This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10977, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Author and Conference Committee lists.

Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (PDLC) are composite materials consisting of small liquid crystal (LC) droplets surrounded by a polymer matrix. Due to their relatively easy preparation and processing, the PDLC devices found many applications such as displays, architectural windows, energy control devices, projection displays, spatial light modulators, polarizers.

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have excellent mobility and are suitable as doping nanoparticles in order to improve the electrically- controlled orientation of LC.

This paper presents the methods of preparation of PDLC doped with CNT. Experimental results are presented for the films obtained by solvent induced polymerization method, using polymethyl methacrylate and a nematic LC, E7. The obtained films are characterized by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and electro-optical transmission.

The paper presents main theoretical approaches allowing for calculation a set of optical forces and momentum in a birefringent plate. Total internal reflection at the “plate-air” interface implemented by the birefringent plate spattered with nanoparticles of gold creates the conditions for the allocation of the predominant action of the vertical spin of the evanescent wave, which has recently been predicted. The obtained results will be of vital importance in numerous areas where one operates with minute quantities of matter such as nanophysics, nanophotonics, precise chemistry and pharmacology etc.

The paper is an exploratory research regarding the identification of some of the basic ideas used to conceive solutions of general-defined problems. In this way, there is firstly presented the set of ideas used to choose the type of model to be developed. The general problem solver and the related problems are also presented in the paper. In this case there is used a greedy approach which may lead to large run time values of the according software. To significantly decrease the computer time used to solve such a problem, there is also presented a method used to minimize the search space of the candidate solutions, in this case being used an intelligent solver, that is more effective than the greedy method. Two examples of models based on the previously presented general directions are also given. The first example presents an algorithm used to solve an equilibrium problem in ship strength problems. The second example is in electronic engineering. The ideas presented in the paper are important to identify the concepts employed to design modeling strategies and also for the development of the original software instruments structured as reusable libraries.

The paper proposes a new application of the liquid thermoelectrics (LTE): the detection of phase transitions. Cr₂O₃ single crystal was selected as a sample, because it is a well-known antiferromagnetic material involved in a phase transition at a Neel temperature around 34°C. In order to detect its antiferro-paramagnetic phase transition, we used as a sensor a liquid thermoelectric material (octanol + 10^-2 mol/l tetrabutylammonium nitrate (TBAN)) with a Seebeck coefficient of about 4 mV/K. In the paper, the photothermoelectric (PTE) method, in back detection configuration was applied in order to obtain the critical behaviour of the static volume specific heat and dynamic thermal diffusivity, conductivity and effusivity of Cr₂O₃. Due to the fact that, usually, the Seebeck coefficient of the LTE materials is larger than that of solid TEs, a comparison with the same type of investigation, based on a solid thermoelectric sensor was performed. In the experimental arrangement proposed in the paper, no clear advantage of using LTE sensor was found; a new design of the PTE cell involving a direct sample/sensor thermal contact is necessary. A second comparison with the results obtained by using the classical photopyroelectric (PPE) method indicates that the PPE method is still more accurate for such type of investigations.

The increasing of popularity of implant treatments and the increasing number performed methods in recent time opens the new possibilities to use together the decontamination and adhesion of implant surface to the organic tissue. These studies are stimulated by a lot of incidence of short-term and long-term complications which took place in the last time. It is proposed a set of modern effects in the bimolecular interaction of radiation with the human organism in order to apply it in bioinformatics and modern medicine. Taking into consideration the advance equipment in photonics like photonic crystals and photonic-crystal fibre we are interested to use this optical systems in modern implants in order to treat the surface infection formed on the surface between the implant and cellular tissue in the process of poor adhesion. Considering the advanced equipments of modern photonics such as photonic crystals or photonic crystal fibers, we propose to use these optical systems in the controlling and managing of modern therapeutic implants. Such metamaterials like photonic crystals, each can be deposited on the implant surface and can be used as a dispersion of UV radiation on the large surface to treat infection on the surface between the implant and adhesion tissue. The adherence of implant to the human tissue may be accompanied to the growth of cells between the elements of bubble structure of implant surface. Here we have a possibility to restore periphery neuronal system in order to feel and to control the surface of the implant by the brain through our neuronal network.

We report the effect of the macrocyclic encapsulation on the photophysical properties of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-bithiophene) polyrotaxanes copolymers. The encapsulated compounds were synthesized by Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between 5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene (DBT) inclusion complexes in randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RM-βCD), 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl β-cyclodextrin (TM-βCD), 2,3,6-tri-O-trimethylsilyl β-cyclodextrin (TMS-βCD) or cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) with a bulky 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid bis(1,3-propanediol) ester (DF) as stoppers. These supramolecular compounds exhibited distinct improvement in the solubility, molecular weight, film forming ability, surface-morphological characteristics and reduced aggregation tendency compared to those of the neat compound. Also, the threading of conjugated backbones into macrocycles leads to an increasing environmental stability and resistance to quenching from impurities. Fluorescence emission (PL) shows vibronic transitions and a mono-exponential kinetics. The electrochemical data provided that the investigated compounds exhibited n- and p-doping processes. The encapsulation of DBT into TM-βCD or TMS-βCD cavities exhibits a greater effect on the LUMO, while the encapsulation into CB7 affects the HOMO energy levels. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels indicate that the investigated polyrotaxanes are electrochemically accessible as electron-transporting materials in electronic devices. Based on AFM analysis, polyrotaxane compounds exhibits a higher tendency to organize into fibers or linear ribbons.

The amorphous films show many physical properties which differ from the crystalline state. One of these is the optical transparency photoinduced by light with photon energies higher than optical bandgap. The phenomenon is especially large in amorphous chalcogenide films. However, the changes of optical constants are too small for optoelectronic applications. In this paper we consider structure were the amorphous As₂S₃ film is placed in a structure which forms a surface plasmon resonance structure. The reflected light is coupled with waveguide modes. The experimental studies show that high nonlinear changes may be achieved for the light intensity of 10- 12 mW when the incident angle is close to resonance. For some film thicknesses the SPR resonance was achieved with prism made from BK7 glass, which is important opportunity for applications.

In this paper we aim to develop a summer garment with improved ultraviolet (UV) protection. Due to its lightweight and breathability, cellulose-based viscose rayon was selected to be covered with inorganic ZnO film. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a modern technique that delivers uniform coatings with controlled thickness. Viscose fragments were evenly covered with ZnO at 120°C in high vacuum, and their properties were tested against UV exposure and wettability. Morphological examination conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis demonstrated the uniform deposition of ZnO onto the porous semi-synthetic material. The bond structure of cellulose-ZnO composite was assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). High wettability of viscose was restrained by the ZnO superficial layer, as revealed by contact angle measurements. Optical absorbance and transmittance evaluated by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) displayed the increase of the absorption peak below the 400 nm wavelength in dry and wet conditions, after the ZnO functionalization.

In this paper we propose the study of nanocomposites for white light emission in a semiconductor device, by incorporating the yttrium aluminum garnet doped with cerium ions (YAG:Ce³⁺), into a polymeric matrix of poly methyl methacrylate. The co-precipitation method was used for the synthesis of YAG:Ce yellow phosphor. The transition from the amorphous state to the crystalline was observed at a temperature of 1200°C. In order to obtain a better dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix has been chosen a capping agent. The structural analysis of the nanocomposite and the phosphor were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, morphological properties were investigated by scanning electron microscope, and photoluminescence spectrometry has highlighted the applicability of phosphors and, implicitly, of the nanocomposite for application in emitting optoelectronics.

The present paper focuses on the obtaining of ZnO in powder form with a limited distribution of the nanoparticle size using different types of surface-active agents and optimizing the synthesis conditions. The coprecipitation process was chosen for the ZnO powder synthesis in the absence and in the presence of surface-active agents, being considered one of the most common synthesis and processing methods for producing nanostructured materials. The use of agents consists in preventing the nanoparticle size growth, but also in stabilizing the aggregation trend effectively by controlling structural features and by reducing the oxygen bridge bonds between particles. The anionic surfactant (SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate) and the cationic surfactant (CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) were used to modify the size, morphology and surface properties of the precipitated nanoparticles. Based on the structural characterization by FTIR, XRD, morphology by SEM, as well as UV absorption and PL analyses of ZnO in various versions, the significant influence of agents on ZnO particles, as well as the correlation of optical systems properties with particles morphology and size was revealed. The development of this type of material encourages the uses in many applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other areas of modern science and technology.

Due to the honeycomb arrangement of carbon atoms, graphene exhibits unique properties, such as superior thermal conductivity, exceptionally large surface area and zero bandgap, and has become one of the fastest growing domains of scientific research. Many processes have been developed to obtain single layer graphene by chemical vapour deposition, but the main drawback of using graphene in large area industrial manufacturing processes is the transfer procedure from the transition metal to the target substrate. In the present paper we study the possibility to obtain single layer graphene by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on copper catalyst and transfer it to different substrates. The quality of CVD graphene on copper catalyst and on substrate target after transfer was evaluated from the structural (by Raman spectroscopy), morphological (by SEM) and optical properties (UV-VIS) point of view. The transfer process proposed in this paper enable the use of this type of material in applications such as pressure sensors and field effect transistors, when proper control of the graphene/substrate interface is very important.

The addition of silver ions in the structure of materials with medical uses is a relatively recent technique for orthopedic and maxillofacial reconstruction and aims to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination in the implant. In this paper are presented experimental results for two phosphocalcic glasses from SiO₂-CaO-P₂O₅ system. One of these compositions synthesized by the sol-gel method has been doped with silver. The unsoaked samples show specific spectra of the amorphous structures corresponding to glasses, such as calcium phosphates and calcium silicates. The only crystalline formations present in the glass doped silver structure was metallic silver, highlighted by the peaks at 37.9 2θ and 44.2 2θ, which gives of this composition as being part of glass-metal composite materials [1]. After soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF), both compositions exhibit bioactivity, formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the surface of the glasses, after the first 3 days, with an apparent maximum after 14 days. The silver doped sample has an increase in the number of HAp peaks and after 21 days of immersion, which confirms the assumption that the presence of silver ions increases the effect the bioactivity of the glasses [2]. These results are also confirmed by FTIR and SEM analysis.

During the last century, the synthetic dyes have taken a pivotal role in many domains. Part of this class is the Cochenille Red dye. It can be used as such for wool, nylon, silk, inks, paper, plastics, wood stains, leather tanning and processing. But still in the above mentioned fields it is used as well or even with much better results as ligand being complexed with different metal cations.

This domain has been approached by us in previous studies in various papers. The range of use areas is extended for foods drugs, cosmetics, hematology and histology stains and last but not least, in photography, too. Due to these multiple uses, we have found it useful to study its behavior in an acidic medium in the presence of an oxidizing agent. Chromate [Cr(VI)] and azo dyes like Cochenille Red are common pollutants which may co-exist in some industrial effluents.

The degradation kinetics of the oxidation process of Cochenille Red dye using inorganic oxidizing agent (K₂CrO₄) have been investigated under various experimental conditions: different concentrations of H₂SO₄ [10^-2 -5·10^-1 M ] and temperatures [296 and 308 K].

A kinetic model for oxidation of Cochenille Red dye by the combination of chromate was developed based on experimental results.

The thermodynamic activation energy was calculated from the rate constants of the oxidation process of the dye, measured at two different temperatures, 296 and 308 K. We concluded that the negative value of entropies of activation indicate that the reaction occurs between ions of similar charge.

Based on our experimental and literature data , we conclude that the destruction of azo-chromophore group by the inorganic oxidizing agent (K₂CrO₄) is explained by the highest oxidation state of this dye.

An curve-fitting method for accurate determination of optical constants and thickness is presented for chalcogenide glasses thin films. Optical constants and thickness of nanomultilayer chalcogenide structure As2S3:Mn-Se were obtained by Swanepoel method from transmission spectrum using PARAV software. Proposed curve-fitting method is based on numerical simulation of transmission spectrum based on film parameters obtained by Swanepoel method and comparison one with experimental transmission spectrum. It is shown that modeled spectrum is not fully corresponding to the original measured spectrum due to inaccurate absorption coefficient determination in the region of Urbach absorption. Adjusting of absorption spectrum with further numerical simulation of spectrum allows achieving the best correspondence to original transmission spectrum. It solves the problem of the accurate absorption coefficient calculation in the different absorption regions. Finally, dependencies of the absorption coefficient on wavelength of the nanomultilayer chalcogenide films structures were obtained from transmission spectra using the proposed method.

The Earth was and still is abundant in all domains of fructification and humans, from the beginning of time, tried to improve by different meanings the life on earth in order to reach superior living conditions. Thus, in the recent period, the advanced technologies are the main power of people for development and making daily activities easier, but the depletion of natural resources, the natural calamities and the increasing consumption led to awareness of citizens about the reuse and converting of agro-food industry wastes into valuable materials that could be exploited in new and better ways. Bio-waste capitalization is an attractive domain of research, due to the fact that many industries can use value-added products from agro-food side streams. The most of agro-food sector waste contribute to the main purpose of researchers for reducing the consumerism at big scale, to recover important bioactive compounds and to develop new value-added by-products with essential role in capitalization and minimization of wastes at global level. This work represents an exploration of agro-food wastes as an alternative resource implemented by biotechnology industry and a review about the advanced and fables green techniques adopted in the capitalization of agro-food wastes.

