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Stem cell and stem cell derived therapies have shown great promise in lab and pre-clinical studies for many diseases, but few are translated to the clinic. The regulatory hurdles for cell therapies are substantial and include the need to monitor biodistribution and efficacy in humans. However, tracking of cells at depths more than 1 mm is difficult and there is a great need for technologies to track cells at clinically relevant depths. Gold nanorods typically give optoacoustic signals of an order of magnitude better than dyes. Recently, we have developed gold nanostars which behave as three gold nanorods stuck together and the energy deposition is better than all other particles of which we are aware. Hence they generate optoacoustic signals which are stronger and we have been able to tune them to absorb energy at 1064 nm to maximize penetration depth and the available laser. This paper will describe the progress to date on tuning, internalization and imaging of cells labelled with gold nanostars.
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Martin J. Leahy, "Tracking stem cells with gold nanostars (Conference Presentation)," Proc. SPIE 11363, Tissue Optics and Photonics, 1136302 (7 April 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2564183