Defect detection and classification of machined surfaces under multiple illuminant directions

Yi Liao; Xin Weng; C. W. Swonger; Jun Ni

doi:10.1117/12.860867

7 September 2010 Defect detection and classification of machined surfaces under multiple illuminant directions

Yi Liao, Xin Weng, C. W. Swonger, Jun Ni

Proceedings Volume 7798, Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIII; 77981T (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860867
Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2010, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

Continuous improvement of product quality is crucial to the successful and competitive automotive manufacturing industry in the 21st century. The presence of surface porosity located on flat machined surfaces such as cylinder heads/blocks and transmission cases may allow leaks of coolant, oil, or combustion gas between critical mating surfaces, thus causing damage to the engine or transmission. Therefore 100% inline inspection plays an important role for improving product quality. Although the techniques of image processing and machine vision have been applied to machined surface inspection and well improved in the past 20 years, in today's automotive industry, surface porosity inspection is still done by skilled humans, which is costly, tedious, time consuming and not capable of reliably detecting small defects. In our study, an automated defect detection and classification system for flat machined surfaces has been designed and constructed. In this paper, the importance of the illuminant direction in a machine vision system was first emphasized and then the surface defect inspection system under multiple directional illuminations was designed and constructed. After that, image processing algorithms were developed to realize 5 types of 2D or 3D surface defects (pore, 2D blemish, residue dirt, scratch, and gouge) detection and classification. The steps of image processing include: (1) image acquisition and contrast enhancement (2) defect segmentation and feature extraction (3) defect classification. An artificial machined surface and an actual automotive part: cylinder head surface were tested and, as a result, microscopic surface defects can be accurately detected and assigned to a surface defect class. The cycle time of this system can be sufficiently fast that implementation of 100% inline inspection is feasible. The field of view of this system is 150mm×225mm and the surfaces larger than the field of view can be stitched together in software.

Citation Download Citation

Yi Liao, Xin Weng, C. W. Swonger, and Jun Ni "Defect detection and classification of machined surfaces under multiple illuminant directions", Proc. SPIE 7798, Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIII, 77981T (7 September 2010); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860867

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