Improving adhesion of polypyrrole to gold for long-term actuation

Yingkai Liu; Qi Gan; Shermeen Baig; Elisabeth Smela

doi:10.1117/12.599753

6 May 2005 Improving adhesion of polypyrrole to gold for long-term actuation

Yingkai Liu, Qi Gan, Shermeen Baig, Elisabeth Smela

Proceedings Volume 5759, Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD); (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.599753
Event: SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, 2005, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

Improving the lifetime of conjugated polymer-based devices that undergo repeated cyclic electrical stimulation, such as actuators, is important for commercialization. In general, conjugated polymers are contacted by metal electrodes; strain from volume change can cause the polymers to delaminate, which slowly deteriorates performance or results in sudden device failure. In this paper, we used polypyrrole on gold to investigate methods for improving adhesion. Gold electrode surfaces were roughened through electroplating, and the adhesion of polypyrrole deposited on these surfaces was tested upon extended electrochemical cycling. Delamination was quantified using a tape test and followed versus cycle number until the polypyrrole was removed or was no longer electroactive. Untreated control surfaces were also monitored. The most effective method for improving adhesion was a 1 μm thick layer of electroplated Au, which extending the lifetime of the interface beyond the 50,000 cycle lifetime of PPy in aqueous solutions.

Citation Download Citation

Yingkai Liu, Qi Gan, Shermeen Baig, and Elisabeth Smela "Improving adhesion of polypyrrole to gold for long-term actuation", Proc. SPIE 5759, Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD), (6 May 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.599753

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