This paper presents the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from three different plants with numerous pharmacological benefits: Elderflower (Sambucus nigra L.), Acacia (Robinia pseudacacia L.) and Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) and also describes the chemical synthesis of two phthalocyanine derivatives: tetracarboxamido-zinc phthalocyanine ZnPc(CONH₂)₄ and octacarboxamido–zinc phthalocyanine ZnPc(CONH₂)₈, their physical – chemical characterization (e.g.: UV-Vis, FTIR) and the quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation. All the aqueous extracts are characterized by means of qualitative (e.g.: saponins, steroids, terpenoids, antraquinones, cardiac and anthraquinone glycosides, etc.) and quantitative (e.g.: total content of flavonoids, total content of terpenoids, total content of polyphenols, etc.) phytochemical screening using standard analytical methods and the results clearly show the presence of different bioactive compounds that play a key role in the reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles. Antioxidant activity of both aqueous extracts and metalic nanoparticles is measured and the formation of both metalic nanoparticles is confirmed by optical microscopy (OM) images. The easiest way to observe the formation of AgNPs and AuNPs is the visual change in color of the plant extract solutions which is then confirmed by recording the UV-Vis spectra. Biosynthesized silver and gold nanoparticles are compared to those obtained by classic chemical synthesis. AgNPs and AuNPs further react, for 96 hours and under constant stirring at room temperature, with the two Pcs to obtain complex nanoaggregate materials whose potential formation is analyzed by means of spectroscopic investigations (e.g.: UV-Vis, FTIR, DLS).

The SW150 and the new types SW180 of Electrically Conductive Adhesives (ECA) dedicated to printing circuits¹, meeting RoHS EU Directive², were used, according to REACH EU Regulation³, to bond optoelectronics components, LED type, on test printed circuit boards (TPCBs) having daisy chain interconnection structures. Mechanical properties of LEDs bonds function of temperatures by measuring shear forces applied on each of bonded LEDs maintaining TPCBs at different temperature from ambient to 398 K (125°C), were investigated. The shear forces measured values, the LEDs bonds micro sections and the microfractography after shear testes analyses and interpretations, facilitate the construction of a database that provides support for the development of temperature-sensitive optoelectronic device assembling solutions by bonding, using ECA. These solutions ensure avoidance of their functional temperature failures during classical assembly processes, comparing ECA curing and reflow temperatures.

The paper is concentrated on the study of basic properties of a nematic liquid crystal mixture with graphene nanoplatelets (GP). This analysis might provide valuable information about the anchoring forces of molecules on graphene surface and the possibility to control the alignment angle by GP concentration and the applied voltage. Freedericksz transition threshold was determined from the voltage dependence of the light intensity through the sample placed between crossed polarizers. The results indicated a decrease of the critical voltage when low amounts of graphene was added into the mixture (0.2%). For higher graphene concentration (0.9%), a different behavior of the mixture is observed suggesting a nanoplatelets clustering.

Raman and infrared spectroscopy are efficient methods for obtaining information on the local structure of the disordered material, especially, when the composition is varied. In particular, Micro-Raman spectroscopy have been used for study of the ternary Ge_xAs_xSe_1-2x glass system, for which different composition in dependence of it mean coordination number Z exists in different phases - floppy, intermediate and stressed rigid. In this paper we report experimental results and analysis of Micro-Raman spectra for both thermally as-deposited and for laser irradiated amorphous Ge_xAs_xSe_1-2x thin films (x=0.07; 0.09 and 0.14, with mean coordination number Z=2.21; 2.27 and 2.42, respectively), for which glassy system situated in the region of floppy and intermediate phases. It was shown that for all investigated samples the measured Micro-Raman spectra consists from three vibrational modes located at around ν=193 cm^-1, ν=255 cm^-1 and ν=475 cm^-1. It was shown that position and intensity of these vibrational bands slightly depend on the composition and of the material state (thin film or powder). It was established that for the Ge_0.14As_0.14Se_0.72 composition with the mean coordination number Z=2.42, situated in the region of intermediate phase, the probability of existence of the tetragonal (pyramids As(Se_1/2)₃ and tetrahedral structural units Ge(Se_1/2)₄ is the same. For all samples of the glass composition Ge_0.14As_0.14Se_0.72 the ratio of the intensity of both main vibration peaks centered at around ν =193 cm^-1 and ν =255 cm^-1 remain unchanged.

The paper presents our progress in using a THz -TDS system for spectral characterization of some organic substances. We try to develop a data base for substances from different domain that include in their category materials having a common characteristic: they are dangerous or they are even forbidden in their category of utilization. We have developed procedures for measuring the absorption spectra in quasi same conditions for all substances. Like this we have record absorption spectra for: food additives (azoic-dyes and fragrance), pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, herbicides) and some alcoholic polar substances (methanol, ethanol) etc. We have demonstrated that our measurements technology can be used not only for recording the spectra of the organic samples, but we can discriminate between different levels of concentration of the substances or even we detect the forbidden substances in an organic material.

In this paper we report some experimental results concerning the digital holographic measurements of optical fibers. The objective of this paper is to evaluate some basic parameters of a single-mode optical fiber, like: core and cladding diameter, core and cladding refractive index, numerical aperture of optical fiber and core and cladding refractive index profile through digital holographic measurements. These parameters are important from the point of view of their applications in telecommunication and sensing.

An image processing algorithm that improves the quality of Optical Coherence Tomographic (OCT) image by reducing its noise is presented. The algorithm consists of: bilateral, anisotropic, Gaussian unsharping mask filters and contrast stretch. A Michelson interferometer is used in the process of raw OCT images acquiring. The OCT configuration is driven by a swept optical source Superlum BS-840. Acquired raw OCT images are employed as input data to test the image process algorithm. Demonstrative images showing a comparison between raw OCT images and reconstructed images are presented.

This work presents the optical properties of periodically arranged gold nanostructured patterns drawn by direct laser writing in transparent polymer film and their effect on the color image. Optical properties of the patterned film combine the spectral response of its components revealing a “cut-off” filter behavior in 306-330 nm range and a considerable attenuation of transmission in the “green” region of the visible spectrum. A hyperspectral image processing algorithm depicts the colorchecker transformation accordingly to the filtering properties of the reflected components from the visible light spectrum of the patterned film. Demonstrative images are illustrated.

This paper presents electric and electro-optic studies conducted on a new composite, namely hydroxypropylcellulose network with liquid crystal fillings. The composite was manufactured using the electrospinning method, and deposited on indium tin oxide glass. In terms of electric characterization, the samples were subjected to impedance spectroscopy, their equivalent circuit model was deduced, and the corresponding electric parameters were computed based on the Cole-Cole diagrams and frequency plots of the two impedance components. In terms of electro-optic studies, the optical transmission of the sample under a varying steady-state alternative regime voltage was recorded, and the saturation threshold field was determined. Also, the switching times of the sample with respect to a step signal were determined.

We report the full electrical characterization of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), in which the photovoltaic (PV) effect can be observed, under a radiation field closely resembling the AM 1.5 solar spectrum, together with an estimation of the variation of the determined parameters in the 300-400K temperature ranges, based on the electrical model and theoretical estimation techniques. The current-voltage characteristic serves as both a proof-of-existence for the PV effect and a source for electrical parameter extraction. The devices exhibits promising efficiency and fill factors if operated at convenient temperatures.

System management defines the organization of information technology frameworks in a business data center. To be effective, a system management plan needs to deliver at their best the IT as a Service (ITaaS) and to allow the employees to respond in a rapid manner to the changing environment of a company. However, system management platforms deal with security breaches. Henceforth, the purpose of this paper is to present a solution that, with the aid of security models, there can be implemented a secure isolation. The designed security breach focuses the wireless communication protocols, showing that a Wi-Fi password can be hacked using a specialized software, such as Kali Linux. The analysis has been done on a well-known protocol used in Internet of Things (IoT) device management, called Lightweight Machine to Machine (LwM2M). For securely using LwM2M within a virtualized environment, On Demand Secure Isolation (ODSI) proposes Kali Linux for LwM2M's security bugs, as well as a solution for system management protection. The chosen security models that will be described are the Network Manager, the Keyring Manager and the Administration Manager.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) affect human health in various forms depending on the type of compound (benzene, formaldehyde, etc.). These compounds range from toxic to very toxic, and human health depends on the level and duration of exposure to these toxic pollutants. The adverse effects of long-term human exposure affect kidney and liver, nervous system, and in the case of short-term impacts affect eyes and memory. The purpose of the article is to assess current sensor technologies which allow measuring VOCs concentrations in exposed areas and to analyze the health impacts of vulnerable groups, elderly and children. Measurements are performed using the Libelium sensor. Using relevant statistic indicators on a variate set of measured metrics, we made an appreciation of the correlation between the analysis of value measurement with Libelium sensors installed indoor of a building in two separate rooms and appreciated the relevance of the measured values.

Long Range technology (LoRa) is a technology used in the current Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The frequency supported by this network is around 433Mhz, 868MHz or 956Mhz. This type of network uses the Frequency Shifting Keying and has a small error rate. Moreover, LoRa has the advantage that it is a platform for long-distance communication and another factor is that it has a long-term battery performance. We will present an architecture based on LoRa Gateway which will be connected to PyCom. We will use as well specific gas sensors which will measure the quality of the air. This architecture will be connected to a breadboard with different types of gas sensors to collect data about the air pollutants.

The following paper presents an analysis of a resonant based, inductive power transfer system and several practical considerations on its design. The system operates in the 500 W – 11.5 kW power range in a frequency range of 20 kHz – 100 kHz. The desired result is a charging system that is able to charge industrial drones with an efficiency of over 70% at 15 to 30 cm which is 70 cm by 35 cm.

The recently implemented 4G network meets nowadays the necessities of a world in a continuous development. Among the new technologies introduced by this standard is the one in which multiple antennas are used at the receiver and at the transmitter ends (MIMO) in order to increase the overall system performances. Massive MIMO is an evolved version of the conventional MIMO that uses a significantly larger number of antennas at the transmitter / receiver. This technology will be included in the much-discussed 5G standard. Another technology that is present in 4G/5G standards is the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), which is a modulation technique where the information is arranged in blocks of information symbols that are transmitted in parallel on orthogonal subcarriers, as well as new low complexity / high performances encoding techniques. In order to study the enhancement brought by these technologies, in this paper, we propose an uplink Massive MU-MIMO OFDM-based system with low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding used by multiple users which are active simultaneously, when the number of Base Station (BS) antennas varies from 10 to 100. Based on this proposed structure, the transmitter, receiver and communication channel will be simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation are under development to evaluate the system performances in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) as a function of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).

An indoor localization and monitoring system for equipment and people is an important issue in production area monitoring and offices, lab research, etc. Although several monitoring systems are currently under development by previous investigators, these issues remain significant difficulties. For instance, the pyroelectric IR (PIR) system provides less accurate information of human location and is restricted when there are multiple targets. Also, the RFID localization system is constrained by its limited accuracy. In this study, we propose an indoor localization and monitoring system based on a network of PIR sensors and RFID sensors – a sensory fusion system. A sensor-network based localization method called the PIR-RFID inference algorithm is under development. This algorithm determines the fused position from both the PIR localization system and RFID signal localization system, which utilize the received signal strength propagation model. We have developed and experimentally demonstrated a networked sensory fusion system, which can be successfully applied in localize multiple targets - equipment and people. With an accurate localization mechanism for the indoor environment, the provision of appropriate tasks / services can be built for each modeled situation.

What is new in this system, as an evolved sensory fusion system, is that the entire system has been designed and built according with specific requests of a real life situation, as standalone system, on its own, that is, regardless of the other systems a production area / shop floor / equipment a building can have. This system can interact with practically any systems at any level and can be adapted to virtually any existing building system.

Among the anticipated benefits of collision warning and avoidance system is the potential reduction in traffic collisions, casualties due to traffic accidents are increasing day by day (and resulting deaths, injuries, and costs) caused by human-driver errors, such as delayed reaction time, tailgating, rubbernecking, and other forms of distracted or aggressive driving. Automotive radar systems using integrated 10s GHz radar sensor techniques are currently under development. This paper describes a radar solution consisting of four sensors distributed behind the front bumper of an experimental car. Each single sensor measures the target range within a certain degree of accuracy. The system was tested in real situations for driving aid, autonomous emergency brake system, parking aid and stop and go applications.

The novelty is that this system, as an evolved autonomous emergency brake system, parking aid and stop and go system has been designed and built as standalone system, on its own, that is, regardless of the other systems a vehicle can have. This system can interact with practically any systems at any level and can be adapted to virtually any existing brake system.

The present study reports experimental measurements for the determination of radiant electromagnetic fields, both in the low frequency range (0-100 kHz) and in the high frequency (0,1-3.000 MHz) range. Using dedicated analyzers and antennas, the authors measured the intensity of the electric field (V/m), the magnetic induction density (Tesla) and the power radiation density (W/m2) in both absolute and relative values [1], [2].

The investigations took into account the persistence of electromagnetic pollution sources in the production hall in low frequency range: transformers, distribution cabinets, power switching devices or in high frequency range: switches and racks, Wifi emitters, GSM antennas. The obtained results with peak, average and r.m.s. detectors and filtering procedure are interpreted in correlation with the limit values specified in the ICNIRP standards for public and occupational areas (Tab.1).

