PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.
This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 8096, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and the Conference Committee listing.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Visualization of terahertz (THz) plasmons with local probes allows studying ultra-fast plasmonic phenomena in the time
domain. We demonstrate that the integrated sub-wavelength aperture near-field probe can be used to map THz surface
plasmon waves in space and time with high resolution. Using experimental near-field observations of plasmon waves
formed on a metallic surface by tightly focused THz pulses and of standing plasmon waves in THz antennas, we show
that this probe detects the spatial derivative of the electric field rather than the plasmon field itself. The understanding of
the coupling mechanism provides a framework for interpretation of near-field images.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We report on strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and Rhodamine 6G molecules at room temperature.
As a reference to compare with, we first determine the dispersion curve of (uncoupled) surface plasmon
polaritons on a 50 nm thick film of silver. Consequently, we determine the dispersion curve of surface plasmon
polaritons strongly coupled to Rhodamine 6G molecules, which exhibits vacuum Rabi splitting. Furthermore,
we present spontaneous emission spectra of Rhodamine 6G on silver, which are shown to change with detector angle due to surface plasmon polariton generation by Rhodamine 6G molecules.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Using metal nanostructures to concentrate optical-frequency electric fields has garnered significant interest in the
literature. For example, by combining an organic dye with a nanorod whose plasmon resonance frequency overalps the
fluorescence maximum of the dye, a significant enhancement in the fluorescence quantum yield can be observed. The
prevalent theory for describing such an enhancement is kinetic and ascribed to an increase in the intrinsic rate of
fluorescence, while the rate of non-radiative decay remains constant. Analysis of the literature will reveal that systems
exhibiting fluorescence enhancement also show an alteration of the Stokes shift. The traditional kinetic description of
plasmon-enhanced fluorescence cannot explain the origin of this shift. Using the well-known theory developed by
Onsager and Debye and applied to solvochromism, it will be shown that it is possible to model plasmon-enhanced
fluorescence not as an increase in the intrinsic rate of fluorescence, but by a perturbation of the equilibrium,
photoexcited dipole moment of an emitter coupled to a gold nanorod. This theory is different from the well-known
Gersten-Nitzan model and offers an explanation of the altered Stokes shift in plasmon-enhanced fluorescence systems.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Plasmon lasers are a new class of coherent optical amplifiers that generate and sustain light well below its
diffraction limit [1-4]. Their intense, coherent and confined optical fields can enhance significantly light-matter
interactions and bring fundamentally new capabilities to bio-sensing, data storage, photolithography and optical
communications [5-11]. However, metallic plasmon laser cavities generally exhibit both high metal and radiation
losses, limiting the operation of plasmon lasers to cryogenic temperatures, where sufficient gain can be attained.
Here, we present room temperature semiconductor sub-diffraction limited laser by adopting total internal
reflection of surface plasmons to mitigate the radiation loss, while utilizing hybrid semiconductor-insulator-metal
nano-squares for strong confinement with low metal loss. High cavity quality factors, approaching 100, along with strong λ/20 mode confinement lead to enhancements of spontaneous emission rate by up to 18 times. By controlling the structural geometry we reduce the number of cavity modes to achieve single mode lasing.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Interaction with Electric and Magnetic Fields in Nanoplasmonics
Properties of split-ring metamaterials are governed by inter-element interactions. These interactions lead to slow
eigenmodes of coupling, which, due to their short wavelengths, are ideal candidates for the design of near-field
manipulating devices. In this paper we explore the electric and magnetic coupling mechanisms in nano-U and nano-SRR
dimers comprising of two identical nano-resonators arranged axially and twisted relative to each other by an arbitrary
angle. We study theoretically the couplings in a periodic chain of nano-dimers for the frequencies from 100 to 300 THz.
In our analytical model, the electric and magnetic couplings can be expressed through the self and mutual terms for the
magnetic and electric field energy. In addition, we incorporate the effect of kinetic inductance due to the inertia of the
electrons (noticeable as element dimensions approach 100nm or smaller). The resulting dependence of the electric,
magnetic and the total coupling constants on the twist angle within the dimer obtained analytically is shown to agree
with numerical simulations (CST Microwave Studio). Our approach should enable an effective design of metamaterial
structures with desired properties and would be a useful tool in developing THz range manipulating devices based on
propagation of slow waves by virtue of coupling.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Ultrafast all optical magnetization switching in GdFeCo layers on the basis of Inverse Faraday Effect (IFE) was
demonstrated recently and suggested as a possible path toward next generation magnetic data storage medium with much
faster writing time. However, to date, the demonstrations of ultrafast all-optical magnetization switching were performed
with powerful femtosecond lasers, hardly useful for practical applications in data storage and data processing. Here we
show that utilization of IFE enhancement in plasmonic nanostructures enables fast all-optical magnetization switching
with smaller/cheaper laser sources with longer pulse durations. Our modeling results predict significant enhancement of
IFE around all major types of plasmonic nanostructures for a circularly polarized incident light. Unlike the IFE in
uniform bulk materials, nonzero value of IFE is predicted in plasmonic nanostructures even with a linearly polarized
excitation. Experimentally, all-optical magnetization switching at 20 times lower laser fluence and roughly 100 times
lower value of laser fluence/pulse duration ratio is demonstrated in plasmonic samples to verify the model predictions.
