This pdf file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7730, including Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee listing.

A novel holographic data storage (HDS) system with dual-reference beam is proposed. Several servo techniques that construct a read and write procedure of the HDS system are introduced and experimentally confirmed.

Lippmann photography is a more than one century old interferometric process invented for recording colored images in thick black and white photographic emulsions. After a comparison between this photographic process and Denisyuk holography, we feature some hints to apply this technique to high density data storage by wavelength multiplexing in a page-oriented approach in thick media. For the first time we experimentally investigate this approach. We anticipated that this storage architecture should allow capacities as large as for conventional holography.

We present a new approach for single shot multi wavelengths contouring using the broad spectrum of a fs-laser. The spectral distribution of a fs-laser contains a multitude of discrete frequencies which principally can be separated and simultaneously used for gathering holograms with different wavelengths. In order to investigate the characteristics of this approach, we have built up a setup using a tuneable dye-laser. Several wavelengths of the dye laser have been spatially distributed for the reference wave on the hologram target. Holograms at different wavelengths are recorded and superimposed numerically afterwards to guarantee resemblance to the fs-laser setup. In this paper we describe the theoretical background, derive an algorithm for noise-reduced reconstruction and show corresponding experimental results.

Microholographic recording with multiplexing of ten bits has been experimentally demonstrated by the combination of wavelength multiplexing and angle multiplexing. The wavelength of the beams has been varied in two states and the incident angle of the beams on the recording medium has been varied in five states. New coding methods to which these technologies are applied have also been proposed. They lead to the effective use of the dynamic range of the recording medium. It is expected that terabyte-order recording capacity would be achieved by further combining these technologies with three-dimensional shift multiplexing technologies.

We developed a compact and high-power mode-locked fiber laser for three-dimensional optical memory. Fiber lasers have the potential to be compact and stable light sources that can replace bulk solid-state lasers. To generate high-power pulses, we used stretched-pulse mode locking. The average power and pulse width of the output pulse from the fiber laser that we developed were 109 mW and 2.1 ps, respectively. The dispersion of the output pulse was compensated with an external single-mode fiber of 2.5 m length. The pulse was compressed from 2.1 ps to 93 fs by dispersion compensation. The pulse emitted from this fiber laser has a sufficient energy to generate two-photon recording effectively, so the fiber laser we have developed is possible to use as a light source of three-dimensional optical memory. We also propose an all-fiber recording and readout system for multilayered memories.

We confirmed the feasibility of a 16-layer write once disc based on Blu-ray Disc optics that was fabricated with inorganic recording material Bi-Ge-O. The total capacity of the disc achieved 400 GB and 512 GB per single disc side with BD 1x recording speed utilizing conventional BD technique.

A system using homodyne detection to read out signals from optical discs was simplified by using a high-coherence laser light source. The quality of the readout signal with the simplified system was substantially greater than with conventional detection.

We present simulations and experimental results on encoding information both in the longitudinal and transverse directions of an optical beam reflected from an asymmetric pit. The method does not require interferometric detection but is based on intensity measurements using a simple quadrant detector. In addition, we also discuss the implementation of this scheme in an optical recording setup and make an analysis of the crosstalk between neighboring pits.

High density rewritable recording and readout characteristics with a solid immersion lens (SIL)-based near-field recording (NFR) are investigated. Substrates for high density are prepared using a phase transition mastering technique. Cover-layers with different refractive index for different effective numerical apertures in the SIL optics are coated on rewritable NFR discs for cover-layer incident near-field recording configuration. Two different effective numerical apertures are chosen between 1.45 and 1.85 to cope with about 70 GB and more than 100 GB per disc, respectively. The performance readout signals is investigated and compared in terms of increasing recording densities with reducing track pitch.

We study the tolerance characteristic of SIAX and suggest a newly designed SIL-Axicon system for the better tolerances. Methods for checking beam quality, optimization and remaining problems are suggested. SIL-Axicon system shows more tolerances in the uniformity of beam incident angle. Bessel beam (BB) with SIL can be used for multi layer high density data storage systems. We study the tolerance characteristic of SIAX and suggest a newly designed SIL-Axicon system for the better tolerances.

