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The doped bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals have excellent phase conjugate effect. This effect can be observed in pure BGO crystal under an applied electric field. But in doped BGO, electric field doesn't necessary. The crystals were grown by czochralski method.
Minghua Li
"Phase conjugation in doped bismuith germanate crystals", Proc. SPIE 1230, International Conference on Optoelectronic Science and Engineering '90, 12300J (1 July 1990); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2294656
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Minghua Li, "Phase conjugation in doped bismuith germanate crystals," Proc. SPIE 1230, International Conference on Optoelectronic Science and Engineering '90, 12300J (1 July 1990); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2294656