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High purity is a fundamental requirement to enable laser-cooling-grade materials. The vertical Bridgman method is well suited for crystal growth on the few-grams scale, which is compatible with purification techniques that aim to exceed the typical 99.999% to 99.9999% purity of commercial precursor materials. Here, we present advances in the Bridgman crystal growth of cooling-grade LLF:Yb single crystals in a radio-frequency heated furnace. Optical spectroscopy, cooling efficiency, and power cooling characterization are reported. COMSOL simulations were used to investigate the thermal gradient inside the crucible as the crystal growth proceeds.
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Azzurra Volpi, Jackson Kock, Alexander R. Albrecht, Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, Markus P. Hehlen, "Bridgman growth of LLF:Yb single-crystals for laser cooling and radiation-balanced lasers," Proc. SPIE 11702, Photonic Heat Engines: Science and Applications III, 117020Q (5 March 2021); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582835