In heat assisted magnetic recording, near field optical transducer is a key component for its success. Due to the near field properties, the transducer design has to be done combining with media. FePt is a potential recording material for heat assisted recording. In this paper, the measured optical constant of FePt thin film was introduced, and the design and simulation of c-aperture transducer with FePt media for multiple Tb/in² heat assisted magnetic recording application were performed. The light spot sizes of around 15nm with high efficiency were obtained. Optical transducer is used to heat the media locally. Its final target is to generate smaller thermal profile to meet the requirement of recording density. Therefore, using obtained beam spot as heat source, thermal simulations were carried out with media material's thermal parameters. The simulation results show that recording density of 3Tb/in² is possible.

This work presents a thermal analysis that explains experimental observation in all-optical magnetic recording (AOMR). An integrated model is used to describe thermal processes at different time scales in AOMR. The formation of magnetic marks is discussed and implemented by developing a simulator based on 3-dimensional finite element method (FEM). The simulator is able to carry out thermal analysis of the thin film media and is a useful tool for design of AOMR media structure, especially for the thermal sink layer.

Thin films properties of amorphous TbFeCo were studied to determine its suitability for use in all optical magnetic recording. Ellipsometric techniques have been used to determine the optical properties of the films in the wavelength range of 350 to 800 nm. The effects of film thickness, Ar flow rate and presence of Ag under layer on magnetic properties were also investigated.

Optical channel properties of InSb-based super-resolution disc systems are estimated using an adaptive Volterra filter. Channel characteristics for minimum mark lengths of 80 and 60 nm and track pitches of 320 and 260 nm are presented.

Nichia and InPhase have co-developed a Blue ECLD that works successfully in InPhase's Tapestry Holographic Data Storage (HDS) drive [1]. In order to commercialize the HDS, InPhase and Nichia have moved into a production development phase. In this paper we report on recent, dramatic improvements in ECLD reliability.

InPhase Technologies is developing a holographic data storage drive with a target lifetime of at least 10 years. The laser light source is a key component of the drive. Based on the limited lifetimes of early blue laser diodes, we made the laser a modular and replaceable unit to minimize drive downtime and insure that the overall HDS drive meets the long lifetime goal. Previously, we reported on one part of the laser module, the blue external cavity diode laser (ECLD) that we co-developed with Nichia Corporation [1]. In this paper we report on the rest of the laser module, which prepares coherent, wavelength tunable light from the ECLD for insertion into an HDS drive.

A real-time background correction technique is reported for digital data page holographic storage. Two inverted binary data pages are recorded at the same location in recording media with two inverted random phase coded reference beams using a rotating half-wave plate. Adding the two detected inverted data pages from same media location creates background image with noise at that media location. The background image is used to successfully perform the background correction to reduce the noise of detected digital data pages.

Azobenzene-containing diblock copolymers are a promising material class for holographic data storage. They have many advantages, yet, a problem are their long writing times. Low-molecular-weight glasses containing azobenzene moieties are also photo-addressable and develop holographic gratings much faster. By blending molecular glass formers with diblock copolymers, materials for holographic data storage with distinctly improved properties can be obtained. The writing times of holographic gratings in the blends decrease with increasing content of the molecular glass former; nevertheless, the gratings are still stable.

Photonics product statistics in Japan provided by OITDA is shown and analyzed from the aspect of three basic issues those the Japanese R & D state is facing. They are (1) off-shoring due to the deep integration in east Asia, (2) industry-academia collaboration and (3) global warming issue. The challengeable photonics R&D will come by aiming the volume zone market to get rid of the Galapagos problem and by opening innovation through the international collaboration. The connecting of the photonics products to the broadband systems are prospective to lead the "Green Digital Economy.

