Evolution of quantum packet of single electron in simple one-dimensional system was investigated. The spatial-temporal structures of probability density and Fourier spectra were studied in detail. Fluid-like behaviour of quantum packets and hydrodynamic variables, mean values, oscillations and refocusing are discussed. Packet motion in box with cube potential was investigated also.

Fiber acceleration sensors based on one end fixed fiber sections as an elastic element with own seismic mass are developed and researched. It is shown, that by reading traversal deformations of oscillating fiber sections we are able to increase accelerometers sensitvity by orders in comparison to detection of a longitudinal oscillating fibers configuration changes, as it was taken in a number of works. For precision and non-inertial acceleration detection, it is suggested to apply single frequency laser coupled to Fabry-Perot interferometer. The measuring laser system based on the single frequency semiconductor laser with a narrow linewidth (λ=1.5 μm) and single mode optical fibres was created to demonstrate basic physical properties accelerometers. This system allows to detect one end fixed fiber sections small linear traversal bend deformations, caused by inertial force. Small dielectric 100% reflecting mirror with neglecting mass was fixed on the other fiber section end. The input/output fiber end was used as the second mirror. It could be placed in few centimeters from the first one. It is experimentally approved, that 20 mm length fiber section first resonant frequency is 300 Hz. Sensor is accelerometer at low frequecnies with sensitivity range (10^-6 - 10^-2) m/s², and at higher frequencies (≥2 kHz) the sensor is vibrometer, which output is in proportion to sensor case displacement. Gain-frequency characteristic at 10 Hz - 10 kHz is measured. Multiplexed and 3-D sensors are mentioned as the next goal.

Coherent poperties and fine tuning of two FBG-based external cavity diode lasers were investigated. The external cavity length of each laser was as short as 10 mm. The linewidth was measured to be as narrow as several tens of kHz*m W and side mode suppression ratio of 30 dB was obtained. The tuning rate was measured to be 1MHz/mA that is three orders of magnitude less than typical value of injection lasers. The operating regime, in which tuning rate equals to zero, was observed. This fact makes FBG-based external cavity diode lasers very attractive for fine interferometric applications.

This paper deals with development of novel single-frequency tunable diode laser with fiber-optic output for gas-analysis applications. The approach we proposed is convenient, simple and cheap solution for spectroscopy of a single absorption lines of any gases having absorption bands in the optical fiber transparency window (0,7 ÷ 1,7 μm). The presence of fiber-optic output is an additional advantage for remote sensing applications. The laser operation was demonstrated in the case of the line R7 of methane absorption band 2v₃ at wavelength λ=1,645 μm. The mode-hop-free tuning range of 35 GHz (1,2 sm^-1) was achieved.

The opportunity of a Laser Power/Energy meter Laserstar application for determination of power laser radiation stability is considered. Influence of number of power sampling involved for calculation of stability is analyzed. It is established a connection between a digital device resolution and resolution at the determination of power radiation stablility. The examples of power radiation stability measurements for some lasers are given.

The paper is present the results of an acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) for color measurements research. The problem of control electrical signal determination is analyzed. The influence of signal parameters to AOTF's impulse response is explored. Different modulation types of a control RF-signal are given. The practical recommendations are offered.

The method that measures the parameters of the spectrum of the refractive index fluctuations of a turbulent medium by laser beams is put forward. The method can be used for knowledge the characteristics of the turbulence necessary at designing of laser information systems and systems for delivery of laser radiation. The information about the parametric kind of a spectrum is used as a priori information at this method. The method consists in estimating the statistic characteristics of the laser beam intensity in the observation plane and the solution of the system of equations. The system of equations is made on the basis of analytical relations between these statistic characteristics and spectrum. The domains of possible values of the parameters of spectrum of turbulent media are defined from these equations. These domains correspond to errors of measurements. The parameters of the turbulent media are calculated as the values that are common for the all domains of the possible values. The basic difference of a way from earlier ones used consists that parameters of a spectrum of fluctuations of a parameter of refraction estimate all in aggregate and simultaneously. It is the distinctive quality of this method.