The paper presents an applicative set-up for quality control of a concrete tiles manufacturing line. The quality control is performed by optical inspection using Labview and Vision builder.

The tiles optical control intends to detect the correctness of the objects following two parameters: the colour and the geometrical dimensions. We used MyRIO - a real-time embedded evaluation board made by National Instruments [2] for the tile diagnosis.

An automatic tester was developed for optical fiber transmission system over its performance parameters during optical fiber lifetime. For this purpose, we have designed a signal conditioning module for fiber optic waveguides. For sending and receiving data over optical fiber we have used a typical TTL adapter built with MC10H116 (a triple differential amplifier designed for use in sensing differential signals over long lines). A microcontroller- based system is used to measure the correspondence between a sending and receiving of a string sequence over a glass optical fiber probes. The measurements prove the “aging” of the fibers, with deterioration of the speed parameter.

This present paper approaches the field of methods of measurement of electrical parameters of solid polymer materials, using new techniques to ensure high level accuracy as well as controlling and minimizing errors. To achieve this goal we designed an original measuring stand with a single microwave oscillator and two measuring arms. Using this measurement method, it is possible to control and eliminate the amplitude variations, depending on the frequency variations of the Gunn diode, so that for any microwave frequency range 8.5 - 9.5 GHZ, the amplitude of the input signal in the measuring system is kept constant. The measurement installation is intended for microwave absorption measurements for electrically insulating solid polymeric substances.

The paper approaches the process of testing for analogue quality transmission over plastic optical fiber (POF) system. For this purpose, we have designed a transmitting/ receiving interface built around TO082 (a wide bandwidth dual JFET input operational amplifier, with low input current and voltage noise), with programmable amplification controlled by microcontroller. A signal generator injects standard audio signal and the microcontroller evaluates the attenuation caused by the POF in the case of new, and five-year use of optical fiber. The measurements prove the "aging" of the fibers, with deterioration of the attenuation parameter.

In this paper we performed an experimental study of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) unit cell having single serpentine type channels for laminar flow of air at cathode and hydrogen at anode using a BEKKTECH BT-552 PEM fuel cell station (USA). Measurements have been collected at two different cathode backpressures of 20 kPa and 50 kPa, for the same anodic backpressure of 400 kPa at an operating temperature of 80°C. Humidified volumetric flow rates of H₂ and air were maintained at 200 sccm and 800 sccm, respectively, with the help of two mass flow controllers. Cell voltage variations of current density loads between 50 mA/cm² and 1000 mA/cm² revealed the air stoichiometry point at which voltage oscillations dropped to negative values, due to air starvation. Another measurements of the PEMFC system voltage, at a constant load of 500 mA/cm² and an air stoichiometry of 3.9 indicated non-uniform oscillations of the cell voltage for a cathodic backpressure of 50 kPa, with maximum peak-to-peak amplitudes ten times bigger than those registered in the case of the test at 20 kPa.

This paper presents a method for 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocanabinol (THC-COOH) quantification from urine samples, for doping control purposes. The method involves gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Considering the complexity of the urine matrix, this technique allows for an improved selectivity, compared to the previously used gas chromatography – single quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Technical Documents are imposing a threshold of 150ng/mL, a maximum combined standard uncertainty at threshold of 10% and calibration range between 50%-200% of the threshold. The method developed has been proved to be fit for purpose, with a combined standard uncertainty at the threshold of 7.61%.

The optical properties of single-layer graphene-water complex with the help of powerful laser beam were investigated. According to the investigation an increase of light absorption by the sample was observed. Two possible causes of such anomalous absorption were considered: the doping process of single-layer graphene by the water molecules, and the scattering of optical radiation by microbubbles formed as a result of heating process of the monolayer. The obtained results demonstrated their simultaneous action.

Application of various analytical techniques for the study of some objects or parts of the objects belonging to museum collections has been made since the 19th century, generally by the application of some classical analytical techniques to provide answers to questions of the historians. In the last century, powerful tools for developing an independent domain of science, archaeometry (application of scientific techniques to the analysis of archaeological materials) have been developed. Analytical techniques based on ionizing radiations, such as particle induced X-Ray emission, X-ray diffraction or X-ray fluorescence are some of the most important analytical techniques which can be used as nondestructive techniques with the possibility to provide information about the morphology or the structure of the samples. Determination of the surface corrosion layers and composition is important both for identifying compounds that form different alloys (which can be considered support material for important objects, such as numismatic artifacts), and also for their conservation.

The global pharmaceutical and phytopharmaceutical industry has been developing compounds for over a century, but many of these never get to market. The evolution of bacteria strains resistant against multiple antibiotics prompted scientists and medical experts to look for antimicrobial alternatives. Nowadays, nanotechnology offers solution to different problems: from nano-sensors or nanocarrier to nanoparticles used in coatings or drugs. In the last years, there has been a great interest in obtaining and characterizing metallic nanoparticles using the routes of green chemistry, in order to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and the environment. The present work aims to review our group’s experience in the field of phytosynthesized nanoparticles, in terms of phytosynthesis, characterization and evaluation of their possible applications, especially focusing on their antimicrobial properties.

An intelligent network represents a generic concept of implementing some telecommunication networks with configurations that are independent of the quality service type offered to the user. Likewise, this concept defines the possibility to offer new services, without extensively intervening into the architecture of the support network.

This paper will focus on concepts, architectures, as well as identification and evaluation methods of risks and threats represented by the threats posed to security and quality of the intelligent networks, like they were defined by the international organization for standardization. There will be analyzed an environment consisting of a set of interconnected intelligent networks (networks operated by different providers of service/ different network operators, having their own security policies and quality insurance, and independent form one another) and an analysis will be performed (definition of the threats, evaluation of the impact, methods of putting into practice, definition of the possible countermeasures) of the threats which address these interconnected environments.

Relying on the list of possible threats, after doing research, there will be proposed a method of analysis and evaluation of the security risks emerged into the system along with the existence of these threats. The following services are considered the best option of advanced services implementation within the intelligent networks: possible threats, risks, security mechanisms.

With the emergence of LEDs, the conventional incandescent or fluorescent lighting solutions tends to be replaced by LED lighting systems. Historically, the lighting system was invented before radio communications, therefore its infrastructure is more widespread and simpler. One property of the conventional lighting sources is that the optical radiation emitted by them cannot be switched on and off fast. In the latest trends in high-speed communication, LED lighting solutions are used to transfer data. This field is known as Visible Light Communications (VLC). In previous work, the authors investigated the available bandwidth of four power LEDs¹ that could be used for VLC systems. A typical low pass filter cutoff frequency identification procedure was used. For a complete characterization, the authors propose to determine the available bandwidth by investigating the switch-on time. The paper investigates the response time of power LEDs by studying four different LEDs: green, red, infrared and white. The LED driver circuit was especially designed for this application because it required very fast switch-on time.

Energy harvesting represents an important option for supplying modern Internet of Things devices. Usually, a large part of the harvested electric energy must be stored for later use so rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors play an important role in the energy harvesting system and their performance has a great impact on system performance. Analyzing the parameters of these storage devices is the motivation of the presented work - an embedded module that monitors and logs currents and voltages during charging and discharging of supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries. The same module can trace the I-V curve for a solar cell in order to find its maximum power transfer point. The module is based on a high performance microcontroller with integrated communication capabilities and stores the measured data in a flash memory that can be read over the serial interface. The paper presents aspects of designing and implementation as well as different tests performed on several solar cells, NiMH and LiIon rechargeable batteries.

The most usual performance evaluation for a CPU(Central Processing Unit) is the amount of time needed to execute a certain algorithm. In a similar way, this concept can be extended to microcontrollers. This paper presents an analysis of different CPU load algorithms executed on Microchip 8-bit microcontrollers. This analysis is based mainly on execution time measurements. Based on these details, original contributions to this paper are: the design of some CPU load algorithms, the developing of the software for the microcontrollers used in the experiments and the experimental results regarding the presented algorithms.

Cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) is a protein with molecular weight of 39.7 kDa that is involved in the regulation mechanism of cardiac muscle contraction and exclusive infarction originates. CTnT measurement of human serum is superior in terms of sensitivity and specificity of the identification of heart muscle enzymes measurements of heart muscle damage [2, 3]. Elevated cardiac troponin is now accepted as standard biochemical marker for myocardial infarction. The article shows a rapid test immunochromatographic with the help of optopelectronic module for fluorescence using quantum dots (QDs) of cadmium telluride (CdTe), that binding molecules with cardiac troponin T [1, 4]. This method it uses to detect the acute myocardial infarction (AMI-DETECT) and it provides faster biomarkers detection with higher sensitivity and specificity. For quantitative determination through fluorescent of bio-surfaces we realized both bio-surfaces and apparatus of fluorescence and the article presents some practical results obtained from effectuated experiments [4].

Underwater digital communication and sonars rely on basic signal detection. The problem with underwater signal detection is that of the extremely expensive equipments. In this paper we propose both a low cost solution for signal detection, which practically consists in integrating and adapting the already existing equipments and methods for underwater noise analysis.

A new coordinate organic compound (COC) Eu(DBM)₃(Ph₃PO)₁H₂O was synthesized and investigated (DBM stands for 1,3-Diphenyl-1,3-propanedione and Ph₃PO for triphenylphosphine oxide). The size of obtained Eu(DBM)₃(Ph₃PO)₁H₂O powder nanocrystals is around 50 nm. Under ultraviolet light excitation, the material exhibits an abundant and pure red color photoluminescence (PL). The PL spectrum measured in the range of 500 - 750 nm has a number of narrow (atomic) emission lines with FWHM less than 10 nm, which are assigned to the energy transitions ⁵D₀→⁷F_i (i = 0,1,2,3,4) in the 4f – shell of the Eu³⁺ ion. PL experimental results and its kinetics were analyzed using the theory of Judd-Ofelt's parametric method and the characteristic parameters were obtained: the lifetime τ, quantum efficiency η, and transitions probability of electrical dipoles A_ij.

A method is described for the generation of micrometer-sized vapor-gas bubbles in a water suspension containing absorptive pigment nanoparticles. The diluted suspension absorbs the continuous laser radiation (wavelength 808 nm), and each particle in the best illuminated volume serves a bubble-nucleation center. The bubbles can stably exist within or near the illuminated area where their location is governed by the competition between thermal and optical forces and can be controlled via the laser beam parameters. The method enables controllable creation, support, prescribed transportation and destruction of the bubbles.

It is proposed a quantum system formed from two coupled cavities, doped with radiators in two-level approximations. The coupling between cavities is realized by a semitransparent common mirror. The common mirror is subjected to induced classical vibrations. It is demonstrated that the vibrations influence the quantum entanglement between the atoms placed in different optical cavities. The exact solution of the Schrodinger equation was obtained. The influence of classical vibration of the mirror on the transfer of energy from one cavity to another was analyzed. The possibility to control the quantum correlation between atoms opens a new perspective of utilization of optical cavities for quantum information processing.

The theoretical and experimental confirmation of the existence of a transverse spin momentum in an evanescent wave excited above the surface of a birefringent biological section is suggested in this research work. The possibility of controlling gold nanoparticles by the vertical spin of an evanescent wave in a surrounding fluid of tissue near the surface layer of the section is demonstrated.

The bound states of two interacting two-dimensional magnetoexcitons with electrons and holes on the lowest Landau levels (LLLs) moving in-plane of the layer with equal but opposite oriented wave vectors and forming a molecular-type structures with the resultant wave vector ^→k = 0 were investigated. Four possible spin structures of two electrons and of two holes forming the bound states were considered. Two of them lead to the formation of the para and ortho magnetoexcitons in the presence of the electron-hole (e-h) Coulomb exchange interaction. In this case we have studied the interaction of two para magnetoexcitons and of two ortho magnetoexcitons with the resultant spin equal to zero. Another two variant, are actual when the Coulomb exchange e-h interaction is negligible small and the spin of two electrons separately and the effective spin of two holes are interconnected and forms the singlet or the triplet states with zero spin projections on the magnetic field direction. The spin states of the four particles were constructed combining the singlet two electron state with the singlet two hole state as well as the triplet two electron state with the triplet two hole state. Only the bound states of two electrons and of two holes with singlet-singlet and with triplet-triplet spin structures were studied. It was shown that the spin structure of the type singlet-triplet and triplet-singlet do not exist due to the hidden symmetry of the magnetoexcitons. The orbital structure of the 2D magnetoexciton with wave vector ^→k ≠ 0 is similar with an in-plane electric dipole with the dipole moment perpendicularly oriented to the wave vector. The bimagnetoexciton with resultant wave vector ^→k = 0 is composed from two antiparallel oriented electric dipoles moving with antiparallel wave vectors ^→k ≠ 0. Their relative motion in the frame of the bound states is characterized by the variational wave functions φ_n(^→k) depending on the modulus ^→k. It was shown that the stable bound state in the lowest Landau levels approximation do not exist in four investigated spin combinations. Instead of them a deep metastable bound state with an activation barrier comparable with the ionization potential of the magnetoexciton with ^→k = 0 was revealed in the triplet-triplet spin configuration. Its orbital structure in the momentum space representation is characterized by the maximal exciton density on the in-plane ring and with zero density in the center.