The path to achieve higher levels of enhancement experimentally is discussed.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Invited Session: Nano-optics in Ultrafast and Strong Fields
High-harmonic generation to produce ultrashort EUV pulses by frequency-upconversion of near-infrared (NIR) pulses
requires strong laser intensities. Here we describe a 3-dimensional metallic waveguide that enables plasmonic generation
of ultrashort EUV pulses through field enhancement by means of surface-plasmon polaritons. Details on the design and
fabrication of the plasmonic waveguide on the tip of a cantilever nanostructure are explained along with discussions on
experimental data.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
With electrons laser-emitted from a nanoscale tungsten tip by few-cycle Titanium:sapphire oscillator pulses we
demonstrate that we have reached the attosecond science regime, meaning that the electronic motion is controlled
by the optical electric field of the laser pulses. We observe coherent elastic re-scattering at the parent tip as
well as interference of the electronic wavefunction if it is emitted in two emission windows spaced by one optical
period. Controlled by the carrier-envelope phase of the laser pulses, we can continuously tune between a single
and two emission windows in time. All this is facilitated by field enhancement taking place at the tip's apex.
From our results we obtain a field enhancement factor of 3...6, depending on experimental conditions and on
experimental signatures.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Arrays of "nanorectennas" consist of diode-coupled nanoantennas with plasmonic resonances in the visible/near-infrared
(vis/nir) regime, and are expected to convert vis/nir radiative power into useful direct current. We study plasmonic
resonances in large format (~ 1 mm2 area) arrays, consisting of electron beam-patterned horizontal (e.g., parallel to the substrate) Ag lines patterned on ultrathin (< 20 nm) tunneling barriers (NiO, NbOx, and other oxides). Our e-beam fabrication technique is scalable to large dimensions, and allows us to easily probe different antenna dimensions. These
tunneling barriers, located on a metallic ground plane, rectify the alternating current generated in the nanoantenna at
resonance. We measure the plasmonic resonances in these nanoantennas, and find good agreement with modeling,
which also predicts that the electric field driving the electrons into the ground plane (and therefore the rectification
efficiency) is considerably enhanced at resonance. Various metal-insulator-metal tunneling diodes, incorporating the
afore-mentioned barrier layers and different metals for the ground plane, are experimentally characterized and compared
to our conduction model. We observe ~ 1 mV signals from NiO-based nanorectenna arrays illuminated by 532 nm and
1064 nm laser pulses, and discuss the origin of these signals.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Semiconductor-Based and Semiconductor-Metal Plasmonics
Silver nanoparticles dispersed on the surface of an inverted GaN LED were found to plasmonically enhance the nearbandedge
emission. The resonant surface plasmon coupling led to a significant enhancement in the exciton decay rate
and the ensemble of nanoparticles provided a mechanism to scatter the coupled energy as free space radiation. The
inverted LED structure employed a tunnel junction to avoid the standard thick p+ GaN current spreading contact layer.
