Modal characteristics of 2D antiguided VCSEL arrays

Delai Zhou; Anatoly P. Napartovich; Nickolai N. Elkin; Dmitri V. Vysotsky; Luke J. Mawst

doi:10.1117/12.469231

4 June 2002 Modal characteristics of 2D antiguided VCSEL arrays

Delai Zhou, Anatoly P. Napartovich, Nickolai N. Elkin, Dmitri V. Vysotsky, Luke J. Mawst

Proceedings Volume 4649, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers VI; (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.469231
Event: Symposium on Integrated Optoelectronic Devices, 2002, San Jose, California, United States

Abstract

Cold-cavity modal behavior of a 2-D (4x4 square lattice geometry) antiguided vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array is studied by the means of an effective-index model and fiber-mode approximation. The calculations show that the 2-D array can operate under a resonant condition, provided that a resonance in both of the 1-D directions is satisfied. Although out-of-phase and adjacent modes will compete with the in-phase mode around its resonant position, our simulation shows that, with the introduction of inter-element loss, the in-phase mode can be favored to lase for a wide range of inter-element width, s, around its resonant position. The effective-index model is shown to be in qualitative agreement with a more comprehensive (exact) 3-D beam-propagation-based simulation, which takes into account the actual layered structure. The 2-D antiguides are constructed from shifting the cavity resonance between the element and inter-element regions and fabricated by chemically selective etching and two-step MOCVD growth. While both diffraction-limited resonant in-phase and out-of-phase modes are observed from top-emitting arrays, a 2-D bottom-emitting structure is adopted to improve heat removal. Preliminary results of 40 mW pulsed and 10 mW CW powers have been obtained from the junction up and down arrays respectively.

Citation Download Citation

Delai Zhou, Anatoly P. Napartovich, Nickolai N. Elkin, Dmitri V. Vysotsky, and Luke J. Mawst "Modal characteristics of 2D antiguided VCSEL arrays", Proc. SPIE 4649, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers VI, (4 June 2002); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.469231

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