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Proceedings Volume GEOSS, CEOS, and the Future Global Remote Sensing Space System for Societal Benefits, 715101 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.823181
This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7151, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, the Conference and Symposium Committees listings, some abstracts and a powerpoint presentation.
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Proceedings Volume GEOSS, CEOS, and the Future Global Remote Sensing Space System for Societal Benefits, 715103 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.804848
The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) is driving a paradigm shift in the Earth Observation community, refocusing
Earth observing systems on GEO Societal Benefit Areas (SBA). Over the short history of space-based Earth observing
systems most decisions have been made based on improving our scientific understanding of the Earth with the implicit
assumption that this would serve society well in the long run. The space agencies responsible for developing the
satellites used for global Earth observations are typically science driven. The innovation of GEO is the call for
investments by space agencies to be driven by global societal needs. This paper presents the preliminary findings of an
analysis focused on the observational requirements of the GEO Energy SBA. The analysis was performed by the
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Systems Engineering Office (SEO) which is responsible for
facilitating the development of implementation plans that have the maximum potential for success while optimizing the
benefit to society. The analysis utilizes a new taxonomy for organizing requirements, assesses the current gaps in spacebased
measurements and missions, assesses the impact of the current and planned space-based missions, and presents a
set of recommendations.
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Proceedings Volume GEOSS, CEOS, and the Future Global Remote Sensing Space System for Societal Benefits, 715104 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.810844
The U.S. GCOS Program [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/usgcos/index.htm
htm] at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center
(NCDC) [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov] is involved in working to implement a sustainable and robust GCOS observing
network for international atmospheric, oceanographic, and terrestrial climate observing. The U.S. GCOS support
philosophy is based upon a three-tiered approach involving a series of international, regional, and bi-lateral project
efforts. One of the most active and important areas of involvement is in the Pacific Ocean region where we leverage
support for this via formal climate bilateral agreements that the U.S. has with both Australia and New Zealand. NCDC
and the U.S. GCOS Program Manager serve as the NOAA and U.S. lead on these bilateral climate agreements. This
paper will describe the efforts undertaken in the Pacific region towards developing a more sustainable and robust GCOS
observing ground-based network for atmospheric, oceanographic, and terrestrial climate observing in the region. The
paper will describe the actions to date, plans for the future, and how the efforts to date such as the establishment of a
virtual Regional Climate Center for the region in order to, among other things, work towards improving data availability
and access for and from the nations in the region in order to improve climate services across the region. NCDC is also
interested in developing partnerships for installing U.S. Climate Reference Network [see http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/crn]
equipment to be part of a global long-term climate reference network for improving climate information from more data
sparse tropical and high-elevation areas. In order to properly document this, a full description of the overall climate
observations program in the U.S. is required.
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Proceedings Volume GEOSS, CEOS, and the Future Global Remote Sensing Space System for Societal Benefits, 715105 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.814554
Satellite infrared hyperspectral instruments provide atmospheric soundings with high spatial resolution. Already
implemented aboard polar orbiting satellites, these instruments have provided data that are proving to improve greatly
global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). When implemented aboard geostationary satellites as imaging
spectrometers, even greater impacts on global NWP are expected from their capability to observe vertically resolved
cloud and water vapor tracer winds. Possibly most important, geostationary imaging spectrometry will enable much
improved mesoscale severe weather prediction because of the ability to observe atmospheric dynamics through nearcontinuous
observation of the three dimensional water vapor and temperature distribution of the atmosphere.
Furthermore, hyperspectral measurements of greenhouse and pollutant gas fluxes from geostationary orbit are expected
to be an important ingredient for understanding climate change and producing timely air quality forecasts.
In this paper, the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), recent improvements in the satellite observing
system, and the importance and expected benefits of geostationary satellite imaging spectrometry for the GEOSS are
discussed. Demonstration of a few of the expected measurement capabilities of these systems is provided from
experimental aircraft and satellite measurements. Finally, the status of the development of the geostationary satellite
imaging spectrometer is provided.
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Proceedings Volume GEOSS, CEOS, and the Future Global Remote Sensing Space System for Societal Benefits, 715106 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.804772
ADEOS II was launched on Dec. 2002. However, after about 10 months operation, it has lost most of its power
due to the solar paddle failure. As a follow on of ADEOS II mission, JAXA is now planning GCOM mission
which is composed of a series of satellites. They are now called GCOM-W and GCOM-C satellites. Both satellites
are composed of 3 satellites with 5 year lifetime. Hence, 13 years of continuous observation can be assured with 1
year overlaps. The first satellite of GCOM-W will be launched in fiscal 2011 while the first one of GCOM-C will
be launched in fiscal 2013. GCOM-W will carry AMSR F/O (tentatively called as AMSR2). AMSR2 will be very
similar to AMSR on ADEOS II and AMSR-E on EOS-Aqua with some modifications. The orbit of GCOM-W is
700km altitude and 13:30 ascending node time (TBD) to continue the AMSR-E observation. GCOM-C will carry
GLI F/O (tentatively called as SGLI). The SGLI will be rather different from GLI. The main targets of SGLI are
atmospheric aerosols, coastal zone and land. In order to measure aerosols over both ocean and land, it will have a
near ultra violet channel, as well as polarization and
bi-directional observation capability. For, coastal zone and
land observation, the IFOV of SGLI for these targets will be around 250m. The instrument will be composed of
several components. The shorter wavelength region will adopt push broom scanners, while long wave region will
use a conventional whisk broom scanner. The orbit of GCOM-C is the same as that of ADEOS II, i.e. around
800km altitude, and 10:30 descending node time.