In contrast to a standard design, the top contact was a thin n++ AlGaN layer, which brought the quantum well into the
fringing field of the silver nanoparticles. This proximity allowed the excitons induced within the quantum well to couple
to the surface plasmons, which in turn led to the enhanced band edge emission from the LED.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We explore new types of plasmonic nanoantennas hybridized with semiconductor and metal oxide active materials to achieve controllable plasmonic switches. Theoretically, the response of the active material is tuned through the free carrier density, and the optical response of a rectangular dimer antenna with a photoconductive gap loading is simulated using a COMSOL finite element numerical model. We describe the experimental realization of plasmonic antenna hybrids using an indium tin oxide (ITO) active medium.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We present calculations on the implementation of attosecond nanoplasmonic streaking (APS) spectroscopy on
isolated nanoparticles. APS spectroscopy might enable a remote measurement of plasmonic field oscillations in the optical regime with sub-cycle temporal resolution, where plasmons are excited by a few-cycle near-infrared (NIR) driving field and the associated near-fields are mapped by the energy of photoemitted electrons using a synchronized, time-delayed attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse. We discuss the influence of the near-field spatial distribution and electron kinetic energy on the streaking process. By numerical simulations we show the feasibility of APS spectroscopy using Au nanospheres with 10 nm and 100 nm diameter. We show that the
near-elds around the nanoparticles can be spatiotemporally reconstructed and may give detailed insight into
the build-up and decay of collective electron motion.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
A unified theory of plasmon-assisted resonance energy transfer (RET) between molecules near a metal nanostructure
is developed that maintains energy balance between transfer, dissipation, and radiation. It is shown
that in a wide range of parameters, including in the near field, RET is dominated by plasmon-enhanced radiative
transfer (PERT) rather than by a nonradiative transfer mechanism. The numerical calculations performed for
molecules near the Ag nanoparticle indicate that RET magnitude is highly sensitive to molecules' positions.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Theory of energy transfer interactions between a pair of two level molecules in the molecular
nanojunction including surface plasmon (SP) dressed interaction of plasmonic nanostructure,
replicating metallic leads is presented. Results on the modification of bare dipolar interaction,
known to be responsible for molecular energy transfer processes, in the proximity of metallic
nanosystem are presented. Specifically, the manuscript includes theoretical investigation of
nanosphere (NSP) monomer, nanoshell (NSH) monomer, and coupled nanosphere pair (dimer)
based nanosystems. Closed form analytical expressions for NSP and NSH structures tailored for molecular nanojunction geometry are derived in the theoretical framework of multipole spectral expansion (MSE) method, which is straightforwardly extendible to dimers and multimers. The role of size and dielectric environment on energy transfer is investigated and interpreted. Theory predicts
that the monomer and dimer both enhance the dipolar interaction, yet, dimer geometry is favorable due to its spectral tuning potential originated from plasmon hybridization and true resemblance with typical molecular nanojunctions.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
In this work we study how plasmon modes of gold dimers are affected by a molecular bridge connecting both
particles. Different models for the linker are considered to envisage the relation between the spectral changes
observed in the extinction spectra and the electronic transport through the molecules. Depending on the size
and nature of the molecular linker two different modes, known as BDP (Bonding Dimer Plasmon) and CTP
(Charge Transfer Plasmon), are excited. Furthermore, when the molecular linker has an excitonic resonance,
new spectral features emerge due to the plasmon-exciton coupling.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
The enhancement of light extraction is one of the major challenges for state of the art LEDs. Beside conventional
approaches like surface roughening, metal gratings and metal nano particles offer an alternative approach for tailoring
the optical properties of LEDs. The article will summarize theoretical calculations, experimental results and fabrication
issues of plasmonic structures on inorganic LEDs. Furthermore a benchmark with state of the art LEDs will be given.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
This work describes the design of a new plasmonic device made of gold nanoparticles separated from a gold film
through a thermoresponsive polymer layer. This organic polymer responds to temperature variations by conformational
changes (with a characteristic temperature called the lower critical solution temperature, LCST) and is therefore able to
vary the distance between the gold nanoparticles and the gold film. The optical properties of these stimulable substrates
were probed by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering spectroscopy (SERS) using methylene blue (MB) as a molecular
probe. We show that an increase of the external temperature reversibly induces a significant enhancement of the MB
SERS signal. This was attributed to a stronger interaction between the gold nanoparticles and the gold substrate. The
temperature-responsive plasmonic devices developed in this work thus provide a dynamic SERS platform, with thermally switchable electromagnetic coupling between the gold nanoparticles and the gold surface.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We use simultaneous electronic transport and optical characterization measurements to reveal new information
about electronic and optical processes in nanoscale junctions fabricated by electromigration. Comparing electronic
tunneling and photocurrents allows us to infer the optical frequency potential difference produced by the
plasmon response of the junction. Together with the measured tunneling conductance, we can then determine
the locally enhanced electric field within the junction. In similar structures containing molecules, anti-Stokes and
Stokes Raman emission allow us to infer the effective local vibrational and electronic temperatures as a function
of DC current, examining heating and dissipation on the nanometer scale.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
In this work, we pave the route towards the engineering of strong and spectrally sharp Fano resonances in
plasmonic nanostructures and derive analytical formulas for their line shape as a function of their electromagnetic
response. Contrary to the original work of Fano, the formalism proposed here includes losses in the materials
composing the system. As a result, a more general formula is obtained for the response of the system and