The experimental studies of spatial characteristics for laser beams disturbed by a turbulent aero-engine jet were carried out. The angular divergence, random wanderings of the beam's centroid and statistical characteristics of stochaistic intensity distribution in cross-section of laser beams with radiation wavelengths of 1.06 and 0.53 microns were determined for different angles of the beam-jet intersection. On the basis of Monte-Carlo method a numerical mathematical model for lasre beam propagation through a turbulent jet of aero-engine has been designed. The model describes experimentally detected features beyond the framework of the standard model of a turbulent layer: strong dependence from radiation wabelength and spatial anisotropy of the distorted beam's statistical characteristics. A numerical simulation experiment, verification and adjustment of the designed beam propagation model for a following comparison of results obtained from full-scale and simulation experiments were carried out. With allowance for inevitable errors of measurements and calculations, there is a good agreement between almost all statistical characteristics of disturbed laser beams obtained in different configurations during full-scale and imitative experiments.

A laser system designed for complex testing of optical elements, such a determination of a nonlinear refraction index, a specific coefficient of radiation amplification under stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), optical elements surface damage threshold and establishment of platinum inclusions in active elements is described. Descriptions of measurement techniques and results obtained for widely used in multi-stage Nd-glass laser systems glasses, including new phosphate glass KGSS-0180, are presented.

We have elaborated and evaluated a new high-precision method of automated establishment of the position of an object. Unlike the method using laser theodolites, the desire object is defined not by a specular reflector, but a laser beam directed upwards (laser spotlight). In so doing, the photodetectores register the laser radiation scattered by the aerosol component of the atmosphere and propagating perpendicularly to the beam axis (side scattering). The intensities of the side scattering registered by the photodetectors have been estimated in terms of the current concepts as a function of the distance, laser radiation parameters, and the state of the atmosphere. The calculations have shown that despite the relatively small value of the side scattering intensity, it is possible to reliably register light signal from large distances with the use of sufficiently powerful lasers and high-sensitivity photodetectores. To evaluate the proposed method, we developed and tested under real conditions an operative model of a laser-optical system based on a small-size "dry" neodymium laser (peak power of 0.5 MW, pulse repetition rate up to 5 Hz). The model is able to automatically establish the position of an object at a distance of up to 0.5 km to an accuracy no worse than 20 cm in a locality blocked from direct observation.

A new polarimetric fiber-optic sensor with passive and remote sensing head has been introduced. The pseudo-heterodyne detection is applied for the sensor work. The modulation of phase difference of the fiber modes is induced due to change the fiber birefringence with the help of axial strain or lateral pressure. The sensor resolution can potentially reach the resolution of two-fiber interferometers. The sensor scheme is free from some drawbacks are specific to two-fiber interferometric sensors. The sensor can be utilized as vibrometer, acoustic sensor, accelerometer, etc., according to construction of the sensing head.

Optical fiber disturbance act detection by means mode interference in multimode fiber is described. Theory model of signals and structure of registration devices are discussed. Results of theory research and experiments explain the mode interference signal behavior and form the base for effective applications.

The article is devoted to the problem of accuracy increase a t measurement of surface geometry with triangulation meters. It is shown, that the threshold of the signal selection from a photoreceiver and the time of exposure influence the accuracy of measurement. The choice of magnitude of the threshold and exposure time which make the accuracy increase of measurements possible is substantiated.

The work reports development of the technical vision system (TVS), included into the metal structure arc welding process automatic control system in shipbuilding. Version of construction and optimization of the sensor system (SS) of TVS and its main componenets - irradiation and television unit (ITU) and program and computer system are considered. TVS allows to control geometrical parameters of the butt of joined parts of various configurations and welded seam and also develops signals on control of matched movement of a torch with real line of a welded joint, adjustment of feed of welding components (wire, fluxes, gases) and arc welding parameters. The non-contact method of triangulation measurement, used in TVS, provides resolution of geometrical sizes in real time scale not lower than 50 μm.

Impulse laser rangefinders (ILR) on the basis of coherent radiation sources with various spectral structure characteristics complex analysis results are stated. Hardware and tehnological ILR realization opportunities with both located objects and information light streams extending environment (atmosphere) typical characteristics so as levels of probing optical signals biological influence are taken into account.

The design of multichannel data acquisition computer controlled setup for the pyroelectric measurement in a wide range of DC bias and ambient temperatures (280-350 K) under different conditions of pyroelectric currents is presented. The ceramic samples of 0.9 Pb Mg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ - 0.1 PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) solid solutions prepared in Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute were selected for measurements. The figures of merit of this ceramics calculated using the measured dielectric and pyroelectric data are presented in comparison with other pyroelectric materials and IR detectors.