In the paper, direct current conductivity of percolation channels in composite cellulose - insulating oil - water nanodrops, was analyzed. Number of nanodrops in macroscopic length channel (on the order of a few millimeters) is about 10⁶. In such nanocomposites below the percolation threshold, direct current conduction takes place by electron tunneling between the potential wells generated by the nanoparticles of the conducting phase. On the basis of the tunneling mechanism, percolation channel resistance was calculated in which the nanoparticles are randomly distributed. Gauss probability distribution of the distances between neighboring nanodrops was used for the calculations. The standard deviation of the average distance between neighboring nanodrops was chosen as the disorder factor. It was established that the percolation channel resistance value is lowest in the case of regular distribution of the nanodrops. With the increase in disorder, which is characterized by an increase in the standard deviation value, the resistance of the percolation channel increases.

In the paper presents compares the DC conductivity of the synthetic ester MIDEL 7131 and electrical pressboard Weidman companies impregnated with the same synthetic ester with a different moisture contents. Thee study of thee conductivity for both materials were made for the measuring temperature in the range of 20°C to 80°C and measuring voltages 10 V. In the Arrhenius plots for both materials were been performed linear approximations off experimental results. On the basis of Arrhenius plots for the ester and the sample for the pressboard, the value of the activation energy of the DC conductivity and the determination coefficient R² was determined. The value of the determination coefficient close to one indicates the high accuracy of conductivity measurements. Comparing the activation energy value of the DC conductivity for synthetic ester and pressboard impregnated with the same ester, it can be concluded that the conduction in pressboard is not caused by the presence of ester in the pressboard.

The article presents the effect of pressure on the bubble effect in moist paper-oil insulation. In order to investigate the influence of pressure on the bubble effect, a measurement stand was made and experiments were carried out on electrotechnical pressboard with a humidity of 3.5%. It was observed that water boiling in pressboard is already present at a pressure of about 500 hPa for a temperature of 21°C which, taking into account the properties of nanoparticles may be evidence of the presence in pressboard nanodrops of water.

Nanostructured multicomponent (TiAlSiY)N coatings were fabricated by the vacuum-arc cathodic evaporation (CAPVD). The bias potential was -200 V and -500 V during the deposition process. The nanograin structure with small average crystallite size of about 7.5 nm and [110] preferred orientation were observed in the coatings deposited at high substrate bias (-500 V). Crystallites of about 41.6 nm in size and a preferred orientation with [111] axis were formed in coatings when the bias was -200 V. In this case, the nanostructured coating demonstrated the maximum hardness H = 49.5 GPa (superhardness). Additionally, the studied samples exhibited high abrasion and crack resistance, low wear at tribological tests. The testing of a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutter plate covered with (TiAlSiY)N coating fabricated at -200 V revealed an increase in the coefficient of resistance during cutting by 1.66 times in comparison with the base tool material.

The problem of noise introduced by optocouplers has been well documented and should be a concern for electronic designers. The paper investigates the effect of phase jitter introduced by optocouplers into systems that are sensitive to this type of noise, mainly paying attention to RFID systems.

In the work, the density of energy states in the valence band of metallic phase nanograins spherical shape with diameters from 1 to 50 nm was calculated. It was found that the energy distances between neighboring energy states in the valence band of metallic phase nanograins are from 0.1 to 2·10^-6 eV for the above-mentioned diameter range. There are many orders larger distance, than characteristic for macroscopic-sized metal, the value of which is approximately 10-22 eV. The calculations show that in nanocomposites consisting of metallic phase nanograins with dimensions below 20 nm placed in a dielectric matrix with high resistivity, there is no characteristic for the macroscopic dimensions band conductivity at low temperatures. The results of the calculation of the distance between neighboring energetic states in the valence band of metallic phase nanograins are consistent with the values obtained experimentally.

Although human evolution was primarily driven and inspired by observing nature and natural phenomena, little to no effort was allocated to finding ways in which we can integrate the solutions nature has to offer in the way we organize ourselves as a society and the way we make decisions as individuals or groups. Decision making, as a concrete manifestation of our will, is the fundamental process that allows for meaningful change to happen. Optimizing the way we make decisions and creating correlations between the decisions we make, the actions implied by those decisions and the effects the actions bring on the governed body (individual or group) will allow us to improve both the way we make decisions and the outcome of our decisions, while at the same time help us to identify the primary directives that need to be considered as fundamental parameters when making decisions that affect organic life, with the intention of reaching a consensus, in the form of a universal wise normative that will be unanimously accepted by all humans regardless of gender, nationality, religion etc. For such a consensus to be found we need to identify the natural distinctions that give life its diversity but at the same time acknowledge and understand the existence of the point where everything converges to form a unified and heterogenetic organism. For this scope we will present the solutions nature offers that can be integrated into an actual platform that will fundamentally change the way we govern ourselves as a society and as individuals.

Study and analysis of container ship roll motions in adverse weather conditions remains an important issue for research in maritime industry as this aspect continue to expose the ships to dangerous situations that leads to loss of ships and cargoes. Once high and dangerous roll motions are developed, especially by the ships with large flares fore and aft, as container ships, it generates accelerations in the lashing equipment that exceeds the threshold values, leading to collapse of container stows as well as loos of containers overboard. In this paper is presented the results of the analysis of a container ship roll motions in adverse weather conditions in a particular area of navigation from North Atlantic Ocean. The analysis is based on a real case scenario of a container ship casualty occurred in a very common navigation route, generated by high roll motions and resulted in the collapse of container stows and a massive loss of containers overboard. The aim of this paper is to identify the causes and analyse the factors that generated the dangerous situation and the casualty. The simulations carried out and presented in this paper were performed by using the OCTOPUS Office 6 (AMARCON) software that can reveal the response on the ship in modelled energy spectrum environmental conditions. The results will lead to a better understanding of the root causes that generated the exposure of the ship to such dangerous situation and can be used as recommendations in order to avoid similar situations in the future.

A thorough analysis reveals that the approximation theory has various applications in the computer aided engineering. The early ideas about approximation and spline functions were related to the graphical aspects in the general design of a motor vehicle¹. Since then, the ideas evolved together with the tremendous progress of the computer science which offered software platforms with advanced numerical methods’ solvers. Beside the original computer instruments we developed, a far better idea is to gather ‘la crème de la crème’, the best of the best software concepts and solutions in a unique strategy of development. This meta-level of understanding and integration is useful for the rapid development of computer based hybrid models to be used in complex research problems. We consequently selected GNU OCTAVE as a scientific programming platform which might provide the solutions (in various forms) of the interpolation problems using spline functions. The initial solution⁴ was constantly upgraded with respect to the context of the case studies to be solved. After 98 interpolation problems solved over 5 years, new important facilities were added to the initial software solution. The main directions are: generalization of the program which should not include case studies dedicated sequences (no hard coded sequences), several and more reliable links to upper level applications and new facilities used to control the aspect of the graphical output because the visual control may evaluate the output data in a more effective way than the mathematical/technical conditions. The upgraded version of the software may be considered a milestone in the progress of the ‘general modeling original platform development’ concept⁹.

The present paper aims to investigate convective thermal transfer through polysynthetic porous media. The present analysis takes into account the fact that the most important transformations take place at the interface between these porous media and the wall of the flat micro heat pipes (FMHP). In order to develop the thermal transfer models, various surfaces of the polysynthetic material were mapped by aid of laser profilometry. This allowed for accurate measurements of the polysynthetic material dimensions, which permitted to determine several characteristic parameters for the convective thermal transfer process. Thus, in a first stage, the total thermal transfer coefficient was determined for the porous medium, as well as the Nusselt numbers corresponding to liquid diffusion in porous copper and polysynthetic media. The coefficient of the maximum pressure gradient was also computed for unitary speed amplitude for the fluid motion through the boundary layer. The present paper examines the phase shift between the pressure gradient and the liquid velocity through the boundary layer as well as the viscous Basset forces due to the crossing of the boundary layer. Particular attention is paid to calculating the friction coefficients of the liquid flowing through the porous media.

At present, many of the cooling systems for optoelectronic components employ flat micro heat pipes (FMHPs) that use acetone, methanol and distilled water as working fluids. The present paper illustrates research conducted regarding the behavior of FMHPs with acetone when heat transfer intensification methods are employed with the purpose of increasing cooling efficiency. Investigations aimed to obtain a cooling intensification in FMHP’s vaporization area by means of two methods. The first method consists of using a moistened polysynthetic material, pressed by a shape memory lamella when the FMHP overheats. The second method consists of direct injection of a coolant in the vaporization area. Temperature variation was computed in the vaporizer wall after adding the coolant fluid. Also, the temperature variation is modeled numerically by aid of Mathcad with acetone considered as the working fluid. In order to verify the analytical and numerical results, experimental investigations were also conducted. Experimental results illustrate the temperature evolution in time within the vaporization and condensation areas when extra fluid is added, in the case of acetone as coolant agent. The present work illustrates the behavior particularities of a FMHP working with acetone when the extrafluid is used for cooling of the vaporization area.

The study of conductive-convective heat transfer for a flat plate with an internal heat source ^1-4, generally makes use of dedicated differential equations or differential equations systems. To solve the operational calculation, integral transformations can be introduced. This creates an advantage in solving the equations and differential systems in the sense that they are reduced to solving some equations or systems of algebraic equations, which are, at least in theory, easier to solve. The conductive-convective heat transfer phenomenon involves the use of independent and time-dependent variables (t < 0). The Laplace transform introduces an alternative method in solving the differential equations and systems that describe this phenomenon. The purpose of the present analysis is to determine the temperature variation within the flat plate as a function of time and the position inside the plate for the said heat transfer, T(x,y,t). The presented case analysis considers a heat conducting plate in a three-dimensional Euclidean space^5-8, but for simplification, only the displacement along the y direction will be used. The analysis of the temperature field propagation within the plate is done convective, with heat release to the environment. For the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the heat transfer model, the plate is meshed on the x, y coordinates and the resulting data used as input to a Matlab model.

Due to the continuous miniaturization of new generation electronic equipment the lack of space is a factor that imposes important constraints on the cooling equipment. This requirement, combined with the ever increasing amount of heat generated by electronic components, led to the development of new cooling devices such as micro heat pipes with micro and nano-channels, that make use of various work liquids.

By comparison to classical solutions, where certain heat elimination processes require substantial energetic input, the cooling solutions offered by heat exchangers with heat pipes offer a great advantage in the sense that they can transfer important heat fluxes by aid of a working fluid hermetically enclosed in a constant volume chamber.

The present work aims to model some of the state parameters that define phase changes taking place during heat transfer within flat micro heat pipes (FMHPs) that use acetone as a working fluid. Modeling results for the equivalent thermal conductivity in the vaporization region of the FMHP are presented. It was found that FMHP design must take into account the phase changes of the liquid by report to the heat flux and the overall length, as these parameters have an important influence on the FMHP efficiency.

The recursive least-squares (RLS) is a very popular adaptive algorithm, which is widely used in many system identification problems. The performance of the algorithm is controlled by two important parameters, i.e., the forgetting factor and the regularization parameter. The forgetting factor controls the “memory” of the algorithm and its value leads to a compromise between low misadjustment and fast convergence. The regularization term is required in most adaptive algorithms and its role becomes very critical in the presence of additive noise. In this paper, we present the regularized RLS algorithm and we develop a method to find its regularization parameter, which is related to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Also, using a proper estimation of the SNR, we present a variable-regularized RLS (VR-RLS) algorithm.

This paper extends some previous studies regarding the interference in 802.11 Wi-Fi communications that affects the channel throughput, and also increases the losses of packets that are exchanged on a network, as well as the jitter.

The continuous development of mobile communications and the reduce of the costs in achieving data services has led to an increasing number of users and associated services that can improve professional and day by day activities.

An increasing number of devices are using the 802.11 Wi-Fi standard to communicate which often leads to a busy spectrum with delays and low throughput caused by the interference of adjacent channels and Bluetooth transmissions.

My contribution is related to a different approach in identifying sources of interference in Wi-Fi communications and also other sources based on communication standards that are using the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (2.4 GHz). This approach focuses on generating traffic on different networks using commercial hardware in the presence of single and multiple interference sources.

The study demonstrates the influence of the interference factor which appears when ordinary devices are sharing the same band although they are not using the same communication standard everytime.

Today issue of security becomes luma increasingly important, with implications for all sectors of activity. Reported at the scientific aspect, user identification is the primary objective under which access into buildings, financial, information, transport, health, etc. In this regard, the physical and/or behavior characteristics could be utilized to identify/verify the subject of interest. The palmprint biometrics have demonstrated their applicability as a successful biometric modality by using various feature extraction techniques. An original method of the individual identified by the analysis of the characteristics of main lines (topological size and planar arrangement) of ordinary video images is described in this paper. The method involves the use of specific methods from microwave engineering to evaluation of the main line morphometry that are modeled using microstrip lines. Also, this proposed method could be used to evaluate the vein characteristics from infrared palm images.

