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We report the production of active double waveguides in germanate glasses, GeO2-PbO doped with Nd3+, by direct femtosecond laser writing. The glasses were produced using the melt-quenching technique and the active waveguides were written using 30 fs laser pulses at 800 nm with different parameters of writing speeds and pulse energies depending on the rare earth elements used for doping. The photo-induced refractive index change was 5.2x10-3. The Nd doped sample exhibited a relative gain of 3.6 dB/cm for 1.6 mW of 805 nm pump power. The results obtained in present work demonstrate that Nd3+ doped GeO2-PbO glasses are promising materials for the fabrication of integrated amplifiers, lossless components and lasers based on germanate glasses.
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Niklaus U. Wetter, Diego S. da Silva, Luciana R. P. Kassab, Wagner De Rossi, "Double line neodymium doped GeO2-PbO waveguide amplifier for the second telecom window," Proc. SPIE 11276, Optical Components and Materials XVII, 112760M (3 March 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2544291