Fast axial scanning for 2-photon microscopy using liquid lens technology

Kayvan Forouhesh Tehrani; Min Kyoung Sun; Lohitash Karumbaiah; Luke J. Mortensen

doi:10.1117/12.2252992

2 March 2017 Fast axial scanning for 2-photon microscopy using liquid lens technology

Kayvan Forouhesh Tehrani, Min Kyoung Sun, Lohitash Karumbaiah, Luke J. Mortensen

Proceedings Volume 10070, Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XXIV; 100700Y (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252992
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2017, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Scanning microscopy methods require movement of the focus in Z coordinates to produce an image of a 3-dimensional volume. In a typical imaging system, the optical setup is kept fixed and either the sample or the objective is translated with a mechanical stage driven by a stepper motor or a piezoelectric element. Mechanical Z scanning is precise, but its slow response and vulnerability to mechanical vibrations and stress make it disadvantageous to image dynamic, time-varying samples such as live cell structures. An alternative method less susceptible to these problems is to change the focal plane using conjugate optics. Deformable mirrors, acousto-optics, and electrically tunable lenses have been experimented with to achieve this goal and have attained very fast and precise Z-scanning without physically moving the sample. Here, we present the use of a liquid lens for fast axial scanning. Liquid lenses have a long functional life, high degree of phase shift, and low sensitivity to mechanical stress. They work on the principle of refraction at a liquid-liquid interface. At the boundary of a polar and an apolar liquid a spherical surface is formed whose curvature can be controlled by adjusting its relative wettability using electro-wetting. We characterize the effects of the lens on attainable Z displacement, beam spectral characteristics, and pulse duration as compared with mechanical scanning.

Citation Download Citation

Kayvan Forouhesh Tehrani, Min Kyoung Sun, Lohitash Karumbaiah, and Luke J. Mortensen "Fast axial scanning for 2-photon microscopy using liquid lens technology", Proc. SPIE 10070, Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XXIV, 100700Y (2 March 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252992

ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE

INSTITUTIONAL
Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.

SELECT YOUR INSTITUTION

PERSONAL
Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.

PERSONAL SIGN IN

No SPIE Account? Create one

PURCHASE THIS CONTENT

SUBSCRIBE TO DIGITAL LIBRARY

50 downloads per 1-year subscription

Members: $195

Non-members: $335 ADD TO CART

25 downloads per 1 - year subscription

Members: $145

Non-members: $250 ADD TO CART

PURCHASE SINGLE ARTICLE

Includes PDF, HTML & Video, when available