Off-axis lensless holography is considered with a sinusoidal phase modulation at the object plane. The variational algorithm for phase and amplitude reconstruction is based on the algorithm proposed in the paper ¹[V. Katkovnik, I. A. Shevkunov, N. V. Petrov, and K. Egiazarian, “Wavefront reconstruction in digital off-axis holography via sparse coding of amplitude and absolute phase”, Opt. Lett. 40, 2417-2420 (2015)]. The forward wavefront propagation is modelled using the Fourier transform with the angular spectrum transfer function. The multiple intensities (holograms) recorded by the sensor vary in dependence to the angle of the phase diffraction grating. The i.i.d. Gaussian noise is added to observations to make them closer to real experimental conditions. The root mean square error (RMSE) values of the phase reconstructions were compared in two scenarios: with and without the diffraction grating. Computational experiments showed that with sinusoidal phase modulation RMSE values are decreased about 20%. These results support the conclusion on advantage of the proposed phase modulation gratings in off-axis lensless digital holography.

Usually, the response of biological cells to electrical excitations is given by its dipolar part. In addition to that, the shape models of the cells are restrained, in general, to ellipsoidal shape and, in particular, to spherical or spheroidal shapes. However, the electric/dielectric response of the live cells may contain higher multipolar components whose origins comes from the cell shape (other than the ellipsoidal one) and from the multipolar parts of the applied field. In the present work we consider the response of arbitrarily-shaped cells beyond dipolar approximation. We use a boundary integral equation (BIE) method that intrinsically includes all multipolar orders of the response. For small field non-uniformity, we show that although a cell of a certain shape has a relatively large higher order multipolar term in its dielectric response, the dielectrophoretic force is accurately modeled with the dipolar response of a close spherical cell.

The paper explores the possibility to create a general data management system based on doubly connected circular lists. This system would be very useful for the rapid development of the computer based models in engineering. The basic element of the list must have a general structure because it is the basic ‘building block’ in the concept development. Several solutions were studies, two of them being finally considered for extensive tests. The first solution is based on the ‘union’ data type which is simple and robust, but it has a series of inconveniencies. The second solution includes the declaration of a pointer to a random location in memory, at that address being found a given data type. The declaration is general, but the handling of a given data type requires particular declarations and functions. This latest solution is the most general one and it may be used to develop software for the most common data types, which will be useful for the rapid development of the upper level of complexity software applications. So far, the testing of the solutions and of their variants is still in progress in order to have a more accurate insight.

In an uplink multiuser system in which the users are situated far enough from the base station (BS), or in which the communication is affected by fading, the use of relays can bring a plus in the quality of the information arrived at the BS. In this paper, the performance of an uplink connection for a Massive MU-MIMO system is analysed with or without relay nodes in order to see how the bit error rate metric (BER) improves when the number of antennas at the base station (BS) is increased from 10 to 100 and for different number of active users that simultaneously require mobile resources to accomplish their momentary needs. For a better evaluation of the proposed system we use, two types of relays, one based on amplifyand- forward (AF) protocol and one on decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. At the BS a maximal ratio combiner (MRC) is used to combine the signals received from users and relay, and a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection is applied to recover the information sent by each user. The simulations show that, by using relays, we have a significant gain, especially when the number of the active users is close with the number of antennas from the base station.

This paper makes an analysis of the behavior of LiFi transceivers using an experimental setup, an analysis is made by studying the opportunity to use Li-Fi technology, which is a two-way wireless technology similar to Wi-Fi technology. The experimental setup made some measurements about the bitrate versus transmission distance, using a modified media-converter. The paper will present a comparison between ordinary devices and specially engineered devices (fast LED’s and photodiodes). Also, it will compare different modulation schemes, different optical lenses – beamforming, different distances and positions between transceivers. In addition to this, a direct comparison LiFi - optical fiber - WiFi is made, using fiber optic connection as a reference.

The most reliable forecasts about the future of mobile communications are those referring to growing demand of mobile data. Carrier Aggregation (CA) is a relevant key enabler technology for present LTE, LTE-Advanced and for future 5G. By combining a number of separate fragmented spectral frequency bands, mobile operators have acquired the possibility to create larger virtual carrier bands to deliver quality content and services at higher transfer rates. The first commercial implementation has aggregated a total of 20 MHz in 800 MHz and 1800 MHz frequency bands achieving a transfer rate of 150Mbps on downlink. Even if, in lab environment throughput rates up to 1.35 Gbps have been achieved, there it is still required to reach the full potential of five compatible aggregated carriers, i.e. gaining 100 MHz overall bandwidth. However, existing works are not specifically addressing the real life end-user benefits. The current work is addressing, beside the theoretical impact of CA technology, real networks specific configurations, implementation and techniques that are supporting the next coming high throughput rates 5G use cases. A performance improvement approach using collected real data is consequently developed to bring real quality of experience (QoE) closer to theoretical expectations, i.e. to improve current technology and to be prepared for 5G migration. According to the captured data, the developed real live extended band LTE-CA approach enables user throughput rates closer to theoretical limits.

Wireless Power Charging is becoming more and more common in new gadgets like smarts phones, tablets and laptops. With this pace of technological growth, one can certainly assume in the future that many domestic electronic devices will be charged or powered wirelessly. A detailed finite element simulation of an inductive resonant wireless power transfer system is presented. The purpose of this paper is to explain the methodology on how to change wireless power charging coils on a practical scheme and explaining some of the recommended considerations and techniques.

This paper presents a new approach to the TEMPEST compromising signals emitted by the printing devices. From the TEMPEST point of view, only the laser printer diodes and the printer-computer communication signals have been considered as compromising signal generators so far. In this paper we will present some examples of video signal recovery from the compromising signal generated by the laser printer LCD display as well as a number of measurement results of the video signal parameters for particular video display signals which have been selected for this reason.

The thermal environment in a vehicle changes as a function of the external climatic conditions and the quality and capacity of the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system of the cabin. Different thermal comfort indices have been proposed over the years, the first being the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) which represents the average thermal sensation felt by a group of people placed in the vehicle. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the PMV using the statistical model “ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) Two-Way”, which offers the possibility to follow the evolution of a phenomenon under different conditions. The idea behind this goal is to introduce air diffusers with a special directions allowing improving mixing between the hot or the cold conditioned air introduced in the cabin and the ambient.

Correlation analysis is the process of studying the strength of the relationship among available statistical data. The aim of this study was to analysed the correlation of the Polarization Degree for two mixture of gases H₂-Ne, (νH₂/νNe=19/56 and (νH₂/νNe=1), using the intensities of the monochromatic line (λ=585,23nm), measuring at different values of the discharge current, I [mA] at the frequency of 25kHz for different values of the pressure (p1=19torr, p2=30torr, p3=45torr and p4=63torr).

The present work, setting its target on drawing up some methods of establishing a new optimal shape of energy concentrator, contains original contributions which can be rendered as follows: a) optimizing the shape of the shell for one type of energy concentrator system; b) finding a new profilled shell with a symmetrical profile or an assymmetrical one, in specific hypothesys for direction of flow, movement of profile on the variable surfaces; c) calculus and experimental analyses for profiled shells. The original methods developed may extended to the study of the bulb-shape or for the shape bulb-shell system, to the study of boundary layer in different types of flows for an energy concentrating systems. The fluid is incompressible, in permanent axial-symmetrical movement. The calculus of boundary layer on the profiled shells are starting with E.Boltze’s equations¹ with boundary conditions, and became the Prandtl’s equations with the same boundary conditions. For better approximation of the flow’s border, the boundary was considered as a sum of plane slabs of small dimensions. For each of this was calculated: Re number, the thickness of boundary layer, a tangent tension at the wall, a medium tangent tension on axial direction and a friction resistence. The obtained values for boundary layer and tangent tension from the calculus program² are representative of the shels with symmetrical or asymmetrical profiles. The method used was F.E.M.³. There are analized and calculated friction resistence for five types of shells with symmetrical profile and five types with asymmetrical profile, in the hypothessis of a constant velocity in the minimal section for variable angle of inclination (from -2.513⁰ to +8.37⁰) , depending on the length of the boundary. The best obtained values where for profiled shell NACA 4418 (-1.31⁰) and NACA 0021 (+4.894⁰).

The classic forms of protection against coastal erosion are represented by the "hard" structures: dikes, epi ms, etc. The evolution of technology has led to the finding of new solutions to protect the coastline through so-called transparent or “easy” structures¹. In this category are part: the smash-wave structures submerged, floating, dikes made on pillars with “dolphin” profile. This paper present a system of Romanian coastal protection, between the Saturn and Neptune resorts, using transparent structures, made on the pillars “dolphin” profile, which are designed to dissipate the energy of the wave in proportion of 60%, offshore, at a distance 2km from shore. The system will consist of a 20 wind turbines, located parallel to the shoreline and deployed at a distance of 4km linear. These wind turbines will be equipped with two photovoltaic panels directed in the south direction, inclined at 30 degrees⁵. Between the wind turbines there will be three pillars with “dolphin” profile to mitigate the energy of the waves. On these pillars will be mounted platforms that will support five photovoltaic panels each. The degree of erosion of the beach in this area is 0.8 m/year². The value of the advance of the erosion of the beach, at an increase of 50m in sea level, is 30.5m, and the annual rate of beach erosion at an increase of the sea level by 2.2 mm/year is 0.13 mm/year. From the analysis of the wind measurements³, its speed reaches values of 9- 12 m/s⁴. According to the bathymetry map⁶, in this area the depth of water is 10 m. The foundation of wind turbine was chosen according to the water depth. There were calculated the moments of forces acting on the wind system, to determine the sizing elements of the foundation. It’s been calculated: the kinetic pressure of the wave, the force of the wave, the moment of the wave force, the force of the wind in rotor, the moment of the wind force on the impeller, the wind force on the tower, the moment of wind force on the solar panels, the kinetic pressure of the currents in the water, the force exerted by the currents, the moment of force exerted by the currents. From the drawing of the curve of the muddy seabed, it was chosen the ression exerted by the muddy substrate on the foundation, at the depth of 10 m. The foundation of the protection pillars was designed, taking into account the kinetic pressure and strength of the wave, the force and the time of the wind force on the pillar, on the platform, by kinetic pressure of the water currents.

The aim of the paper is to seek and identify mathematical models designated to understand better the quantum scale phenomena, models which could permit to link them with the real world phenomena. This shall be made by analyzing the common features exhibited by both, normal scale and quantum scale phenomena and then, by creating mathematical models that are describing both, the quantum and the real world. One main idea of the paper, on which the involved models are built is that observed physical quantities such as position and momentum of a quantum particle, but also the laws of their transformation (of that physical quantities) from one state into another such as for example the probability wave function described by the Schrödinger’s equation, are signals transmitted out of the quantum world into the real physical world by the a certain real, not yet detected wave function, wave function, underlying the visible measurable reality and which is describing this more complex reality underlying the observable one, and unavailable not only to our limited senses but also not available, even though using the new discovered technologies. The two observed physical quantities, position and momentum, are describing a quantum system, that is to say the quantum system can be represented either as a wave function of the position of the particle or as a wave function of the momentum of the particle, this two different functions being linked one to another by means of the Fourier Transform. The paper is furthermore describing the way in which the theory of Signal Processing, a powerful and useful tool, is to be used in order to model both, quantum and large scale phenomena.

The main idea used in the paper, is that all that exists, either visible or not, either comprehended or not (matter of all kinds, energy of all kinds, space, time, a.s.o.), but also the transformations of these states from one into another, are forms of information or things that can be reduced to information, where the word information is to be used in its most largely understood way. Hence, in general, any transformation of a real physical system or quantity from one state into another, and in particular, for example, entropy (as one of the special known phenomena of the real world having the role to transform that information from one form into another) are forms of transformation of the information.

The main idea, used during this paper to model the small and large scale phenomena, idea which is concerning this infinite quantity of information available around us, is the assumption that the total amount of information remains constant, and thus all that exists is permanently created and recreated in some kind of cycle or carousel that never stops. All the infinite quantity of information initially contained has spread into what we see around us, and this is another idea upon which the present paper is built, namely that there is no such thing as vacuum in space, but only regions of space containing more diluted and less measurable information, only amounts of energy/information that are not detectable or not known yet. This information/energy within the space, once deemed as empty space is comprising remains of initial information (for example cosmic radiation) and is somehow vibrating around us in ways that are rather hard to detect and prove.

Even so, going out from the consequences of this fact, stating the inexistence of space vacuum and using the universal language of mathematics we could try to describe similarities and common features exhibited by both, quantum and large scale phenomena. The paper is also aiming to provide mathematical ways and solutions to model and link the realities within the quantum and the normal scale phenomena worlds, the two being linked with another, among others, also as a consequence of the non emptiness of space.

The optimum design of corrugated wavy channels used in mini-channel/micro-channel heat sink applications for minimum pumping power (i.e., minimum pressure drop) and efficient heat transfer is a great challenge in terms of energy savings point of view. In this paper, a commercial solver based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) was used for developing a two dimensional numerical model for a sine-shaped corrugated channel. The effect of channel geometry(spacing ratio ε and waviness parameter γ) on the friction coefficient f, average Nusselt number Nu_av, pumping power P.P. and goodness factor G has been carried out for various numerical models at different Reynolds numbers between 100 and 1339. The Nu_av parameter clearly increased at Re < 500 with the increasing of γ from 0.024 to 0.21, but with the expense of a higher friction factor.

