A CMOS-based high-resolution fluoroscope (HRF) detector prototype with 49.5 µm pixels for use in endovascular image guided interventions (EIGI)

M. Russ; A. Shankar; S. V. Setlur Nagesh; C. N. Ionita; D. R. Bednarek; S. Rudin

doi:10.1117/12.2253745

9 March 2017 A CMOS-based high-resolution fluoroscope (HRF) detector prototype with 49.5μm pixels for use in endovascular image guided interventions (EIGI)

M. Russ, A. Shankar, S. V. Setlur Nagesh, C. N. Ionita, D. R. Bednarek, S. Rudin

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Proceedings Volume 10132, Medical Imaging 2017: Physics of Medical Imaging; 101323W (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2253745
Event: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2017, Orlando, Florida, United States

Abstract

X-ray detectors to meet the high-resolution requirements for endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGIs) are being developed and evaluated. A new 49.5-micron pixel prototype detector is being investigated and compared to the current suite of high-resolution fluoroscopic (HRF) detectors. This detector featuring a 300-micron thick CsI(Tl) scintillator, and low electronic noise CMOS readout is designated the HRF- CMOS₅₀. To compare the abilities of this detector with other existing high resolution detectors, a standard performance metric analysis was applied, including the determination of the modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectra (NPS), noise equivalent quanta (NEQ), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) for a range of energies and exposure levels. The advantage of the smaller pixel size and reduced blurring due to the thin phosphor was exemplified when the MTF of the HRF-CMOS₅₀ was compared to the other high resolution detectors, which utilize larger pixels, other optical designs or thicker scintillators. However, the thinner scintillator has the disadvantage of a lower quantum detective efficiency (QDE) for higher diagnostic x-ray energies. The performance of the detector as part of an imaging chain was examined by employing the generalized metrics GMTF, GNEQ, and GDQE, taking standard focal spot size and clinical imaging parameters into consideration. As expected, the disparaging effects of focal spot unsharpness, exacerbated by increasing magnification, degraded the higher-frequency performance of the HRF-CMOS₅₀, while increasing scatter fraction diminished low-frequency performance. Nevertheless, the HRF-CMOS₅₀ brings improved resolution capabilities for EIGIs, but would require increased sensitivity and dynamic range for future clinical application.

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M. Russ, A. Shankar, S. V. Setlur Nagesh, C. N. Ionita, D. R. Bednarek, and S. Rudin "A CMOS-based high-resolution fluoroscope (HRF) detector prototype with 49.5μm pixels for use in endovascular image guided interventions (EIGI)", Proc. SPIE 10132, Medical Imaging 2017: Physics of Medical Imaging, 101323W (9 March 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2253745

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KEYWORDS

Sensors

Modulation transfer functions

X-rays

Spatial frequencies

Quantum efficiency

Scintillators

X-ray detectors

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