Building scalable quantum information systems is a central challenge facing modern science. Single spins in diamond are a promising platform for distributed quantum information networks and precision measurements. I will discuss recent progress in this field demonstrating coherent operations with coupled electron-nuclear spin quantum registers and nanoscale precision magnetometry. Our experiments demonstrate addressing, preparation, and coherent control of individual nuclear spin qubits in the diamond lattice at room temperature. We have measured spin coherence times exceeding milliseconds, and observed coherent coupling to nearby electronic and nuclear spins. Robust initialization of a two-qubit register and transfer of arbitrary quantum states between electron and nuclear spin qubits has been achieved. Our results show that coherent operations are possible with individual solid-state qubits whose coherence properties approach those for isolated atoms and ions. The resulting electron-nuclear few-qubit registers can potentially serve as small processor nodes in a quantum network where the electron spins are coupled by optical photons.

Two types of novel two-photon sensitized recording material writable at 405 nm and 522nm were developed. The fluorescent dye generation type (F-type) material consists of at least two-photon absorption dye (TPAD) and fluorescent dye precursor (FDP), which is non-fluorescent before two-photon recording and fluorescent after two-photon recording due to fluorescent dye generation. The fluorescence quench type (Q-type) material, on the other hand, consists of at least TPAD, fluorescent dye (FD) and fluorescent quencher precursor (QP), which is fluorescent before two-photon recording and the fluorescence intensity is reduced after two-photon recording at the recorded spot due to fluorescent quencher generation. Both types of material showed quadratic dependency of recording light intensity at 522 and 405 nm. A twenty-layer two-photon recording media was fabricated with the Q-type material, and two-photon recording and onephoton fluorescent signal readout was successfully conducted.

Holographic display is a true three-dimensional (3D) display technology presenting all depth cues without using any special glasses. In this paper, we first introduce a monochrome digital 3D holographic display system developed at Data Storage Institute (DSI), which is capable of displaying both static and dynamic 3D objects reconstructed from computer-generated holograms (CGHs). The system can also display 50-Mpixel holograms at 25 Hz refresh rate via a novel hologram tiling approach, which enables the increase of displayed image size. A futuristic vision for full high-definition (HD) digital 3D holographic display is then proposed and analyzed. The dynamic reconstruction of full-HD 3D objects from CGHs has been preliminarily demonstrated. Finally, we introduce the development trends of its enabling technologies such as highperformance computing, new algorithms, data storage and transmission, spatial light modulator (SLM) and RGB (red, green and blue) laser sources.

A novel multi-level scheme using optical phase is proposed. It overcomes drawbacks in conventional multi-level schemes and greatly enhances capacity and transfer rate of microholographic optical discs. We demonstrate its feature of high signal-to-noise ratio.

Read/write characteristics for two types of novel two-photon sensitized fluorescent recording materials are described. A newly developed "Palm-top" femto-second solid state laser was used to recording source. Intensity of the fluorescent readout signal is estimated from 10 to 100nW at detector surface.

The linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) method is tested to examine its effectiveness in optimizing the coefficients of the FIR filter. The real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA), is also applied and the result is compared with that for the LMMSE.

A simplified computational model for super resolution effect in optical discs is proposed and simulations are compared with experimental results, providing basic understanding of this phenomenon. Simulations show that resolution beyond the diffraction limit is achieved and signal destruction occurs at some frequencies when the super resolution layer is activated.

In this paper we study the dynamics of refractive index modulation in a dual-monomer photopolymer through grating growth under different experiment stages. By using different sets of parameters for vinyl monomers (NVC) and acrylate monomers (POEA) respectively, a composite dual-monomer model, extended from the uniform post-exposure (UPE) model for single monomer photopolymer, is proposed and fitted with the experiment data very well. Further discussions indicate that the dominant contribution to the total index modulation is made by NVC monomers, and a brief explanation of the function of POEA monomers is given.

The plastic substrates, reflective layers, dyes, and adhesives of four archival-grade DVDs and one standard-grade recordable DVD were analyzed to determine their chemical compositions and/or physical dimensions. Chemical analyses by ATR-FTIR, ToF-SIMS, XPS and EDX/STEM show that all these DVDs use very similar polycarbonate plastic substrates and acrylate-based adhesives, but different reflective layers and dye write layers. In addition, physical measurements by AFM show differences in the DVD groove depth, width, and other dimensions. These chemical and physical analyses may help explain variations in DVD lifetimes and facilitate development of the next generation of archival-grade DVDs.