Using of a 2D and 3D Hilbert transform for reconstruction of the phase distribution of the intensity of a speckle field is proposed. It is shown that the advantage of this approach consists in the invariance of a phase map to a change of the position of the kernel of transformation and in a possibility to reconstruct the structure-forming elements of the skeleton of an optical field, including singular points and saddle points. We demonstrate the possibility in real time to reconstruct the equi-phase lines within a narrow confidence interval, and introduce a new algorithm for solving the phase problem for random 2D intensity distributions.

The use of woody biomass is becoming more and more important as a renewable energy source. The context of developing long-lasting and resilient technologies is also linked to the reduction of harmful substances released environment. These two goals are contradictory. The burning process of combustible wood biomass will be modeled in this paper. It is known that it can be converted by various technological processes so as to obtain gas, liquid or solid fuel on the one hand as well as chemical derivatives on the other. Modeling the process occurring within the combustion can be used to study the processes of used installations which may include thermo-chemical reactors such as those for pyrolysis, burners, incinerators, gasifiers etc. The main goal, pursued by modeling, is to determine the efficiency of the combustion process compared to other more classical methods. This study will use CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modeling, based on numerical simulation. CFD modeling allows the physical and chemical properties of biomass in the reactor to be quantified based on a set of parameters of the working environment, depending on the biomass material parameters implementation. The interpretation of the obtained results allows the analysis of the biomass energy generation conditions so that we can understand and then optimize the dynamics of the processes inside the reactors.

Due to its natural or controlled regeneration and spreading, wood represents the main source to produce biomass energy. By means of its calorific value, wood biomass is recommended to obtain energy by direct burning or other processes. Lately, technologies have been developed to ensure the production of pellets or briquettes based on wood biomass. It is necessary to study how these pellets behave when being subjected to a heating process, furthermore it is necessary to determine how the temperature develops along a segment of pellets. To make this possible, a heat transfer simulation model will be used based on two or more thermal simulation models. After entering all constants necessary to initialize and run the code in Matlab, the temperature variation diagram will be obtained according to two ideal energy sources that actually constitute the heat sources to which the pellets or their segments are subjected. The results obtained allow to determine the temperature values at which the pellet material is stabilized before it is subjected to combustion.

Over the years, there have been meaningful and comprehensive researches and developments in the field of propellers designs and models in order to ensure the increase their efficiency. Surely, an optimum propeller design leads to higher ship efficiency. There were many solutions to increase the marine propellers efficiency, but sometimes, many of them are supposing intricate devices involving high implementation costs and/or maintenance. The propeller design proposed by this paper comes as a result of the extensive use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the design process. Also, the use of numerical simulations in the design process enables the introduction of a completely new approach in the design of propellers. The core element of the new innovative Backflow Propeller is the backflow shield (or screen) which is inbuilt in the phase of fabrication stage of the propeller claiming zero maintenance costs. What is visible here, it is that the suction pressure on the blade back is diminished, the whirlpools formed on the blade back are diverted, the jets on the backflow shield are there and working. All these are positive effects increasing the propeller efficiency. On the other hand, the leading edge of the propeller is increased; the opposing component of the jet is there and is taking its toll on the efficiency of the propeller. What is missing here is the experimental validation. This is because any experimental research is to be conducted in dedicated laboratory with proper instrumentation.

Biocombustibles represent one of the best option for the remplacent of fossil combustible, but they have pretty good result while being use in internal combustion engines with a necessary modification of the supply system while having consumption approximately double. In this case, finding the new combustible or adding elements for increasing this power represent one prime direction for the future. Cellulose as part of biomass can be considered a renewable energy source, and can be converted into energy directly through combustion by incorporating it into a fuel1 accustomed to, and previous studies have shown that cellulose nitrate limit can be used to improve the octane gasoline for internal combustion engines with spark ignition of naval and beyond2 The main objective of this work is the influence of nitrate cellulose mixed with gasoline in the functioning of MAS and determination and comparison of the main parameters features operation of internal combustion engines such as inlet pressure of the gas, p-v and p-α at different compression ratios.

Analysis and processing of large data sets represent a significant challenge. Massive data sets are collected and studied in numerous domains, from engineering sciences to social networks, biomolecular research, commerce, and security. Extracting valuable information from big data requires innovative approaches that efficiently process large amounts of data as well as handle and, moreover, utilize their structure. Big data can be used to solve a variety of problems with significant cost reduction cost by following the process in the figure.

The term “Big Data” is now a popular way to refer to massive digital information available in both structured and unstructured form integrated from multiple, diverse, dynamic sources of information.

In this research we applied big data analytics with graphical techniques for the study of environmental influence on the human body. The hypothesis we wanted to check is that sounds and especially music have a special effect on human body further on influencing the level of cognition. The provided environment was changed and measurements have been achieved as regards the heart rates by carrying out electrocardiograms (ECG) on the subjects. The measurements produced huge amount of data that have to be integrated and analyzed considering various parameters. We have chosen to analyses and visualize the data in LabVIEW.

Photovoltaic energy is a good option for supplying low power embedded systems like sensors, communication modules or small computers, devices belonging now to the Internet of Things category. In direct sunlight, outside the buildings, available solar energy is more than enough and can be harvested even using low cost solar cells and panels. This paper focuses on measuring available photovoltaic energy inside buildings in different places and at different hours and establishing a mathematical model for it. Measurements are performed using various types of solar cells/panels.

These days we experience the in-going of Solid state lighting (SSL) in many domestic and industrial domains. Interconnection of LEDs on flexible substrates is one of the important directions of interest for different applications as backlights for flexible displays and flexible lighting sources or wearable devices ^[1,2,3].

This paper presents the results of investigations related to interconnection of mid power LEDs on flexible substrates. Soldering of LED packages involves a thermal stress during soldering which has a possible negative impact on led string reliability, more present if lead-free soldering is used. By using a printed conductive paste for device attachment, the thermal stress is considerably reduced. Adhesive bonding as an alternative to soldering can be applied to low cost substrates as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). We present, based on infrared camera measurements the limits of power levels that can be applied for different flexible circuits, taking as reference LED structures on polyimide (PI) substrate and on glass epoxy (FR4). The thermal considerable thermal dissipation of the LEDs during operation and the specific attachment to foil with lower thermal conductivity will rise problems on the thermal design.

This paper presents a new concept of a rotary engine, with combustion chamber at constant volume. In this context, we present a comprehensive theoretical study on the combustion process that takes place at constant volume in the combustion chamber. A mathematical model was developed to describe the combustion process. The conducted theoretical study allowed comparing the thermodynamic parameters describing the combustion process for two fuel mixtures. Air - petrol vapors mixture and additional hydrogen feed were considered. A main attention has been paid to maximum values of the pressure in the combustion chamber as it has a direct influence on engine torque. Also, the study shows the advantages of using constant volume burning and the differences that occur with the use of the two types of fuel, as well as the evolution of the pressure and temperature within the combustion chamber. This allows evaluating the thermal load and determining the mechanical stresses to which the components of the proposed rotary engine are subjected.

Interferometric phase filtering is an essential step of the processing chains related to Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR), which are usually used for the generation of digital elevation models and Earth’s surface displacement maps through differential InSAR techniques. Performance of the involved processing steps, and in particular of the phase unwrapping operations, are greatly influenced by the ability of the employed filtering algorithms to mitigate the artefacts that affect the interferometric phase. An important impediment with a direct impact on the unwrapping process is due to the presence of spatial inconsistencies in the interferometric phase, called residues. More specifically, these phase inconsistencies are made evident by calculating the curl of the phase differences over any spatial closed loop, which is different from zero in the case a residue is present in an interferogram. In this paper, a comparative study of four different phase filtering algorithms are addressed: coherent averaging, modified median filtering, Lee filter and Goldstein-Wiener filter. The algorithms’ performances are mainly assessed by their capacity to reduce the number of the above-mentioned phase residues in the noise-filtered interferograms.

Power consumption is one of the biggest operating problems facing modern smartphones. Understanding consumption is the key to optimizing it. The screen of the smartphone can be an important contributor to the overall consumption, but its power consumption is difficult to measure by itself during phone operation. We propose a means to isolate the consumption of the screen component in the phone and apply this method to study 2D/3D consumption behavior on two representative phones making use of 3D displays.

The Azipod propulsion system is based on the electric propulsion concept where the electric generators can be located in any compartment on the ship, since axial transmission is eliminated. Power is supplied into the unit through a horizontal input shaft inside the body, and the direction is given by the cogwheel at the end of the propeller shaft.

This work provides an experimental implementation of the cognitive software-defined Doppler radar based on the low cost USRP platform developed by Ettus Research. The proposed solution employs spectrum sensing in order to take advantage of the white spaces of the radio spectrum. The system continuously adapts its operating frequency according to environment changes, reducing the risk of interfering with other radio systems and acquiring a higher degree of immunity against jamming. The novelty of the proposed algorithm used for dynamically allocating the system’s operating frequency lies in its ability of covering a wide frequency bandwidth despite of the reduced instantaneous bandwidth of the low cost USRP platform employed in the experimental setup. Another related advantage of the proposed algorithm is the reduced computational power required for the real-time operation of the system. All of the above mentioned assertions have been validated experimentally.

It is well known that our times require a high energy demand, resulting in an acute climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions, as well as that fossil fuels are limited and their amount started to be diminished. To cover worldwide energy consumption, mankind should focus on the more intensive use of renewable energy sources, which present a huge potential to ensure the energy supply in the long run. For an affordable renewable energy, it is expected to be seen a significant development of the specific technologies, nanotechnologies being strong contributors to a green energy supply. This paper is discussing about the establishment of a marine renewables network (MRNBSR), having 6 offices in maritime universities from countries that border the Black Sea: Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia and Turkey. This establishment aims to intensify the role that marine renewables can play in the energy system of coastline countries and also the facilitation of the integration of nanotechnologies into maritime renewables sector in the region, based on the reality that universities are centers of research and innovation. The new formed network will work as a coordinator of the will to increase the deployment of renewable energy use. Will be given the steps to be followed in the setting up of the network. After the establishment, in these offices will work personnel with specific tasks - which will be described in the paper.

This paper aims to present a calibration optimization method for radar cross section measurement setup using time domain measurements. The proposed method requires a measurement of S₂₁ parameter of a metallic plate with a known RCS at 13 different distances. A post processing technique reveals the correlations between the distances of measurements and time domain representations of S₂₁ extracted parameter. Time-domain representation of S₂₁ also depends on the wave propagation time on the antenna (Vivaldi and log-periodic) feeding line which inserts a delay. Time domain perspective clearly provides propagation delay data on antennas which are almost undetectable in frequency field. The principles of this method are provided together with experimental and simulation validations. At a distance of 22cm between antennas, mutual coupling influence affects every measurement set and is being reduced in post processing. This method also provides the impulse response of the whole measurement setup.

For search and rescue scenarios [1,2], radio devices with precision comparable to laboratory instruments are needed. More than that, the modules have to be small enough to be integrated on autonomous robotic platforms [3] or drones, for search and rescue activities. Power consumption have to be small enough to sustain a reasonable time of autonomy. For this purpose, we have imagined two modules, a fixed frequency receiver and a wideband transceiver.

As shown in another paper [1], we have imagined and built radio modules for path loss models calibration, to be integrated on autonomous robotic platforms or drones [2]. Path loss models are very useful in disaster situations, helping to locate radio signal sources such as mobile phones, buried under collapsed buildings as a result of earthquakes, natural disasters, terrorism, war, etc.

In a collaborative organization, the partner selection problem consists of selecting the best combination of partners capable to accomplish all the project tasks, considering both quantitative and qualitative critical factors. The problem here considers a project that can be divided into a number of sub-projects (business processes or tasks) and for each task, several candidates are possible. Due to the existing relationships between tasks, this can be seen as a network structure containing a set of potential partners connected with each other. The process is modeled as a multi-criteria optimization problem that requires trade-offs between contradictory criteria: internal and collaboration costs, processing time and risk of failure.

Due to the non-linearity and large scale of the problem (considerable number of alternatives and different criteria), global powerful optimization techniques are needed. In this study, we have implemented a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, augmented with an additional fuzzy controller for tuning algorithm parameters in order to determine an effective approximation of the Pareto front.

Computational results have shown that the algorithm is able to produce high-quality solutions for all tested instances. Moreover, the algorithm is very flexible and able to obtain non-dominated alternative solutions for different scenarios and alternatives in the design of virtual enterprises.

Antenna gain can be measured in a multipath site by moving the antenna under test away from the probe antenna at different distances, and by assessing a normalized transfer function as an average figure over the entire data set. In an earlier work, we provided a statistical explanation to the reduction of the multipath effects. Another possible explanation is based on the synthetic aperture principle, by assimilating the positions of the probe antenna to an antenna array. In this paper, we compare linear scanning to matrix scanning in order to draw optimal choice criteria for the grid of measuring positions. Measurements were performed on a Vivaldi antenna.

In this paper, radar cross section (RCS) in square meters was evaluated for multi-resonant Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) with loop type cells (circle and square) for different values of spherical angles theta, corresponding to peak values of resonant frequency, using CST Microwave Studio software. The unit cell geometry was set as variable, because the desired target values for resonant frequency were 2GHz and 2.5GHz, corresponding to first and second concentric loops. Based on the results obtained, comparison was discussed. 3D views are presented for each case.

