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In this paper we show that 2 micrometers Tm3+:Ho3+ silica fiber lasers have promising properties for applications in laser medicine and in lidar applications. 2 micrometers lasers are interesting for measurements in the atmosphere since in this range there are several absorption lines of water vapor. 2 micrometers lasers can be used for lidar applications if their wavelength can be controlled. In contrast to crystal lasers glass fiber lasers can be tuned continuously over a range of about 80 nm. The excitation can be performed in a wide range of pump wavelengths and with different geometrical arrangements. With Ti:sapphire pumping a laser output of 71 mW with a slope efficiency of 17.5 percent has been reached. The possibility of side-pumping together with the development of fibers with lower losses will allow to reach the power levels that are necessary for the mentioned applications.
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Heinz P. Weber, Willy A.R. Luethy, "Tunability of a 2 um TmHo laser," Proc. SPIE 3176, Tunable Solid State Lasers, (1 November 1997); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.293475