general conclusions for the determination of the resonance parameters are drawn, in particular on its width and
asymmetry. Using a surface integral simulation technique for electromagnetic scattering on three-dimensional
individual and periodic nanostructures, we numerically validate our model for structures that are currently
under extensive investigation in the plasmonic and metamaterial communities. The insights into the physical
comprehension of Fano resonances gained this way will be of great interest for the design of plasmonic sensing
platforms and metamaterials.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Spin-Hall effect is a basic phenomenon arising from the spin-orbit coupling of electrons. In particular, the spatial
trajectory of the moving electrons is affected by their intrinsic angular momentum. The optical spin-Hall effect (OSHE)
- beam deflection due to the optical spin (polarization helicity) - was recently presented. The effect was attributed to the
optical spin-orbit interaction occurring when the light passes through an anisotropic and inhomogeneous medium. Here,
we present and experimentally observe the OSHE in coupled localized plasmonic chains. The OSHE is due to the
interaction between the optical spin and the path of the plasmonic chain with an isotropic plasmonic mode. In addition,
OSHE was observed due to the interaction between the optical spin and the local anisotropy plasmonic mode, which is
independent on the chain path. A spin-dependent orbital angular momentum was observed in a circular path. Moreover,
a wavefront phase dislocation due to the scattering of surface plasmons from a topological defect is directly measured in
the near-field by means of interference. The dislocation strength is shown to be equal to the incident optical spin and
with analogy to the magnetic flux parameter in the Aharonov-Bohm effect. OSHE in spontaneous emission was also
obtained in a structure consisting of a coupled thermal antenna array. The effect is due to a spin-orbit interaction
resulting from the dynamics of the surface waves propagating along the structure whose local anisotropy axis is rotated
in space. The OSHE in the nanoscale provides an additional degree of freedom in spin-based optics.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
The local electric field distribution of propagating surface plasmons along Ag nanowires can be imaged by coating the
nanowires with a layer of quantum dots, which provide a useful tool to study the plasmon propagation. In simple
photonic networks composed of Ag nanowires, plasmons can be controllably routed to a specific nanowire output. The
underlying physical mechanism is that the plasmon interferences modulate the near field distribution and thus control the
output intensity. The plasmon interference can result in combinations of optical signals that execute specific
interferometric Boolean logic operations. And a complete family of Boolean logic gates is realized in the simple
nanowire networks. The primary nanowire in the network can be viewed as the plasmonic equivalent of a bus in a central
processing unit. Furthermore, a plasmonic NOR gate is demonstrated by cascading OR gate and NOT gate. To realize
the cascaded NOR gate, the plasmon wave packet should overlap with the junction between the main wire and the
branch wire for the control signal.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
An upgrade for the efficiency proven electromagnetic simulation tool, Multiple Multipole Program (MMP) is
proposed, in order to efficiently analyze plasmonic structures in layered geometries. In this upgrade, a new
expansion set, the layered media Green's function, is included in the open source EM simulation package Open-
MaX, which contains the latest version of MMP. By this upgrade the advantages of both the MMP and layered
media Green's functions are combined and an efficient and robust simulation tool for the analysis of structures
in layered geometries in optical range of the spectrum is obtained. In this paper, the fundamentals of MMP and
the derivation of layered media Green's functions will be discussed. Numerical results will also be included in
order to demonstrate the efficiency of the upgraded method.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Raman spectroscopy is an extremely powerful analytical tool. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERs) enables
sample sensitivity to extend down to the single molecule level. There is presently great interest in using uniform
nanostructured surfaces to give reproducible and strong surface enhanced Raman (SER) signal. The nanocavities studied
here have spherical cap architecture and are arranged uniformly in an Au array. These structures support both localised
and delocalised plasmons. Localised surface plasmon polaritons exist inside the nanocavities and delocalised or
propagating surface plasmon polaritons exist on the flat surface of the sample (Bragg plasmons). The angle dependence
property of surface enhanced Raman is used in the present work to enable comparison between SERs caused by localised
plasmons and SERs caused by delocalised plasmons. The samples used here were modified to enable separate
investigations of the two plasmon types. The externally modified array had dye placed only on the flat top surface of the
array. The internally modified array had dye placed only on the internal walls of the cavities. Results show that the
changes in Raman intensities with respect to the incident angle depend on the location of dye on the array.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
The optical near-field of lithography-defined gold nanostructures, arranged into regular arrays on a gold film, is
characterized via ablation of a polymer coating by laser illumination. The method utilizes femto-second laser pulses from
a laser scanning microscope which induces electrical field enhancements on and around the gold nanostructures. At the
positions of the enhancements, the ablation threshold of the polymer coating is significantly lowered creating subdiffractional
topographic modifications on the surface which are quantified via scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The obtained experimental results for different polymer coating thicknesses and nanostructure geometries are in good agreement with theoretical calculations of the near field distribution for corresponding enhancement mechanisms. The developed method and its tunable experimental parameters show that the different stages
in the ablation process can be controlled and characterized making the technique suitable for characterizing optical near-fields
of metal nanostructures.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
With the goal of improving photo-absorption of photovoltaic device and for plasmonic application we have fabricated
nanopillar black silicon devices through etching-passivation technique which does not require any photomask and whole
wafer scale uniformity is achieved at room temperature in a short time. We have carried out thorough optical
characterization for nanopillar black silicon devices to be used for solar cell and plasmonic applications.
