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We report the demonstration of a very low drive voltage (V(pi )) equals 1.7 V) LiNbO3 electro-optic modulator suitable for 2.5 Gbit/s and 5 Gbit/s digital transmission applications. This modulator has the lowest reported voltage and length product of 3.5 V/cm and a 3 dB electrical bandwidth of DC to 2.5 GHz.
Jing-Jong Pan,Wen-Herng Su,Jingyu Xu,Xiaofan Cao, andMing Shih
"Low-drive voltage LiNbO3 electro-optic modulator for 2.5 Gbit/s and beyond B-ISDN application", Proc. SPIE 2321, Second International Conference on Optoelectronic Science and Engineering '94, (5 August 1994); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182127
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Jing-Jong Pan, Wen-Herng Su, Jingyu Xu, Xiaofan Cao, Ming Shih, "Low-drive voltage LiNbO3 electro-optic modulator for 2.5 Gbit/s and beyond B-ISDN application," Proc. SPIE 2321, Second International Conference on Optoelectronic Science and Engineering '94, (5 August 1994); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182127