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At least three of the five senses must be fully addressed in a successful virtual reality (VR) system. Sight, sound, and touch are the most critical elements for the creation of the illusion of presence. Since humans depend so much on sight to collect information about their environment, this area has been the focus of much of the prior art in virtual reality, however, it is also crucial that we provide facilities for force, torque, and touch reflection, and sound replay and 3-D localization. In this paper we present a sampling of hardware and software in the virtual environment maker's `toolbox' which can support rapidly building up of customized VR systems. We provide demonstrative examples of how some of the tools work and we speculate about VR applications and future technology needs.
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Charles J. Jacobus, Heidi N. Jacobus, Brian T. Mitchell, A. J. Riggs, Mark J. Taylor, "Virtual toolbox," Proc. SPIE 1838, 21st AIPR Workshop on Interdisciplinary Computer Vision: An Exploration of Diverse Applications, (13 April 1993); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.142791