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A laser tracking system has been developed to trace a moving target for outdoor measurements of 3D position. Beam direction of a 670 nm laser diode is controlled with two mirrors mounted on Galvano scanners, for horizontal ((phi) ) and vertical ((theta) ) directions, respectively, in order to trace a target made of reflection sheet. The beam reflected by a the target is detected at a quadrant photodiode to estimate the position of the target. The distance D between the apparatus and the target was measured with a range finder of 830 nm LED, the light beam from which is superposed on the beam for tracking by a beam combiner. Finally 3D position of the target is estimated from two azimuth angles of the 2 scanners and the measured distance. The whole system was set on a crane to measure the position of a weight suspended by the crane's arm. Up to about 100 m, this system traced the target and detected the distance. The 3D position of the target is measured with a resolution of 10 mm.
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Katuo Seta, Ichiro Fujima, Iwao Ishikawa, "Outdoor laser-tracking system," Proc. SPIE 2703, Lasers as Tools for Manufacturing of Durable Goods and Microelectronics, (8 April 1996); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237749