In this paper, resonance frequency corresponding to the frequency selective surfaces with single or multiple loop type element unit cells was analyzed. Since the frequency response depends on the unit cell geometry, the analysis was based on simulation using the CST Microwave Studio software for various geometric parameter values. Thus, the frequency responses obtained by changing the geometry of the copper lines, the copper thickness or the substrate thickness, and the angle of incidence or the dielectric constant respectively, were compared and discussed.

In the context of a hybrid continuous-discrete time chaos-based secret communication scheme, the present work replaces the non-linear element of a known jerk-type chaotic system, with a LED. The circuit is simulated in Matlab-Simulink and its behavior analyzed when switching the control parameter - the value of one of the resistors in the scheme. The cases illustrated are relevant for emphasizing the route towards randomness. This is achieved through period-doubling starting from the initial period of the signal corresponding to the LED’s output power, which depends on the value of the control parameter. This paper also presents an experimental implementation of the proposed modified Sprott’s jerk-type circuit, as well as a comparison between simulation and empirical results. Qualitative and quantitative interpretations of bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents for the two situations are to be compared in a future research.

Increasing the comfort of a residential building depends a lot on how well the structure of resistance is known and the materials it is made of, but also the possible stages of degradation and the causes that led to them. One of the best performing procedures to determine some of the causes of degradation is thermal imaging known as thermography. The thermography results for the residential building are compared with the legal indices and then the conclusions are drawn, followed by establishing the methods and the techniques of approach for its thermal recovery.

One of the measures adopted widely in Europe and Romania is to increase the energy performance of buildings and to implement thermal rehabilitation programs. Energy diagnostics of buildings have been promoted in the countries of the Union and the Energy Certificate has become a constant presence and necessity in the technical life of buildings. The main objective of this article is to show several methods of increasing the energy efficiency of an apartment building, taking into account its characteristics and the proposed objective.

This paper demonstrates the possibility of using the multilayer technology in the design of microwave bandpass filters with novel microstrip synchronously-tuned open-loop triangular resonators, mainly for telecommunication applications. The proposed filtering configurations contain two such resonators located on different metallization layers, coupled with the aid of some non-resonating slots cut-out in the common ground plane of the structure. The triangular shape of the proposed microstrip resonators allows obtaining various coupling topologies between resonators, good electrical performance, and a better compactness of the designed bandpass filters, compared to other similar approaches already shown in the literature [1-3].

The design of the bandpass filters in a three-metallization layer configuration starts from the design of the microstrip single-mode triangular resonator, followed by the investigation, through electromagnetic-field simulation, of possible coupling topologies between pair of such resonators, in the proposed multilayer technology. In order to validate this study, two different 2nd- order filtering structures are designed and assessed, for applications in the 3.5 GHz frequency band. The electrical performances of the proposed bandpass filters are in good agreement with the specification, which make them potential candidates for applications where compactness and compatibility with other multilayer circuits are stringent requirements.

Interest towards automotive domain has increased in the last few years. Few key factors that led to this are: economic conditions, clients' interest, their preferences and demands, globalization and innovation in technology. Recently, brushless DC motors, are increasingly sought after because of their advantages and can replace brushed motors. The wide range of applications where brushless DC motors can be used provide added confidence in their use for automotive applications to replace old systems.

In this paper a demo application of windscreen wipers using brushless DC motors will be presented. Noise reduction, space saving and more detailed control of wipers could be possible by controlling windscreen wipers independently with Brushless DC motors (BLDC).

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the selection of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) for the purpose of conducting expensive molecular genetic studies on genotyping, namely the identification of gene of hereditary predisposition of OC (BRCA1 and BRCA2). The proposed method makes it possible at the first stage to find among all patients with ovarian the proposed individuals whose further molecular genetic studies will objectively confirm the diagnosis of hereditary cancer (by genotyping on (BRCA I and II), which significantly reduces the cost of these studies in the population. The object of the study during infrared spectrometry (IR spectrometry) was plasma blood of patients with a verified diagnosis of ovarian cancer (35 patients - 1 group), as well as healthy (30 - control group). A preliminary data show that the optical method of infrared plasma spectroscopy of patients with ovarian cancer patients needs further research as a test screening method for the diagnosis of hereditary ovarian cancer as a preliminary selection of patients for molecular genetic studies (BRCA I and II).

The aim of the study was to use the polarization spectrophotometry method to develop a diagnostic algorithm for blood studies and the content of douglas deepening in women with. Based on the study of blood and puncture of douglas deepening of healthy women and patients with benign and malignant tumors of the ovaries, using the method of polarization spectrophotometry, photometric and polarization criteria indicating the presence of malignancy of the tumor were experimentally developed and clinically tested.

The aim of this research is to clarify the anizotropic structure and polarization properties of the chordae tendinea of the atrio-ventricular heart valves of the foetus.The researches of images of sections of chordae tendinea of the human heart using the method of laser polarimetry have been carried out to systematically analyze the topography of anisotropic properties of collagen fibers, elastic fibers and contractile cardiomyocytes through the obtained intensity distributions at different polarization orientations of Stokes vector parameters, polarization maps, as well as elements of the Mueller matrixes and their respective statistical moments from the 1st to the 4th order. It was shown that the character of manifestations of anisotropic properties manifested itself in different topographical architectures of these types of fibers with a different level of birefringence, which were visualized in different polarization states of the probing and analyzing beams, which was also described by other scientists.

The morphological peculiarities of TS mitral valve of the heart of man in normal and abnormal spaced strings of the left ventricle and the study of their structural features depending on the location was studied. Results of statistical dependency and the correlation structure of two-dimensional Mueller matrix elements in different spectral ranges of laser radiation on changes in the distribution of orientations of the optical axes and birefringence of protein crystals biological tissues revealed. Diagnostic sensitivity to changes in optical anisotropic component of biological objects of statistical (statistical moments of the 1st - 4th order) and correlation (half-width of the autocorrelation function and the variance of the power spectra) parameters was founded.

Drug abuse consists of the use by a subject without a medical recommendation, in quantities or with nonrecommended methods. Substance abuse also refers to their use in order to increase intellectual or physical performance, against the rules established by society. Substance abuse involves the chronic use of non-medical chemicals for hedonistic or entheogenic purposes [1]. Drugs such as alcohol, antidepressants, amphetamine, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, glue, cocaine, hallucinogens, metacular, narcotics, opiates, sedatives, stimulants and some organic solvents can be named [2]. Substance abuse can cause criminal or antisocial behavior, may generate long-term changes in personality [3].

Cocaine has major toxic effects on the body. Treatment of cocaine poisoning is complex. The main sales are those that can lead to patient death. For the proper treatment of any inoculation, it is necessary to identify the xenobiotic that generated it. The presence of metabolites, in the case of cocaine - ethylbenzoylcogene (EBE), provides information on the time of administration of the xenobiotic.

Gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is an optoelectronic method that can identify the presence of cocaine and / or EBE from biological samples. In order to increase the sensitivity of the method, a special mass metrology technique - MS/MS can be used [4, 5].

The aim of this study is to study the microscopic, submicroscopic structure and polarization properties of the chordae tendineae of the atrio-ventricular valves of the heart of infants. Methods of laser polarimetry provide additional information about the morphological and optico-anisotropic structure of the biological tissues in norm and in pathology, which is aimed at visualization and in order to receive of the informative images of the polarization-inhomogeneous object fields and their statistical analysis, makes it possible to establish the differential signs of the biological tissues state in norm and pathology. The disordered architectonics of cardiomyocytes of various localization was manifested in false tendons of fibro-muscular and muscular types. The topologically localized and phase-inhomogeneous component of the anisotropic formations of cardiomyocytes manifested itself in the values of statistical moments of higher orders of the Stokes vector-parameter S3. The correlation characteristic of the filtered collagen network indicates an ordered and largescale character of manifestations of hierarchical anisotropy of collagen fibers with a distinct difference in the values of the fourth-order statistical moment (excess) of the values of the ellipticity of the polarization of the image.

Methadone is an opioid used in medicine as an analgesic and antidependent maintenance in opioid dependent patients. It is used in the substitution treatment for heroin or other opiates. Methadone belongs to the category of special drugs with a very high potential for dependence and a low lethal dose [1]. Mass spectrometry is an optoelectronic method for determining organic substances by comparing their mass spectrum with mass spectra found in the NIST, Wiley, PMW, and other mass spectrum libraries. In the case of biological products, substances of interest, biotic or xenobiotics may be "hidden" from the noise of the analyzed matrix. A method was developed on a gas chromatograph coupled with a Varian Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) [2, 3]. The authors presented two methods of increasing sensitivity and signal / noise ratio for the identification of methadone and its metabolites by dissociating ion-specific parent ion for methadone and its metabolites to obtain an MS/MS spectrum.

Platinum is a malleable, ductile metal, silvery white, with atomic number 78 and atomic weight 195.09. We can find it in nature mainly as isotopes: Pt194 (32.9%), Pt195 (33.8%) și Pt196 (25.3%). Of all platinum metals, platinum has the most uses and it’s the most abundant and most easily to be processed.

Its use in auto catalysts results in environmental contamination of crowded cities and high-traffic roads. In medicine, Pt is used as a cytostatic drug. Specific platinum complexes, especially cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin), Cis-[oxalate (trans-1-1,2- diaminocyclohexane)] platinum(II) (oxaliplatin) and cis-diammine (1,1- cyclobutanedicarboxylato) platinum(II) (carboplatin), used in therapeutic practice [1,2]. Determination of the Pt concentration in biological samples provides medical personnel with useful information on the efficacy of the cytostatic treatment. An optoelectronic method for determining the concentration of Pt in urine, blood and hair samples collected from patients undergoing cytostatic treatment with platinum-based products is presented. To determine the concentration of Pt in biological products was used: Atomic Absorption Spectrometer model AAS-880, Atomization in the graphite furnace model GT 100, Programable Sample Dispenser PSD - Varian. Platinum concentrations of biological samples collected from platinum, based cytotoxic patients are presented. The presented method can be used to monitor platinumbased chemotherapy with platinum compounds. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GF-AAS) method presented is sensitive, reproducible, and relatively easy to apply with an acceptable cost.

Platinum (Pt) is a malleable, ductile, silver-white metal with atomic number 78 and an atomic weight of 195.09. Platinum is found in nature in metallic state, alloyed with small amounts of iron, copper, other platinum metals, and sometimes with little gold. This ore appears as granules or nuggets, weighing from a few milligrams to a few pounds, scattered in a silicate (olivine and piroxene). Urine samples (10 ml spot), were collected from patients admitted to the Clinical Toxicology Section. Expert literature recommends the determination of platinum in the normal population of the area as the amount of platinum present in the environment differs. For determination of platinum in biological products an installation consisting of Atomic Absorption Spectrometer Model AAS-880, Atomizing in graphite furnace model GT 100, Autosampler model PSD - Varian. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GF-AAS) optoelectronic method presented is a fast, reproducible, with a very good sensitivity for monitoring population or staff exposed to platinum and its compounds.

The increase in the number of cases of breast cancer required the development of new pharmaceutical formulas, letrozole being one of the drugs used for this purpose. Treatment with this drug requires detection and monitoring of these substances¹. In the doping control of athletes, letrozole is a forbidden substance. Letrozole is included in the Prohibited List of World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) at the Sections Hormone and Metabolic modulators, Aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and other anti-estrogenic substances^2,3. For the analysis of these compounds, the technique of choice is the liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS/MS). Due to the metabolism of the substance, it is required the analysis of both the compound and the metabolite bis-(4- cyanophenyl)methanol by LC-MS/MS. In the WADA Technical Document TD2018MRPL, the Minimum Required Performance Levels for Detection and Identification of Non-threshold Substances (MRPL) for anti-estrogenic substances is 20 ng/mL^2,4. This paper discloses the optimization of the LC-MS/MS detection parameters of letrozol and letrozol metabolite.

This article highlights using liquid chromatography and the MRM method [1], the presence of fentanyl and norfentanyl [2] in a biological sample, in this case urine. In the method you can see the presence of each segment in the ion of the substance, obtained by ElectroSpray ionization [1], for which the confirmation is desired. The time of acquisition and the potential collision used to obtain it are specified.

The MRM method is performed with a varying concentration gradient of between 10% and 65% [3] over a 9 minute acquisition time at a constant flow rate of 0.3 ml / minute. The gradient increases from 10% to 40% in the first two minutes, then increases from 40% to 65% over the next 3 minutes. The 65% concentration remains for the next 4 minutes.

The use of glass supports in microarray technology is favored by their chemical stability, low level of autofluorescence and excellent functionalization capabilities. However, the flat surfaces generate steric hindrance during the hybridization reaction, hence reducing the signal detection in genotyping applications. Herein, a new microarray platform based on nanostructured Si was designated to be used for detection of specific gene fragments corresponding to HPV strains. We investigated the contribution on detection of the functional groups deriving from the chemical surface modification, combined with the effects of nanostructured Si. Uniform spot shapes were associated to surface wetting behaviour and the immobilization and hybridization data were evaluated by fluorescence analyses.

