This paper presents an overview of impedance-based structural health monitoring, which has been pioneered by Inman and his research group. The basic principle behind this technique is to apply high frequency structural excitations (typically greater than 30 kHz) through the surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers, and measure the impedance of structures by monitoring the current and voltage applied to the piezoelectric transducers. Changes in impedance indicate changes in the structure, which in turn can indicate that damage has occurred. For the last two decades, extensive research works have been performed to various applications, including mechanical, aerospace and civil structural components. The technique has been also extended to piezoelectric sensor diagnostics, concrete cure monitoring, and biomedical applications. This paper presents the summary of how this technique has been evolved with the significant contribution by Inman.
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