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Fluorescence sensors for transition metal ions are demonstrated using the principle of Forster energy transfer from a fluorophore embedded in a Nafion polymer to a metal ion in aqueous solution. The resonance requirement for energy transfer and hence specificity will be demonstrated for cobalt, copper and uranyl ions. Diffusion of these ions in the polymer matrix was also determined with, a diffusion coefficient for Co2+ in Nafion of 4.91 X 10-7 cm2s-1 and for Cu2+ 7.72 X 10-7 cm2s-1.
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Sheila Smith, Martin Lopez, Olaf J. Rolinski, David J. S. Birch, Mike Darbyshire, "Fluorescence energy transfer sensor for metal ions," Proc. SPIE 2388, Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology II, (8 May 1995); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.208475