Computer-aided segmentation and 3D analysis of in vivo MRI examinations of the human vocal tract during phonation

Axel Wismüller; Johannes Behrends; Phil Hoole; Gerda L. Leinsinger; Anke Meyer-Baese; Maximilian F. Reiser

doi:10.1117/12.770836

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12 March 2008 Computer-aided segmentation and 3D analysis of in vivo MRI examinations of the human vocal tract during phonation

Axel Wismüller, Johannes Behrends, Phil Hoole, Gerda L. Leinsinger, Anke Meyer-Baese, Maximilian F. Reiser

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 6916, Medical Imaging 2008: Physiology, Function, and Structure from Medical Images; 69160T (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.770836
Event: Medical Imaging, 2008, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

We developed, tested, and evaluated a 3D segmentation and analysis system for in vivo MRI examinations of the human vocal tract during phonation. For this purpose, six professionally trained speakers, age 22-34y, were examined using a standardized MRI protocol (1.5 T, T1w FLASH, ST 4mm, 23 slices, acq. time 21s). The volunteers performed a prolonged (≥21s) emission of sounds of the German phonemic inventory. Simultaneous audio tape recording was obtained to control correct utterance. Scans were made in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes each. Computer-aided quantitative 3D evaluation included (i) automated registration of the phoneme-specific data acquired in different slice orientations, (ii) semi-automated segmentation of oropharyngeal structures, (iii) computation of a curvilinear vocal tract midline in 3D by nonlinear PCA, (iv) computation of cross-sectional areas of the vocal tract perpendicular to this midline. For the vowels /a/,/e/,/i/,/o/,/ø/,/u/,/y/, the extracted area functions were used to synthesize phoneme sounds based on an articulatory-acoustic model. For quantitative analysis, recorded and synthesized phonemes were compared, where area functions extracted from 2D midsagittal slices were used as a reference. All vowels could be identified correctly based on the synthesized phoneme sounds. The comparison between synthesized and recorded vowel phonemes revealed that the quality of phoneme sound synthesis was improved for phonemes /a/ and /y/, if 3D instead of 2D data were used, as measured by the average relative frequency shift between recorded and synthesized vowel formants (p<0.05, one-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test). In summary, the combination of fast MRI followed by subsequent 3D segmentation and analysis is a novel approach to examine human phonation in vivo. It unveils functional anatomical findings that may be essential for realistic modelling of the human vocal tract during speech production.

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Axel Wismüller, Johannes Behrends, Phil Hoole, Gerda L. Leinsinger, Anke Meyer-Baese, and Maximilian F. Reiser "Computer-aided segmentation and 3D analysis of in vivo MRI examinations of the human vocal tract during phonation", Proc. SPIE 6916, Medical Imaging 2008: Physiology, Function, and Structure from Medical Images, 69160T (12 March 2008); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.770836

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