Cathodoluminescence (CL), current dependent CL spectroscopy, photoluminescence (at room temperature and 77 K),
Raman spectroscopy, reflectance and absorption measurement have been performed on the device. A thin layer of Ag is
deposited to render with plasmonic property and the plasmonic effect is probed using surface plasmon enhanced
fluorescence, angle dependent reflectance measurements, high resolution cathodoluminescence (CL), surface enhanced
Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurement and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) experiment. We
obtained reduction in optical reflection of ~ 12 times on b-Si substrate from UV to NIR range, the nanostructured
fluorescence enhancement of ~40 times and the Raman scattering enhancement factor of 6.4×107.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We investigated the optical properties of ZnO/Ag grating structures, with the periods of 1000 and 1400 nm, fabricated by
sputtering and nanoimprint lithography. The grating structures exhibited multiple peak features in visible-range
photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Whereas a ZnO/Ag planar thin film showed two broad PL peaks in UV and visible
region. Moreover, the PL intensity of the periodic structures was ~100 times larger than that of the planar counterpart.
Several reflectance dips in the visible range were seen only in the grating structures, which could be caused by photoninduced
surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation via the grating coupling. The PL peaks well matched with the
reflectance dips. This represented that the PL enhancement should be originated from the SPP excitation. The finitedifference
time-domain simulations also supported the plasmonic effects in the periodic structures.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) govern the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles at the
nanoscale level and depend strongly on their shape, size and environment. When particles are a few nanometers
apart, new plasmon modes, that can be either bright or dark, arise from the electromagnetic coupling of the
plasmon modes of the individual nanoparticles. In the case of 3 gold nanorods assembled in a dolmen-like
structure, a transmission window has been observed experimentally from 0.9 and 1.3 eV. It has been attributed
to Fano interferences between a broad bright mode coming from the monomer and a narrow dark mode coming
from the dimer. Because it is optically inactive, the latter has to be probed locally with an electron beam. This
is why we investigate numerically the energy electron loss (EEL) response of coupled metallic nanorods together
with their optical properties to get insight into the origin of these Fano resonances. To achieve this, calculations
are performed in the frame of the discrete dipole approximation both for optical and EEL excitations.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We examine the propagation of plasmonic TM (Transverse Modes) modes generated in the designed periodic array of
silver (Ag) embedded on silicon (Si) substrate. The properties of surface plasmons are tailored by altering the size of Ag
nanorods and its periodicity. Conventional waveguides cannot guide electromagnetic energy below the diffraction limit
of light, which can be overcome by texturing the metal or dielectric surface. In this hybrid design we have textured the
interface by placing metallic, Ag nanorods on Si substrate placed over bilayer system of glasses. This provides the
missing momentum required, since SPP modes always lay beyond the light line and has shown strong confinement of
light. Ag nanorods are structured at nano dimensions to control and manipulate surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation and thus open new possibilities in light matter interaction.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We study plasmonic cavity in a 1D array of asymmetric T-shaped plasmonic gratings. The asymmetric T-shaped
plasmonic grating contains a silver bigrating structure. The first metallic grating contains the post of the T-shaped
structure embedded in SiO2 and the second metallic grating is the cap of the T-shaped structure embedded in air. The
bigrating can open a large plasmonic band gap (~ 0.15eV). We introduce a defect in a 1D array of asymmetric T-shaped
structure by reducing the width of the cap in one line or in multiple lines. We have studied two kinds of defects. The first
defect is a missing line from the T-shaped grating and it has a relatively low quality factor of 64 and a very small
effective mode area [0.026 (λ/n)2]. The second one is done by removing or shifting more than one line from the T-shaped
grating to make a gentler confinement and it leads to an enhancement of the quality factor (~200) and a slight increase in
the effective mode area to [0.0375 (λ/n)2].
