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13 October 2011Evaluation of the accuracy of complex illuminator designs
Complex illuminators used for optical lithography or lithographic simulators typically have a slight loss of fidelity when
compared to the original illuminator design. It is usually not obvious what the lithographic effects of this loss of fidelity
will be. A series of computer-designed illuminators with multiple intensity levels was designed and built for use in an
Aerial Image Measurement System1,2 (AIMSTM)+. Images of the various illuminators were recorded and correlated with
the original designs. Images of photomasks with programmed defects were captured using these illuminators and the
results were compared with simulations using the physical illumination pattern and the ideal illumination design. The
results showed that small deviations between the illuminator design and the physically constructed illuminator had very
little effect on the aerial images or defect sensitivity. Larger deviations from the illuminator design have increasingly
significant effects on defect sensitivity.
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Michael S. Hibbs, Jaione Tirapu-Azpiroz, Kazunori Seki, Gregory McIntyre, Shinpei Kondo, "Evaluation of the accuracy of complex illuminator designs," