral matching-based virtual embedding algorithm is proposed to complete the embedding of virtual service nodes according to the importance of service and improve the performance of service data transmission.

Due to the weak lightning protection level of 35kV line, the lightning trip rate of 35kV line is high. The research on 35kV lightning protection is of great significance to improve the reliability of power supply. Based on the actual characteristics of 35kV lines in Hunan province, a lightning protection device with large current capacity is proposed, which can carry 120kA(4/10μs) current as a whole. This research verifies the performance of the arrester from the aspects of valve plate selection, current test and insulation coordination, so as to ensure the overall performance of the arrester. The lightning arrester with large current capacity designed in this paper has reliable performance. It is suitable for the lightning protection of 35kV line and can improve the reliability of power supply.

A large number of aerial images are generated in the inspection of transmission lines. Due to the different sizes of conductors, insulators, shock absorbers and other components, the problem of rejection is easy to occur in the detection of external damage hazards, which affects the overall identification effect of lines. In this paper, a method to identify the hidden danger of external damage of high voltage overhead transmission lines is designed. From the three aspects of color, texture and shape, multi feature extraction is carried out on the line image to represent the location information of external damage hazards. The line image to be recognized is divided into uniform grids, and the coordinates and confidence of sub image blocks are used. Calculate the prediction accuracy of each region, filter the sub region with the largest value as the candidate target region, and output the corresponding prediction box. The deep transfer learning model is used to identify the hidden danger of external damage of the line, and the difference measurement index is used to evaluate the input feature vector. The difference feature results are fed back to the convolution layer to strengthen the interpretation ability of the difference information. The test results show that the design method improves the ability of image feature extraction, has high recognition accuracy, and provides decision-making basis for intelligent line early warning.

With the rapid development of smart grids, a variety of monitoring technologies have been applied in power system to ensure its safe and stable operation. The configuration software has excellent characteristics such as real-time, easy to operate, and intuitive interface image, so it is widely applied to the field of power monitoring. The power monitoring system based on the configuration software is analyzed and studied in this paper. Firstly, the structure of this system is designed by using the technology of Internet of Things and configuration software, then the application of the power monitoring system in the power grid is elaborated, which can provide a reference for the subsequent design and application of the power monitoring system and help the realization of the smart grid.

In recent years, with the clean energy consumption, decentralized supply and market-oriented trading, the composition of power system has become increasingly complex. As one of the most important consumer groups, the mining of residents' power consumption behavior is of great value to strengthen demand side management, improve energy efficiency and promote the development of smart grid. Therefore, this paper studies the pattern recognition and associated factors of power consumption behavior based on unsupervised clustering and Apriori. We use the hourly load curve of Shanghai residents from 2016 to 2018 to carry out the experiment. According to the results of the survey, we distinguish the single household characteristics and combined household characteristics, analyze their relationship with these typical power consumption modes, and eliminate the impact of unbalanced distribution of categories. The experimental results show that socio-economic factors, environmental cognitive factors and housing factors will affect Chinese residents' power consumption behavior to varying degrees. The association rules of combined household characteristics formed in different seasons are also quite different.

Group control refers to the necessary management and control of the group member companies by the group headquarters and its authorized management entities, which represent the interests of the group as a whole. During this process, group control effectiveness needs to be regularly evaluated, so as to correct deviations and improve performance. In face of new reform and development situations, large power grid enterprises urgently need to implement differentiated and precise control for regulatory and competitive businesses, which have different characteristics and development position, in order to better coordinate development and security, power supply and energy transformation. Based on the development reality of large power grid enterprises in China, this research constructs control effectiveness indicator system for their regulatory and competitive businesses, aiming to provide a beneficial tool to assess group control effectiveness and promote power grid company’s high-quality development.

Urban power grid has a series of problems such as limited power supply capacity and insufficient reactive power reserve. Reasonable access to VSC-HVDC can effectively alleviate the above problems. In terms of reactive power control, VSC-HVDC can be incorporated into the traditional reactive power support system of regional urban power grids by taking advantage of the rapid, flexible and controllable dynamic reactive power transfer out of VSC-HVDC. Based on BPA simulation, this paper verifies the reactive power support effect of VSC-HVDC on the power grid in the case of flexible direct interconnection of urban power grid partitions and proposes an optimization method of urban power grid partition operation based on the adjustment of VSC-HVDC operation mode, which improves the stable operation level of power grid partitions on the basis of giving full play to the flexible direct reactive power support effect.

The dynamic stability analysis of Nanning power grid operation mode and optimal arrangement of power outage plan are studied. Firstly, the expert empirical rule base of scheduling plan considering security constraints is established to ensure that the boundary conditions of optimization model meet the outage requirements. Considering the complexity of non-closed-loop state analysis of ground modulated power grid topology, the power grid knowledge graph is established to accurately analyze the graph data relationship. In order to meet the principle of safe and stable operation of the power grid and to achieve the principle of "transfer without stopping", bus load forecasts are made for the main network of Nanning power grid. Combined with the grid knowledge graph, the load to power supply scheme is given, and the overload warning is given. The outage windows for outage plans are recommended based on the transfer schemes to achieve reasonable outage arrangements. Finally, the outage window period and outage rule base combined with the mixed integer algorithm model are considered to give the optimal scheduling plan for the outage plan.

Key transmission line fault detection methods have the problem of large detection errors and design a key transmission line fault detection method based on multi-source data fusion algorithm. The component symmetry between the forward and inverse traveling waves is used to discriminate the traveling wave abnormal region, combine the time window, pinpoint the information of the time field to the daily shift data, construct a tripping warning model based on the multi-source data fusion algorithm, and optimize the critical transmission line fault detection mode. Experimental results show that the mean error values of the key transmission line fault detection method in the paper, compared with three other key transmission line fault detection methods, are: 0.059, 0.113, 0.120 and 0.115 respectively, proving that the use of the fault detection method is improved when combined with the multi-source data fusion algorithm.

Transformer core voiceprint mode is a voiceprint recognition method based on convolution neural network. With the help of noise experimental platform and core model vibration, the vibration acoustic signals under different working conditions can be detected, and then all the collected correlation data and acoustic data are compared and analyzed. After that, the final network structure and super parameters can be optimized and adjusted to ensure that the final recognition rate of acoustic signals can reach the ideal standard.

High voltage power cables are more and more widely used in cities, which also produces some secondary problems, such as grounding faults, safety problems and so on. This paper studies the grounding mode of high-voltage power cable, compares the characteristics and differences between different grounding modes, introduces the permanent grounding device studied in this topic, discusses the fault causes of high-voltage power cable grounding, and analyzes the practical application of fault location and detection technology.

The reliable and stable operation of Electric Power Optical Communication Network (EPOCN) is the basis for the optimization of distributed energy management. How to evaluate the operation reliability of EPOCN devices and carrying reliability remains a challenge. In this paper, we firstly propose a digital twin-based two-dimensional multi-level reliability assessment indicator system of EPOCN, which consists of device reliability and service reliability. Secondly, an improved fuzzy hierarchical reliability assessment method for EPOCN is proposed to assess the reliability level of EPOCN by scoring each level. Finally, an example is given to verify the superiority of the proposed technique in reliability indicator processing, which can effectively reduce the influence of subjective factors of evaluators and objectively reflect the reliability of EPOCN.

Wind power generation has been developed in large scale in China, but large-scale wind power consumption has always been a worldwide problem. With the increasing scale of wind power grid-connected, the ability of the original traditional power source to regulate the operation of the power grid has been seriously weakened, and the problems of wind power grid connection to power quality and safe and stable operation have become increasingly prominent. This paper introduces the development status of wind power. The mainstream wind power consumption methods include cross-regional consumption, multi-energy complementarity and demand side response, and analyze the impact of wind power on power quality, grid stability and relay protection after accessing the grid system. Finally, the power grid planning considering wind power uncertainty, system reliability, and renewable energy policy is summarized.

The importance of lightning protection of high-voltage transmission lines is increasingly prominent with the high voltage of transmission lines. Based on the analysis of the weaknesses in the lightning protection process of high-voltage transmission lines, this paper summarizes the differential lightning protection measures of transmission lines with different voltage levels and puts forward the patrol inspection items of lightning protection facilities in daily operation and maintenance. The differential lightning protection of transmission lines with different voltage levels has important theoretical guiding significance for reducing the incidence of lightning accidents of high-voltage transmission lines and ensuring the normal operation of high-voltage transmission lines.

With the technological development of digital twin technology and the wide application in all walks of life, this risk prediction method based on the characteristics of visual interaction, full-truth modeling and data intelligence has been found to be well applied to the safety management of power construction sites. By constructing a distributed digital twin system combined with the common safety problems based on electric power construction, this paper proposes a DDT-SM safety analysis model and proposes a corresponding evaluation method. After the field test, the feasibility of each functional module of this model is preliminarily demonstrated.

Polyethylene (PE) has good chemical stability and corrosion resistance and is one of the top five synthetic resins, widely used in the manufacture of films and fibers. However, with the development of society, simple PE products can no longer meet people's demands for performance. This article describes the performance, production methods, and several methods and effects of PE modification of different kinds of PE. The performance of PE is related to the way it is processed and the length of its branches and the number of branches. The shorter the length of the branch chain, the less the number of long branch chains and short branch chains, the higher the density, the stronger the crystallinity, the higher the tensile strength, the tensile modulus, and hardness, and the higher the melting point. The larger the molecular weight, the more branched chains, the tighter the entanglement between the molecular chains, and the greater the viscosity of the material. The fewer the branch chains, the shorter the length of the branch chains, and the lower the pressure and temperature required for processing. In the third part, this article describes the enhanced interface compatibility of materials, improved processing properties, reduced costs, and improved mechanical properties such as compliance and stress cracking by physical modification (blending modification, filling modification, enhanced modification) and chemical modification (crosslinking modification, graft modification, copolymerization modification). It also describes new modified technologies such as metallocene catalysis and nanomaterial filling that improve material properties while becoming more environmentally friendly. This paper expects to be able to develop PE materials that meet social needs based on the specific properties of PE and the way of modification, guided by different needs for materials.