Glycerol is the key constituent to triglycerides and is an important compound participating in the lipid metabolism. It is an endogenous compound found in small amounts in human blood and urine. In high doses it can cause migraine, nausea, thirst¹. The present degree has purpose the developing and validating a Gas-Chromatography- Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method accurate, rapid and easy to identify and quantify the glycerol analyte in urine samples. The applied analytical technique is based on derivation of the urine sample evaporated with MSTFA/NH₄I/ethantiol derivatizing reagent. By this reaction, the hydroxyl functions of glycerol are converted to silyl derivatives, compounds having boiling points lower than the original compounds, this facilitating their GC-MS assay. For estimating the glycerol content, the method are monitored the mass fragments characteristic of the compound of interest – m/z 205, 218 and 293 and an ion corresponding to the deurated analog-m/z 208².

Mass spectrometry is an optoelectronic method of identifying organic substances by comparing their mass spectrum of the analyte with the mass spectra deposited in the mass spectrum libraries of the system. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS) has as main objective the identification of drugs with a molecular molecule of less than 1500 amu (atomic mass units) [1]. To identify the biological products of antidepressants SSRIs have been deposited in the mass-spectra of the MI library, mass spectra obtained in a HPLC-MS interface with ElectroSpray Interface (ESI) or Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI). In the paper are presented the mass spectra of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline, obtained on a HPLC system MS equipped with ESI or APCI.

A great variety of toxic substances has been and is used for plant protection. If these substances were not used, agricultural production would reduce worldwide by 40%. The most effective but also the most toxic substances used as pesticides are reversible inhibitors of cholinesterase are phosphorus-containing substances, organophosphorus compounds (OPs). Some of the agents have direct cholinergic activity [1]. OPs, mainly used in pest control, as an alternative to hydrocarbons, chlorinated care persist for a long time in the environment. These substances are also very toxic for humans [2].

In order to avoid accidental contamination of the population with xenobiotics pesticides, the European Union issued "Regulation (EU) No 915/2010 on ensuring compliance with maximum permitted levels of pesticide residues in and on foodstuffs of plant and animal origin and assessment of consumer exposure to these residues [3]. The list includes 175 pesticides, of which 36 (20%) are OPs.

Optoelectronics has made an important contribution to understanding the life and the impact of xenobiotics on it. The development of spectrophotometry or spectrometry techniques in the field of UV-VIS-IR and mass spectrometry allowed scientists in the field of bio-science to better understand the mysteries of life or to characterize the impact of some elements or chemicals on it [4].

It’s presented an optoelectronic gas chromatographic method coupled with mass spectrometry is used to determine OPs that may be present in control sample (standard mixture) for food, soil or water.

Tramadol is an opioid drug used to treat moderate to moderate pain, which has two different mechanism of action. The first is due to binding to the opioid receptor, and the second is due to the inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reabsorption. Due to its hallucinogenic effects, tramadol is also used as a drug of abuse [1]. It is necessary to identify tramadol and its metabolites in urine specimens either for correct dosing of the tramadol in pain therapy, for monitoring the effectiveness of addiction treatment, or for acute poisoning with this opioid compound [2]. An optoelectronic gas chromatographic method coupled with mass spectrometry is presented to determine tramadol and its metabolites in urine samples [3].

Establishing an optoelectronic method for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites is necessary because synthetic cannabinoids are a group of psychoactive compounds designed to mimic the effects of marijuana. These compounds are usually sprayed on natural plants in order to be smoked. Several synthetic cannabinoids can be found on these smoked plants simultaneously. Their effective dose is lower than that of natural marijuana but with high psychoactive potency [1]. Due to their high potential for abuse and availability, these compounds are considered to be narcotic drugs. Thus, there has been an increased demand for the development of sensitive, reliable, robust and sustainable analytical methods for the identification and quantification of these compounds by clinical, forensic and toxicological laboratories [2].

The method presented in the paper will be based on liquid chromatography with a mass spectrometer detector (LCMS/ MS). The paper aims to obtain, using the developed method, the mass spectra of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites. The mass spectrum represents the relative abundance of ions resulting from an ionization process of a family of molecules. This is a unique feature for each compound, which allows identification of a substance from a matrix of unknown substances [3].

Our research team is seeking to implement new ways to validate the performance of the biomedical optoelectronic analytical instruments used in Doping Control Laboratory (DCL). The compliance of the instrumental method with international standard of laboratory (ISL) and technical documents (TD) of World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is critical in quality assurance, providing precise and accurate results.

The performance level achieved using the innovative method “decision chart” based on “six sigma metric” tool applied to the immunoassay analyses of luteinizing (LH) and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormones, proves the excellent respectively good quality of the testing process, which meet our set goal - performance higher than 4-sigma level.

Using six sigma metric tool, our laboratory was able not only to evaluate performance of our instrumental methods, but also to implement changes to our quality control (QC) charts, to reduce number of internal QCs and calibration expenses as well as reducing troubleshooting.

In order to establish a continuous quality control improvement, verifying the implementation of our quality goals, the quality manager can evaluate analytical performance based on analytical QC data and update the Westgard quality charts.

Point of care (POC) immunochromatographic testing is a necessary component of emergency healthcare allowing rapid testing at, or near, the site of patient care. POC approaches can save hundreds of thousands of lives every year [1]. POC testing includes applications and integrations of complex functions that facilitate their usage in limited resource settings. The advantages offered by such system, including low cost, ruggedness and the capacity to generate accurate and reliable results rapidly, are well suited to emergence healthcare. The article shows a quick method of POC immunochromatographic testing with the help of an optopelectronic module for fluorescence, using quantum dots (QDs) of cadmium telluride (CdTe), that binding molecules with biological samples [2,4]. The article shows a quick method of characterization with help of the detection through fluorescence of binding molecules with biological samples using quantum dots (QDs) of cadmium telluride (CdTe) [2,4]. This method it uses to detect the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and it provides faster biomarkers detection with higher sensitivity and specificity. For quantitative determination through fluorescent of bio-surfaces we realized both bio-surfaces and apparatus of fluorescence and the article presents some practical results obtained from the experiments performed [4].

The formation of graphite films at micrometric and nanometric scale on the surfaces of alloys-made parts causes their diffusion in the surface layer accompanied by the formation of high hardness carbides, and, as a result, the wear resistance of this layer increases [1-5]. TGA tests on graphite films were conducted on a Du Pont Instruments 951 device. This device shown in figure 1 and 2.

Papaverine is an opiate alkaloid used in the primary treatment of visceral spasms, cardiac and cerebral vasospasms, and occasionally for the treatment of erectile dysfunction [1]. Although found in opium poppy, papaverine differs both in structure and pharmacological action for opioid analgesics, morphine and related substances [2].

Papaverine is used to treat gastrointestinal tract spasms, bile ducts, ureters as a cerebral and coronary vasodilator, subarachnoid hemorrhage [3] and a coronary artery bypass [4]. Papaverine is used as a smooth muscle relaxant in microsurgery if it is applied directly to blood vessels. In the treatment of erectile dysfunction, a papaverine gel has recently been used [5]. Also, in combination with other drugs, it is commonly used in cryopreservation of blood vessels [6, 7].

Papaverine is a direct relaxing smooth muscle, which is attributed to its ability to inhibit phosphodiesterase. It can be administered for peripheral cerebral and coronary circulation. It can also be used for vascular disorders, for gastrointestinal disorders as an antispasmodic and against cough. However, its use for the latest recommendations should be regarded with caution [8].

For these reasons, the determination of papaverine in urine samples is very important [2]. Identification is preferably by GC-MS or HPLC-MS chromatographic techniques [9].

A new method of Stokes-correlational evaluation of polarization-inhomogeneous images of histological sections of optically anisotropic biological tissues of different morphological structure and physiological state was developed. An algorithm for the analytical description and experimental determination of the coordinate distributions of the magnitude of the modulus and the phase of the "two-point" parameters of the Stokes vector is determined. Within the framework of statistical analysis, the possibility of differential diagnosis of weak changes in the optical anisotropy of internal organs tissues of healthy and diabetic rats has been investigated.

The 3D Muller-matrix mapping of map depolarization depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structure and physiological state is proposed and substantiated. 3D maps of depolarization of optically thick histological sections of myocardium tissue with spatially structured optically anisotropic fibrillary network, as well as parenchymatous rat liver tissue with “islet” polycrystalline structure were obtained. The dependences of the magnitude of the statistical moments of the 1st-4th order, which characterize the layered distributions of the degree of depolarization of different types of biological tissues, are determined. The study of the possibilities of differentiation of benign (adenoma) and malignant (carcinoma) changes of histological sections of the tissue of the uterine tissue biopsy was conducted. In addition, the possibility of diagnosing the degree of blood loss in the liver was investigated. The dependences of the magnitude of the statistical moments of the first and fourth orders, which characterize layer-by-layer distributions of the values of the degree of depolarization of various types of biological tissues are determined. The possibility of differentiation of benign (adenoma) and malignant (carcinoma) changes in the histological sections of the biopsy of the uterus wall tissue was studied. In addition, the possibility of diagnosing the degree of hepatic blood loss was investigated.

The results of Jones matrix mapping of optically thin, non-depolarizing polycrystalline films of synovial fluid (of human joint at reactive and aseptic synovitis) and urine (of healthy donors – patients with albuminuria) are presented. The Jones-matrix model of polarization manifestations of phase anisotropy mechanisms is presented. The method of experimental measurement of coordinate distributions of the values of the modulus and the phase of the Jones matrix elements is suggested. In the framework of statistical and cross-correlation approaches, the maps of the modulus and phase of the Jones-matrix images of optically thin polycrystalline films of human organs with different pathologies are analyzed. A set of objective parameters (statistical and generalized correlation moments) of differential diagnostics of the reactive and aseptic synovitis of the knee joint, as well as of albuminuria was determined with excellent and good balanced precision.

Theoretical bases of 3D Muller-matrix mapping methods for optically anisotropic polycrystalline films of blood are presented. Algorithms for layerwise polarization reconstruction of the parameters of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism are presented. Phase dependencies of the first-fourth-order statistical moments that characterize the parameters of phase and amplitude anisotropy of polycrystalline blood films of healthy and patients with prostate cancer patients are determined. Differential diagnostics of the oncological state with excellent balanced accuracy was realized.

The paper presents the results of Jones-matrix mapping of optically thin, non-depolarizing biological fluids with different polycrystalline structure – bile and cerebrospinal fluid (liquor). The Jones matrix model of manifestations of polarizing mechanisms of phase anisotropy of such layers is presented. The technique of experimental measurement of coordinate distributions of the modulus and phase values of Jones matrix elements is suggested. Within the statistical and cross-correlation approaches the modulus and phase maps of Jones matrix images of optically thin layers of polycrystalline films of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid are analyzed. A set of objective parameters (statistical and generalized correlation moments), which are the most sensitive to changes in the phase of anisotropy, associated with the features of polycrystalline structure of films of biological fluids of various organs are determined.

The results of Jones matrix mapping of optically thin, non-depolarizing polycrystalline films of synovial fluid (of human joint at reactive and aseptic synovitis) and urine (of healthy donors – patients with albuminuria) are presented. The Jones-matrix model of polarization manifestations of phase anisotropy mechanisms is presented. The method of experimental measurement of coordinate distributions of the values of the modulus and the phase of the Jones matrix elements is suggested. In the framework of statistical and cross-correlation approaches, the maps of the modulus and phase of the Jones-matrix images of optically thin polycrystalline films of human organs with different pathologies are analyzed. A set of objective parameters (statistical and generalized correlation moments) of differential diagnostics of the reactive and aseptic synovitis of the knee joint, as well as of albuminuria was determined with excellent and good balanced precision.

A theoretical basis for the method of polarization-phase mapping of optically thin polycrystalline films of human biological fluids is given. The coordinate distributions of the magnitude of the phase shifts and the polarization-inhomogeneous microscopic images of polycrystalline films of the synovial fluid of the human joint are investigated. In the framework of the statistical (statistical moments of 1st-4th order), correlation (dispersion and kurtosis characterizing autocorrelation functions) and fractal (dispersion, characterizing the logarithmic dependencies of power spectra) approaches, objective criteria for the distribution of local contrast values are established. The possibility of differentiation of weak changes in the optical anisotropy of synovial fluid films in patients with different severity of the pathology of the knee joint has been determined. Comparative studies of the accuracy of this method and the traditional method of polarization mapping.

GHRP-2, also known as Pralmorelin, is a synthetic peptide drug. It acts as ghrelin/growth-hormone secretagogue receptor agonist, being the first drug of this class introduced clinically. It's used, in a single dose formulation, as a diagnostic agent for growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Administration of GHRP-2 increases the plasmatic concentration of growth hormone. It was clinically tested for tratment of GHD and pituitary dwarfism. GHRP-2 has performance enhancing potential and is prohibited for athletes in section S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, And Mimetics of WADA (World Antidoping Agency) Prohibited List. In this work we developed and validated a screening method for GHRP-2 and it's two metabolites from urine on LC-HRMS (liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry)(Q Exactive Plus from Thermo Scientific) and LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole (liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) (ABSciex QTrap 5500). The validation parameters evaluated were limit of detection, matrix effects, identification criteria, specificity, carry-over and extraction recovery. the evaluated parameters are in accordance with WADA technical documents, both methods being applicable for doping control application.