Resonant Raman studies on multi walled carbon nanotubes treated in acids

Pagona Papakonstantinou; Hayley Murphy; Thomas Okpalugo

doi:10.1117/12.605178

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2 June 2005 Resonant Raman studies on multi walled carbon nanotubes treated in acids

Pagona Papakonstantinou, Hayley Murphy, Thomas Okpalugo

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Proceedings Volume 5824, Opto-Ireland 2005: Nanotechnology and Nanophotonics; (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.605178
Event: OPTO-Ireland, 2005, Dublin, Ireland

Abstract

We present changes in the first and second order Raman spectra of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) induced by wet chemical methods. The MWNTs studied were initially treated in HCl to remove the metal growth catalyst and subsequently were subjected to two acid purification routes: 1) reflux in HNO₃ acid and 2) ultrasonification in 3 HNO₃ :1H₂SO₄. Raman spectroscopy, using two laser excitation wavelengths (514.5 and 632.8 nm) and XPS were employed to study the evolution of the products. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of oxygen functionalities and electron extraction phenomena. Charge transfer phenomena were observed by a shift of the C1s core level towards higher binding energies. We found that the intensity of both the D and G energy Raman modes if normalized to the second order mode D* mode follow similar trends upon acid treatments. We interpret this result together with the observed dispersion of G mode as an indication that the G mode in carbon nanotubes is defect induced, in a double resonant process. Both acid schemes cause an up-shift of D and G Raman modes, due to intercalation of acid molecules, exerting pressure on the sp² structure and an electron transfer from the p states in MWNTs to the oxygen atoms.

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Pagona Papakonstantinou, Hayley Murphy, and Thomas Okpalugo "Resonant Raman studies on multi walled carbon nanotubes treated in acids", Proc. SPIE 5824, Opto-Ireland 2005: Nanotechnology and Nanophotonics, (2 June 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.605178

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