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Due to their surface plasmon resonance silver nanoparticles are known to absorb visible light and give glasses
various colors. Grown in mesoporous titania films, they give the material a photochromic behaviour that can be used to
produce rewritable data carriers. On the one hand, UV light forms silver nanoparticles thanks to the photo-induced
generation of electrons by titania matrix. On the other hand, visible light oxidizes the silver nanoparticles via the
photoexcitation of electrons on Ag and their stabilization by oxygen molecules. The well controlled porosity of the
mesoporous films allows to tune the nanoparticles size and to obtain, under UV illumination, homogenous distributions
of small nanoparticles embedded within the titania matrix, which color the films. As all nanoparticles absorb light
similarly, the film can then be completely bleached under exposure to a visible laser beam whose wavelength falls in the
SPR band of the particles. Therefore, CW UV and visible focused-laser radiations, respectively, can repeatedly print and
completely erase colored micropatterns within TiO2/Ag films. The paper shows patterns printed under different
conditions, deals with the reproducibility of the process and the inscription stability, and explains the nanoscale
mechanisms, including silver migration during exposures, leading to the reversible color changes on the basis of TEM,
SEM, absorption spectroscopy and Raman micro-spectroscopy characterizations. This paper also evidences that CW
laser illuminations at higher intensity locally crystallize the titania matrix and investigates the influence of the
absorption-induced heating around nanoparticles.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
In this paper, long range surface plasmon devices using metallic subwavelength gratings are experimentally
demonstrated. Subwavelength gold gratings are fabricated with deep UV interference lithography. Long range surface
plasmon device using these subwavelength gold gratings is characterized by measuring the surface plasmon resonance
reflectance curve in an attenuated total reflection setup. Surface plasmon resonance curve with approximately ten times
narrower angular width than that from long range surface plasmon propagating along metallic thin films has been
observed experimentally..
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We present a powerful technique to fully characterize individual gold nanorods by using confocal microscopy in
combination with higher order laser modes. We obtain topological information far beyond the optical resolution limit,
although the used method is diffraction limited. We perform, for the first time, the imaging of gold nanorods by
recording simultaneously their scattering and luminescence signal. In the future, this might permit to extent the results
achieved already in [1] to a 3D system. Moreover, the scattering pattern is strongly dependent on the phase relation
between the light scattered and reflected at the sample interface, while the luminescence pattern does not depend on this
phase relation. By exploiting an index matched sample geometry, we were able to omit the phase relation and therefore
detect the pure scattering signal and qualitatively compare it with the luminescence one. Furthermore, as previously
shown [2, 3], our technique is capable to track the rotation of single noble metal nanorods. We show that measuring the
rotation rate of gold nanorods might be useful to estimate the local viscosity of the surrounding medium.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
In this paper, a unique nanoscrew Si structure is presented. The nanoscrew surface is made by anodized aluminum oxide
(AAO) mask formation followed by extended deep reactive ionic etching (DRIE). Dense random zig-zag pillar
structures that represent screw shapes are formed, with 1 um in height and the bottom base width ranging from 100 nm
to 250 nm. The tip of the nanoscrews have radius of curvature even lower than 10 nm. The apparent naked-eye view of
the nanoscrew surface, which only consists of nanopatterned N-type single crystalline Si is diffusively green. The optical
properties of nanoscrew Si with and without metal deposition is presented as discussion in applications for SERS.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Tb, Yb, and Ag co-doped glass nano-composites were synthesized in a lithium-lanthanum-aluminosilicate glass matrix
(LLAS) by a melt-quench technique. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were formed in the glass matrix and confirmed by optical
absorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Plasmon enhanced luminescence was observed. Cooperative
infrared to visible upconversion and visible to near-infrared quantum cutting were studied for samples with different
thermal annealing times. Because the Yb3+ emission at 940 - 1020 nm is matched well with the band gap of crystalline
Si, the quantum cutting effect may have its potential application in silicon-based solar cells.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We propose a novel and cost-effective copper-gold planar nanostructure resulting in strong plasmonic enhancement of
the electromagnetic field with a peak at 615 nm and FWHM of 180 nm. The structure consists of aggregates of 20 nm in
diameter gold nanospheres on a thin continuous 50 nm thick copper film. We attribute the strong field enhancement to
the coupling of interparticle plasmon resonances from gold nanospheres to the surface plasmons induced in the copper
film. The high reflectivity of the copper layer increases the collection efficiency in a reflection mode of the scattered
