Simulation and design optimization of germanium-on-silicon single photon avalanche diodes

Charles Smith; Jaroslaw Kirdoda; Derek C. S. Dumas; Conor Coughlan; Charlie McCarthy; Hannah Mowbray; Muhammad Mirza; Fiona Fleming; Xin Yi; Lisa Saalbach; Gerald S. Buller; Douglas J. Paul; Ross W. Millar

doi:10.1117/12.2650154

13 March 2023 Simulation and design optimization of germanium-on-silicon single photon avalanche diodes

Charles Smith, Jaroslaw Kirdoda, Derek C. S. Dumas, Conor Coughlan, Charlie McCarthy, Hannah Mowbray, Muhammad Mirza, Fiona Fleming, Xin Yi, Lisa Saalbach, Gerald S. Buller, Douglas J. Paul, Ross W. Millar

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 12426, Silicon Photonics XVIII; 124260S (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650154
Event: SPIE OPTO, 2023, San Francisco, California, United States

Conference Poster

Abstract

Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are semiconductor photodiode detectors capable of detecting individual photons, typically with sub-ns precision timing. We have previously demonstrated novel pseudo-planar germanium-on-silicon SPADs with absorption into the short-wave infrared, which promise lower costs and potentially easier CMOS integration compared to III-V SPADs. Here we have simulated the dark count rate of these devices, using a custom solver for McIntyre’s avalanche model and a trap assisted tunnelling generation model. Calibration and fitting have been performed using experimental data and the results have highlighted areas in which the technology can be optimised.

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Charles Smith, Jaroslaw Kirdoda, Derek C. S. Dumas, Conor Coughlan, Charlie McCarthy, Hannah Mowbray, Muhammad Mirza, Fiona Fleming, Xin Yi, Lisa Saalbach, Gerald S. Buller, Douglas J. Paul, and Ross W. Millar "Simulation and design optimization of germanium-on-silicon single photon avalanche diodes", Proc. SPIE 12426, Silicon Photonics XVIII, 124260S (13 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650154

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