High-Q whispering-gallery mode sensor in liquids

Jay L. Nadeau; Vladimir S. Ilchenko; Dmitri Kossakovski; Gregory H. Bearman; Lute Maleki

doi:10.1117/12.469488

6 June 2002 High-Q whispering-gallery mode sensor in liquids

Jay L. Nadeau, Vladimir S. Ilchenko, Dmitri Kossakovski, Gregory H. Bearman, Lute Maleki

Proceedings Volume 4629, Laser Resonators and Beam Control V; (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.469488
Event: High-Power Lasers and Applications, 2002, San Jose, California, United States

Abstract

Optical sensing of biomolecules on microfabricated glass surfaces requires surface coatings that minimize nonspecific binding while preserving the optical properties of the sensor. Microspheres with whispering-gallery (WG) modes can achieve quality factor (Q) levels many orders of magnitude greater than those of other WG-based microsensors: greater than 10¹⁰ in air, and greater than 10⁹ in a variety of solvents, including methanol, H₂O and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The presence of dyes that absorb in the wavelength of the WG excitation in the evanescent zone can cause this Q value to drop by almost 3 orders of magnitude. Silanization of the surface with mercapto-terminal silanes is compatible with high Q (>10⁹), but chemical cross-linking of streptavidin reduces the Q to 10⁵-10⁶ due to build-up of a thick, irregular layer of protein. However, linkage of biotin to the silane terminus preserves the Q at a ~2x10⁷ and yields a reactive surface sensitive to avidin-containing ligands in a concentration-dependent manner. Improvements in the reliability of the surface chemistry show promise for construction of an ultrasensitive biosensor.

Citation Download Citation

Jay L. Nadeau, Vladimir S. Ilchenko, Dmitri Kossakovski, Gregory H. Bearman, and Lute Maleki "High-Q whispering-gallery mode sensor in liquids", Proc. SPIE 4629, Laser Resonators and Beam Control V, (6 June 2002); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.469488

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