light that would otherwise be transmitted. We achieved the homogeneity and planarity of the copper-gold structure
through the electrostatic attraction between the negative surface charge of gold nanospheres and a lattice of positive
copper ions of copper oxide, formed by ionic bonds during the exposure of copper to air.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Adding holes in a periodic arrangement to metallic thin films greatly affects the optical properties of the metal film. The compound structure can exert a large influence on electromagnetic fields that interact with the hole array. Many parameters affect the actual response of the hole arrays to electromagnetic fields, such as the periodicity, the size of the holes and their shape. Here, we will show by calculation that the angular emission and lifetime of emitters, embedded in hole arrays comprised of rectangular holes with varying aspect ratio, depend strongly on the hole aspect ratio. Specifically, changing the aspect ratio of the holes leads to a large variety in far-field emission patterns and a more than 10-fold changes in decay rate of a single emitter placed in the central hole of such an array.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Extraordinary optical transmission through metallic gratings is mediated by Fabry-Perot cavity modes inside the
apertures and surface waves propagating along the grating. Anomalous features arise in the grating transmission
spectrum when the optical period for the surface wave is equal to the grating pitch. The surface waves can be plasmonic
in nature or due to diffracted orders propagating parallel to the surface. At optical frequencies, plasmonic effects are well
separated from Wood-Rayleigh anomalies. The plasmonic band gap properties were determined with COMSOL by
propagating a plasmon on a smooth Ag surface followed with a section containing a series of air gaps. The reflection
spectrum for the plasmons shows a well defined frequency gap for plasmon propagation. The COMSOL simulations for
light transmitted through the grating reveal anomalies in the vicinity of the plasmonic band gap. At the center frequency
of the gap where surface waves are forbidden, the transmission through the grating is very low and the reflection is 98%.
Standing waves are formed at the band edges and the fields become localized. At the high energy band edge the electric
field localizes in the low index medium and the magnetic field in the high index medium. The field localization reverses
at the low energy band edge. As a result of the localization at the band edges, the surface plasmons couple strongly to the
Fabry-Perot cavity modes at the high energy band edge leading to enhanced transmission through the grating with the
opposite properties for the low energy band edge.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
The absorption spectra of different aqueous dispersions containing silver nanoparticles were computed by finite element
method and compared to spectra determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy. This comparative study proved that the
spectrum measured on the aqueous dispersion of bare silver nanoparticles with absorptance maximum at λmeas = 391 nm corresponds to the characteristic UV surface plasmon band of spherical nanoparticles with 8.25 nm diameter. The
presence of aggregates in aqueous dispersions resulted in splitting on the spectrum, when the surface of the silver
nanoparticles with cAg = 2×10-4 M concentration was functionalized by L-cysteine with cCys=5.7×10-6 M concentration. The simplest aggregate-geometries that exhibit resonance at the measured absorptance maxima were determined by varying the number of silver nanoparticles, and the inter-particle distance in linear chains, and taking 0.45 nm thick
cysteine-shell into account. The FEM computations proved that the primary maxima in the UV involve quadrupolar modes, while the secondary maxima red-shifted to λmeas_2=567 nm at pH=2.98 and λmeas_2'=588 nm at pH=4.92 originate from coupled dipolar plasmon resonances on extended aggregates aligned along the E-field oscillation direction. The non-aggregated particles and the aggregates rotated with respect to the E-field oscillation direction significantly contribute to the UV peak.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We compare two designs of metallodielectric stacks (MDS) based on Ag/GaP and Au/GaP, and calculate their superresolving
bandwidths. The super-resolving bandwidth of the Ag/GaP design is (520nm-560nm), while that of Au/GaP is
(630nm-660nm). We evaluate these two designs in their ability to resolve two 20nm wide apertures separated by a
center-to-center distance of 80nm. We also compare two numerical techniques used to study these systems, namely the
transfer matrix method (TMM) and the finite element method (FEM). The TMM is simpler than more numerically demanding FEM technique but FEM is more robust for determining super-resolution in most cases. Finally we discuss the practical limitations of our super-resolving imaging devices in resolving objects that are much smaller than the incident wavelength.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
In this paper, we used PEDOT:PSS(Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate)) as light sensing material
with enhanced sensitivity by localized surface Plasmon resonance generated by gold nanoparticles . PEDOT:PSS was
spin coated on ITO glass substrate and 120 nm of Al were evaporated above the PEDOT:PSS. The electrical properties
of PEDOT:PSS was then enhanced after adding the gold nanoparticles between the ITO glass substrate and the film of
PEDOT:PSS . We observed that the sample with gold nanoparticles has lower resistance when the samples were lighted.