The opportunity to use the compact high-stable interferometer for testing of optical materials homogeneity, in particular, laser and nonlinear crystals, Q-switchers and others is analyzed. The interferometer is based on modified Michelson scheme with using corner cubes and works with laser sources of different visible and infrared wave lengths. The analyzes and processes of interferometric picture visibility functions for using laser sources with different mode radiation are discussed. As it shown the laser source for interferometer may be not only one mode laser but a laser with some modes which has a periodical visibility function. In the presented interferometer the measurements of wave fronts distortions are realized with using of one mode He-Ne laser with wavelength radiation 0,63 μm and some modes YAG:Nd³⁺ on 1,06 μm. The comparison of measurements results showed good repeatability and repetitions. It's shown that sensitive of this interferometer to transmitted wave front quality is about λ/10 on parameter peak to valley (PV) error representing the highest and lowest points, more good then 0.02-0.03 λ on parameter root mean square (RMS) deviations from plane front of radiation and some angular seconds to value of optical wedge.

The method of the erythrocytes aggregation determination has been considered in the work. The diffraction of the laser radiation on the erythrocytes has been used for the aggregation degree estimation. The results of modelling of laser radiation on the aggregating erythrocytes are submitted. The experimental data are in a good agreement with the theoretical data.

The experimental research and theoretical modeling of the erythrocyte refractive index have been carried out. It has been proposed the model of the erythrocyte refractive index determination by means of two wavelengths. It has been shown that the accuracy of the erythroctye refractive index determination increases when the wavelengths decreases. The obtained data of the erythrocyte refractive index on 0,63 and 0,53 micron wavelengths are in a good agreement with a dispersion dependence of the erythrocyte refractive index. The value of the obtained refractive index by means of two wavelengths method are in a good agreement with the refractive index of the erythrocyte on 0,63 and 0,53 micron wavelengths.

In this work the model of the optoelectronic measuring system with an optical equisignal zone using a two-wavelength spectral method for compensation of atmosphere refraction's influence in land stratum is considered. The optical and electrical scheme of the model, and also equations describing process of a measurement and compensation refraction's influence is resulted. These stated materials produce the model of such system.

A relation between the intensity reflectances of approximately one-dimensional and one-dimensional rough surfaces within the diffraction solid angle in the specular direction for normal incidence is derived for an rms roughness greater than a wavelength. The relation shows that the reflectance of an approximately one-dimensional rough surface is proportional to the reflectance of a one-dimension rough surface. The validity of the derived relation is studied for an approximately one-dimensional rough steel surface with an rms roughness of 1.3 μm and a correlation length of 15.2 μm. The wavelength was 0.6328 μm and the angle of incidence was 4°. The reflectance of the rough steel surface was measured and estimated from the derived relation. Satisfactory agreement was found between the estimated and measured reflectance values.

The peculiarities of space-time structure of injection lasers and light-emitted diodes analyzers with utilization of phase detectors in very high frequency region on the basis of photomultiplier tubes, operating in phase detection mode in cathode area, are stated. At that, accuracy of phase difference variation in near-field region of radiation of semiconductor source of light reaches the values equivalent to time resolution ~ 2.5•10^-13s.

The polymer films are widely used as the reflecting materials in any type of optical system. It demands the detail studies of the basics and threshold parameters of laser ablation destruction such a materials in the power laser radiation with pulse energy density in range from 1 up to 100 J/cm². The probability of the target laser ablation destruction versus the incident laser radiation energy density dependencies for any polymers - the high pressure polyethylene, eopxy compound, polytetraphluoroethylene and rubber for comparing - have been a subject of the experimental studies. It takes into account all of the energy distribution channels - reflectance, scattering and absorbance for laser ablation of these samples. These results show that about 11% of absorbed laser pulse energy was transfered to the target as the shock wave spreading in it when the target thickness is greater than the distance which this shock wave spreads in the time of laser pulse action.

