Concave diffraction gratings fabricated with planar lithography

S. Grabarnik; A. Emadi; H. Wu; G. De Graaf; R. F. Wolffenbuttel

doi:10.1117/12.781057

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14 May 2008 Concave diffraction gratings fabricated with planar lithography

S. Grabarnik, A. Emadi, H. Wu, G. De Graaf, R. F. Wolffenbuttel

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Proceedings Volume 6992, Micro-Optics 2008; 699214 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.781057
Event: SPIE Photonics Europe, 2008, Strasbourg, France

Abstract

This paper reports on the development and validation of a new technology for the fabrication of variable line-spacing non-planar diffraction gratings to be used in compact spectrometers. The technique is based on the standard lithographic process commonly used for pattern transfer onto a flat substrate. The essence of the technology presented here is the lithographic fabrication of a planar grating structure on top of a flexible membrane on a glass or silicon wafer and the subsequent deformation of the membrane using a master shape. For the validation of the proposed technology we fabricated several reflection concave diffraction gratings with the f-numbers varying from 2 to 3.8 and a diameter in the 4 - 7 mm range. A glass wafer with circular holes was laminated by dry-film resist to form the membranes. Subsequently, standard planar lithography was applied to the top part of the membranes for realizing grating structures. Finally the membranes were deformed using plano-convex lenses in such a way that precise lens alignment is not required. A permanent non-planar structure remains after curing. The imaging properties of the fabricated gratings were tested in a three-component spectrograph setup in which the cleaved tip of an optical fiber served as an input slit and a CCD camera was used as a detector. This simple spectrograph demonstrated subnanometer spectral resolution in the 580 - 720 nm range.

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S. Grabarnik, A. Emadi, H. Wu, G. De Graaf, and R. F. Wolffenbuttel "Concave diffraction gratings fabricated with planar lithography", Proc. SPIE 6992, Micro-Optics 2008, 699214 (14 May 2008); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.781057

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