The fundamental thermally-driven fluctuations of matter, present in all finite temperature systems and described by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, are responsible for the precision-limiting noise processes of many measurement devices, including Johnson noise in resistors and thermo-mechanical noise in Fabry-Perot cavities. The LIGO interferometer’s noise floor was famously limited by thermo-elastic fluctuations on its mirror coatings. I will present measurements and analysis of thermo-refractive noise in photonic microresonators, examine how this noise sets a fundamental limit for the coherence of Kerr-microresonator optical frequency combs, and present a novel technique for beating this limit using laser cooling.
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