In this paper, we propose a hologram reconstruction algorithm with techniques which can effectively reduce reconstruction errors caused from reconstruction process and external damages of the kinoform CGH ID tag. The 11- level kinoform computer generated hologram (CGH) patterns which are generated by modified simulated annealing are recorded on a texture paper by a photo printer, and retrieved by a digital camera. Through suitable reconstruction program and image processing in computer, the captured hologram patterns on the ID tag are reconstructed with a low error rate of about 4%, compared to the original data prior to the kinoform CGH pattern. It is also shown that our robust reconstruction algorithm can considerably reduce reconstruction errors for damaged tags. The original image has been actually reconstructed at a low error rate of about 8% and 12% from a 25% and 50% damaged tag, respectively.

The hologram tag generated by the 11-level CGH has a limit of data capacity of the original image. To overcome the limit of the data capacity, the color computer generated hologram (Color CGH) which uses the RGB color components to store original data is devised in this paper. The data capacity is increased by 6 times than that of the 11-level CGH on the same area of the hologram domain for use of the hologram ID tag. The color image tag system uses the color data rather than the gray scale data the 11-level CGH uses, and it can store the much larger amount of data by compressing the original digital data into RGB color ones.

This paper presents the improved readout system of multi-level signal waveform modulation read-only disk. The experimental results show the performance of the improved readout system is better than that of the former system.

This paper presents the new development of the signal waveform modulation optical disc. The signal waveform modulation optical disc is realized through inserting a sub-pit/sub-land into an original land/pit. More storage states are realized with changing the size and position of the sub-pits/sub-lands, which influence the corresponding readout signal waveforms. Modulation code and its realization are key technologies for signal waveform modulation optical disc. In this study, we employ maximum run transition code and level modulation process as the modulation code of signal waveform modulation optical disc. A 5/6MTR (2, 10) code is designed as the first step of the proposed modulation code, and the level modulation process are used to avoid multilevel on shortest runs. The realization process of the proposed code is presented, and the maximum level numbers for different run-length marks are investigated with the calculated readout signals.

Fano resonance is possible in symmetric silver-silica-silver multilayer nanoshells. Core offsets result in the enhancement of Fano resonances. The wavelength of the Fano resonance peaks can be tuned as a function of the core offset.

There is a need for greater definition for the error condition of a DVD; PI8(max) and POF(max) may not be enough. This research proposes using PI8(max), POF(avg) and PIF Bytes (max).

In this paper, the quality of the reconstructed images by general plane, Gaussian, speckle imaging, and speckle reference beams, is investigated by numerical simulation and preliminary experiments, and is quantitatively evaluated using the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the loss of signal to noise ratio (LSNR) for the purpose of comparing experimental results. The results of numerical simulation show that with plane reference, the quality of reconstructed images are very good and with Gaussian beam the noise of the reconstructed images is restrained but the boundary information is also weakened. What is worthy to be noticed, the results of both numerical simulation and preliminary experiments show that with speckle reference, the quality of the images is not good; although with the speckle imaging reference that is the image of the random phase, the situation is a little better. So, it is necessary to improve the quality of the reconstructed images when the random-phase multiplexing technology is to be used for high density storage. And in order to implement high-density holographic storage with high reconstruct quality, the reference beam must be optimized.

In this work, effective magnetic fields relevant to all-optical magnetic recording (AOMR) are analyzed considering, specifically, optically-induced spin-orbit (OSO) coupling and the Inverse Faraday Effect. Computing these fields with reasonable estimations of the required parameters, it is shown that OSO fields developed in typical rare earth alloys have a distribution with exterior rings of maximum amplitude in the perpendicular component, in contrast to the IFE field which has its maximum in the center. These observations may correlate to experimental observations that have revealed exterior rings in the recorded spots during the AOMR process.