In this paper on the basis of the development and manufacture experience of two-mode lasers, i.e. two-frequency laser with linear orthogonal polarizations of generated waves (used in heterodyne interferometry) and four-frequency ring lasers with linear orthogonal mode polarizations (used in differential laser gyros) described and analyzed are: a new measurement and control method of multilayer dielectric mirrors phase anisotropy during the deposition (by analyzing the mirror surface-reflected two-frequency radiation with linear orthogonal components), block diagram of control measurement device based on the two-frequency laser used in the vacuum-evaporation plant as well as a measurement signal shaping algorithm and the proposed measurement method accuracy characteristics. The correction methods of multilayer dielectric mirrors phase anisotropy (and laser orthogonally polarized waves difference beat frequency) used in the manufacture proces of two-mode lasers (linear and ring) are reviewed. At the stage of vacuum technological processing of the laser, soldered to a vacuum-exhaust station (or after its cutting off from the station) a predetermined generated wave beat frequency by using a special SHF mirror processing is achieved as well as mirror phase anisoptropy stabilization and drift decrease of the relevant beat frequency of the orthogonally polarized waves during laser operation is provided.

The development of the computerized contact white light interferometer is considered. The interferometer is designed for calibration of the standard reference end gauges and other objects in linear range 0,1-100 mm with resolution 0,01 mkm. The salient features of digital processing of the interference images are presented, including architecture of frame grabber and corresponding software. The computerization is in full agreement with the standardized procedures of calibration, increases the accuracy and productivity of measurement, extends their functional opportunities.

The optical method of simultaneous measurements of velocity and size of moving particles are described. The method based on numerical processing of the impulses of the photo receiver registering intensity of radiation diffracted on moving particles. Usage of photodetectors with the special shape of photosensitive areas and special computer programs allow simultaneously and separately to measure speeds and sizes of drops, including "large" with radius R>1 mm and more. The examples of implementation of the method are adduced.

The mathematical model permitting to describe the spectral-polarizational characteristics of single mode optical fibers with local defects, resulting in energy interchanging of different modes polarizations is esteemed. The experimental research carried out verifying the found regularities.

The necessity of forming of physical signal theory (ST), whch is adequate to quantum electronics (QE) problems, is substantiated, and its elements are stated. The forming of physical ST is based on ST fundamental postulates, quantum Planck postulate, Einstein hypothesis about light quanta and energy expression of electromagnetic (EM) field in quantum electrodynamics. On the base of this statemet mathematical formulation of quantum Planck postulate is given. This formulation is the basic of exact, quantum description of signal in the form of EM field. A relation between exact, quantum description of signal and its classical approximation is established. Thus fundamental problem of quantum and classical physics join is solved for EM field. Obtained results are applied to spontaneous and monochromatic oscillations description.

Offered alternative approach to the probabilistic analysis of nonlinear transformations of stochastic processes on the grounds of using a formula of change variables in the stochastic integral Ito. It is shown that in cognate conditions results of the analysis comply with results of the known transformation method of probability density functions.

Wigner's function is described for signals, built on the basis of Barker's Code, found for some compound pulses. It is shown that one can define carrier frequency of signal find number of phase jumps by the form of Wigner's function.

The problem of communication of the spectral characteristics of sources the optical radiations with the assay values of their spectra optical spectral device (SD) base on the acoustooptic tunable filters (AOTF) is decided. For three kinds of a control signal basic performances of teh optical SD based on AOTF are determined: a spectrum spread function a transfer function and a pulse response. It is contacted between them. The procedure of transformation of SD random signals of optical sources is described. In the capactiy of control signals the following are observed: a simple harmonic motion, oscillation iwth linear variation of an instantaneous frequency and oscillation with step variation of an instantaneous frequency. A mathematical modelling process of spectral measurements by an optical part of SD is made and also questions postdetection processing of the spectrometric information are probed. Recommendations of mode selection of SD are formulated.

Performance characteristics of the acoutsto-optical spectrometers for some radioastronomical applications are discussed. The main attention is given to the long-term stability of the acousto-optical spectrometer's frequency characteristics. It is shown that a problem of the frequency scale thermal instabilities can be overcome by using the suitable correction, based on the proposed model of the frequency scale drifts. For the acousto-optical spectrometers under consideration a simple method of the frequency scale drifts correction by using the data from measuring of a single reference signal's frequency was developed and applied for correction of molecular lines observations data. More careful procedure for more exigent applications, such as pulsar timing, is considered.

The new type acoustooptic (AO) processor for observation weak radioemission from cosmic sources - pulsars is developed. The processor is pipeline type one. It executes compensation of a dispersion in broad frequency band. AO pulsar processor consists of AO spectrum analyzer with usage of special pipeline operational mode of CCD, which one allows to execute addition a spectral component of received radio emission with an adjustable dwell in the CCD. The processor used for the first time (June 2002) at Russian radio telescope PT-64 (Kalyasin, Moscow region) FIAN observatory on frequency 1,4 GHz in a band 45 MHz. Experimental results and pulsars profiles are submitted.

