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26 August 2008Microbolometer sensor model for performance predictions and
real-time image generation of infrared scenes and targets
Presented is a comprehensive, physics-based model for microbolometer detector and sensor performance prediction. The
model combines equations found in the literature and various standard models that generate NETD, MRTD, 3-D noise
statistics and atmosphere characteristics (MODTRAN-based), with a comprehensive microbolometer model and HgCdTe
model developed by the author to provide an end-to-end detector/FPA/sensor analysis and design tool, as well as a
realistic image sequence generation tool. The model characterizes the individual pixel element based on the structure
used, the various layer thicknesses, the electrical and thermal characteristics of the bolometer material and the biasing
and readout circuit, and uses these results to calculate response and noise, NEP and NETD. The NETD, MTF and
MRTD are predicted from the optics, detector and readout. Predicted NETD has been compared and verified with values
found in literature, results from other models, and to uncooled camera measurements. The MRTD prediction has been
verified with camera measurements and with standard industry MRTD model outputs. The model also calculates
atmospheric path radiance and transmittance for horizontal paths based on MODTRAN outputs for the LWIR band at
altitudes from 0 to 10km and ranges from 1 to 50km for assessments of air-to-air engagement SNR's. The model in
matlab utililizes a 3-D noise model to provide accurate realistic imagery used to present realistic sensor images and to
further validate the NETD and MRTD routines.(1) Images at 30Hz and 60Hz have been generated for visual assessment
by the user and have mirrored industry model results and real-time camera images for MRTD's for the temporal noise
case. The model's 3-D noise generation feature allows the prediction of MRTD vs. frequency under any 3-D noise
combination. This model provides an end-to-end performance prediction tool useful in bolometer element design,
readout design and for system level trade studies.
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Robert A. Richwine, Yash R. Puri, Ashok K. Sood, Raymond S. Balcerak, Stuart Horn, Glenn Baker, Michael Wilson, "Microbolometer sensor model for performance predictions and real-time image generation of infrared scenes and targets," Proc. SPIE 7055, Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology III, 70550T (26 August 2008); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801337