Digital Subtraction Arteriography: Now And The Future

Andrew B. Crummy

doi:10.1117/12.933800

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29 December 1982 Digital Subtraction Arteriography: Now And The Future

Andrew B. Crummy

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Proceedings Volume 0347, Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine X; (1982) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.933800
Event: Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine X, 1982, New Orleans, United States

Abstract

Roentgen discovered x-rays in late 1895 and published his first paper on the subject December 28, 1895. Almost immediately it was recognized that blood and surrounding tissues provided similar x-ray attenuation and that studies of the cardiovascular system would require the use of some intravascular contrast medium. The first arteriogram was reported in January, 1896, by Haschek and Lindenthal who injected the arteries of a cadaver forearm with a medium that was largely calcium carbonate. It was not until 1927 that Moniz of Portugal reported the first successful arteriograms in patients. He studied the intracranial vasculature with iodinated contrast material which was injected by means of a needle placed in a surgically exposed carotid artery. In 1929, Dos Santos and his colleagues performed aortography with the contrast agent injected into the aorta by way of a translumbar approach. The same group also used one of the earliest pressure injections to ensure rapid delivery of the contrast material. These workers were using iodine as the atom which was incorporated into the contrast medium. Iodine has good biological compatibility and shows an abrupt increase in its x-ray attenuation coefficient at 33 kiloelectron volts and in the energy range commonly used in diagnostic x-ray images it is more efficient in producing x-ray shadows than lead. Iodine remains the contrast atom of choice.

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Andrew B. Crummy "Digital Subtraction Arteriography: Now And The Future", Proc. SPIE 0347, Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine X, (29 December 1982); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.933800

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