Compared with no illumination, the sample resistance (with naonparticles) decreased about 70%. This is not observed in
the sample without gold nanoparticles. And when the density of the gold nanoparticles was increased, the total resistance
of the sample was further decreased. When the sample with naonparticles was illuminated at different wavelengths , the
total resistance of the sample was distinct. We measured the current intensity at 0.5 voltage at various wavelengths , and
we can obtain that the current intensity correlate with the surface Plasmon resonance frequency of gold nanoparticles .
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We show the effects of hole shape, size, and periodicity variation on extraordinary transmission through a tuned
metamaterial of 4 pairs of alternating layers of Ag-Al2O3 with 20 nm thicknesses under illumination of TM light.
The advantage of a metamaterial over a Ag film of similar thickness is the tunability of the surface plasmons
coupling k-vector. Because their cross sections appear the same in fourier space, incident TM light sees the
same structure for circular, square, and rectangular holes transmission is unaffected by these shape variations.
Further, as we increase the hole size, the transmission does not exhibit the expected enhancement as both the
250 nm and 150 nm diameter holes are both too small to have their maxima overlap with the tuned transmission
enhancement of the metamaterial. For the metamaterial, we are able to tune it to support surface plasmons
from periodicities ranging from 130 nm to 215 nm, which effectively shifts the transmission peaks from the blue
end of the spectrum in Ag films across the visible and into the red.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We have studied and analysed in this paper, the modeling of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) optical and
electrical properties utilizing terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy in the frequency range of 0.1-2 THz. We have
compared the measurement data of the THz power absorption coefficient, index of refraction and conductivity of
SWNTs film with the experimental results obtained in Ref. [9], being our results based on the combination of Drude-
Lorentz and Maxwell-Garnett models. Since we suppose the SWNTs network as an effective medium embedded in air,
the comparison shows good agreement.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
A technique capable of characterizing the spectral parameters of gold nanostructures is demonstrated.
These properties are providing numerous advances in the field of high sensitive diagnostics, drug
delivery and optical therapeutic applications. To obtain spectroscopic measurements of gold nanorods
within a turbid media that mimics soft tissue, this work presents the potential of the photon to
ultrasound conversion, by means of real-time Laser Optoacoustic Spectroscopy (LOS), The obtained
results are shown for the complete wavelength range of 410 to 1000 nm that followed by a
comprehensive comparative analysis with achieved results of parallel reference measurement schemeand standard spectrophotometry.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
In the band structure analysis of photonic crystals it is normally assumed that the full photonic gaps could be found by
scanning high-symmetry paths along the edges of Irreducible Brillouin Zones (IBZ). We have recently shown [1] that
this assumption is wrong in general for sufficiently symmetry breaking geometries, so that the IBZ is exactly half of the
complete BZ. That minimal required symmetry arises from the requirement on time-reversal symmetry. In this paper we
show that even that requirement might be broken by using gyro-magnetic materials in the composition of photonic
structures we can observe that the IBZ extends fully to the boundaries of the complete BZ, that is IBZ must be as the
same as BZ.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Traditional mirrors at optical wavelengths use thin metalized or dielectric layers of uniform thickness to approximate a
perfect electric field boundary condition. The electron gas in such a mirror configuration oscillates in response to the
incident photons and subsequently re-emit fields where the propagation and electric field vectors have been inverted and
the phase of the incident magnetic field is preserved. We proposed fabrication of sub-wavelength-scale conductive
structures that could be used to interact with light at a nano-scale and enable synthesis of the desired perfect magneticfield
boundary condition. In a magnetic mirror, the interaction of light with the nanowires, dielectric layer and ground
plate, inverts the magnetic field vector resulting in a 0 degree phase shift upon reflection. Geometries such as split ring
resonators and sinusoidal conductive strips were shown to demonstrate magnetic mirror behavior in the microwave [1]
and then in the visible [2]. Work to design, fabricate and test a magnetic mirror began in 2007 at the NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center (GSFC) under an Internal Research and Development (IRAD) award. Our initial nanowire geometry
was sinusoidal but orthogonally asymmetric in spatial frequency, which allowed clear indications of its behavior by
polarization. We report on the fabrication steps and testing of magnetic mirrors using a phase shifting interferometer and
the first far-field imaging of an optical magnetic mirror.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.