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Proceedings Volume GEOSS, CEOS, and the Future Global Remote Sensing Space System for Societal Benefits, 715108 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.806508
During the GEOSS era, a Doppler wind lidar (DWL) described in this paper will be able to measure
directly the 3-dimensional wind field. These observations can be used synergistically with traditional
imagers, passive radiometers and active scatterometers to improve significantly the weather and climate
missions.
Synergisms being explored include laser height assignment and layer wind calibration for Cloud Motion
Vectors (CMVs) and Water Vapor Motion Vectors (WVMVs), and the adjudication of directional
ambiguities in Ocean Vector Winds (OVW) retrievals. These synergistic links will be incorporated into
adaptive targeting schemes being evaluated within Observing System Simulation Experiments designed
to explore ways to optimize the utility of the DWL observations.
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Proceedings Volume GEOSS, CEOS, and the Future Global Remote Sensing Space System for Societal Benefits, 715109 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.806534
The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) will provide long-term data
for a wide variety of communities. . To be meaningful and useful in the societal benefit
applications, the global satellite observations need continuous and consistent measurements,
which require improved cross instrument calibration and product validation. Cross-sensor
calibration/validation is necessary for achieving data continuity and consistency.
Several institutes and laboratories have been trying to plan and initiate the appropriate
processes to accomplish the calibration/validation indicated for the various measurements and
disciplines that will most likely be involved. EastFIRE Laboratory at George Mason University
(GMU) in the United States has been working on a cross-sensor calibration/validation system
during the past seven years, and has demonstrated the capability and performance of the system
for NPP/NPOESS prelaunch testing support. The EastFIRE cross-sensor calibration and
validation system can be further extended to include more sensors and measurements to support
the GEOSS communities in data consistency control and construction of long-term consistent
Climate Data Records (CDRs). The primary objectives of the present system expansion and
integration are:
1) to support satellite observation research and operations; 2) to support multiple sensor
cross-calibration and product cross-validation; 3) to support prelaunch testing and post-launch
validation of the next generation earth observation missions; and 4) to build global FCDRs
(Fundamental Climate Data Records) for the GEOSS communities using Sensor Data Records
(SDRs) from multiple sensors.
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Proceedings Volume GEOSS, CEOS, and the Future Global Remote Sensing Space System for Societal Benefits, 71510D (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.814573
The United States National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) will provide Earth
observations in both X-band and L-band direct broadcasts (DB) to the global direct readout (DRO) community.
NPOESS capabilities provide the Oceanic regions of the world with the ability to assess their regional environments
from space in near-real time by providing DRO capabilities for 41 HRD environmental data records (EDRs) to include
imagery, and relays from ARGOS Advanced Data Collection System
(A-DCS) sensor. Additionally, NPOESS provides
within the direct broadcast links dynamic mission support data (MSD) which updates more quickly than can be
accommodated through thrice annual software releases. MSD included within the links include weather forecast model
parameters and algorithm processing coefficients. The NPOESS data processing software will be made available free of
charge2 to the global community. Thus the NPOESS DRO mission will allow regional oceanic communities to compile
knowledge of their local environments by having an up to date understanding of developing weather systems for disaster
monitoring, an understanding of land and ocean environmental trends, and in-situ measurement retrieval from A-DCS
sensors. This information interpreted and understood by experts of the region allows for significant contributions to the
Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) goals and mission that are not otherwise possible within the large
oceanic community with limited communication resources.
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Proceedings Volume GEOSS, CEOS, and the Future Global Remote Sensing Space System for Societal Benefits, 71510F (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.804931
Earth observations have played an increasing role in informing decision making in the energy sector. In renewable
energy applications, spaceborne observations now routinely augment sparse ground-based observations for solar energy
resource assessment. As one of the nine Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS) societal benefit areas, the
enhancement of policy and management decision making in the energy sector is receiving considerable attention in
activities conducted by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). We describe current projects being
conducted by CEOS member agencies to partner with end-user energy decision makers to enhance their decision support
systems using space-based observations. These prototype projects have frequently been pursued through the Group on
Earth Observations (GEO) Energy Community of Practice and, more recently, in collaboration with the CEOS Energy
societal benefit area (SBA). Several case studies exhibiting the utility of Earth observations to enhance renewable energy
resource assessment, forecast space-weather impacts on the power grid, and optimize energy efficiency in the built
environment are discussed.
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Proceedings Volume GEOSS, CEOS, and the Future Global Remote Sensing Space System for Societal Benefits, 71510K (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.804983
The spatial data is important for researching atmospheric pollution by Geographic Information System and Remote
Sensing, and multi-grid shows important way on the global sharing, analysis and display. This paper reviews the recent
progress of monitoring atmospheric contamination, a new concept: spatial data based on multi-grid, using different size
grid in various scale research region in the same platform, and transform the conventional geo-spatial data into
multi-grid's geo-spatial data. As an application example, the authors construct of regional atmospheric pollution control
and decision support system with MODIS aerosol product and in-situ atmospheric pollution data in China as one of
social economic benefits in GEOSS.
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