The visual model of a modified adaptive acousto-optic interference canceller is designed using the software Simulink 4.0 on the basis of the algorithm presented in the paper. The effectiveness of the sinusoidal, impulse and noise interference cancellation is investigated by means of the model.

In this paper a liquid-crystal phase modulator (LCPM) is investigated, the volt-phase chracteristics being important parameter of this modulator. This LCPM is the most impotent element in acousto-optic scheme of quasi-matched filter, which allows controlling of impulse response. Method of measurement of volt-phase characteristic of LCFM is described. Experimental results that were obtained are considered.

In recent years, one of the most tremendous outcomes of photonics research has been the rapid and impressive development of Raman fiber amplifiers (RFA). RFA will play an increasing role in future optical fiber communication (OFC) systems. One can select the following two types of RFA: - distributed RFA (DRFA); - discrete, or lumped RFA (LRFA). DRFA are increasingly utilized in OFC during recent years. In DRFA a part of transmission fiber itself is used as an amplifier fiber. In LRFA, one usually uses special fibers (Raman fibers) with characteristics that enable LRFA to operate effectively. The numerical and analytical solutions of the coupled differential equations for the Raman amplification in optical fiber are investigated. The silica fibers as a part of link itself and a special tellurium Raman fiber have been considered. An approach for the performance evaluation of digital optically amplified fiber-optic communication links is demonstrated. A revised time domain models for OFC systems with Raman fiber amplifiers have been discussed. These models have been used to evaluate the end-to-end performance of typical links, and the calculated results are in good agreement with experimental ones. It is conceivable that a new development in optical communication systems will lead toward all-optical networks being brought about by employment of Raman fiber amplifiers.

New technique of optical information recording on the semiconductor MIS-structures with a thin nano-dimensional dielectric layer (TI), (M(TI)S) is discussed. This technique provides high speed of optical information recording (up to 10⁶ cycle per second) and also gives an opportunity to design new types of the optoelectronic devices.

Determination of the regime, which permits to achieve high diffraction efficiency for the cross-order in a two-coordinate deflector, is presented. This analysis is carried out to find the optimal directions of propagation and polarization of acoustic waves and incident optical beams. We determine conditions for increasing the number of resolvable spots in a two-coordinate deflector.

It has been shown experimentally, that the polarization characteristics of a scattered radiation at λ=0,63 μm and under certain conditions of probing, linearly polarized in a plane of incidence by a laser radiation, and also observation are responsive to changes in structure and composition of blood and can be used for diagnostic purposes.

A new technique of image processing, based on signal resolution in accordance with its own functions of transformation of Fourier-Hermite functions, is represented in this work. The present technique was used to estimate the structure of biotissue under research. Experimentally obtained images of a model medium and tissue of a man's ear (volunteer) in vivo were compared under conditions of coherent and non-coherent optical illumination. The obtained results and prospects of the present method developing in medical application are discussed. The possibility of the suggested method of image processing being an element of optical tomograph of new type is analyzed in this work.

In this paper application of laser irradiation for medicine therapy is discussed. 168 patients aged 16 to 53 with acquired defects and deformities of the maxillofacial area and 23 patients aged 18 to 47 with posttraumatic optic nerve atrophy were observed. Also 56 children aged 5 to 12 with inborn maxillofacial deformities and inborn ptosises were observed. New method of laser therapy to enhance healing and results of clinical application of this method is represented.

This paper is devoted to new prospects for ointment photophoresis. The clinical applications of ointment photophoresis are presented. Obtained results of clinical investigations are discussed. The goal of our study has been to corroborate some physical and pharmacological principles for photophoresis of selected ointments.

In this paper the medical application of He-Ne lasers for the treatment of bronchial asthma is described. Research objective of this work was the development of a treatment method for children with bronchial asthman of heavy and medium-heavy forms, resistant to the base therapy, with the help of low-intensive laser radiation with wave length λ=0,63 μm.

Computer program for realisation of simulation of the measurement of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of the IR lenses and its application to solution of the named problem are presented. The simulation was realised by means of the Monte-Carlo method (MC) and its realization, in case of given calculatd parameters of the tested lens and specified measuring tools, has enabled the estimation of the measurements errors and optimization of the measurements process.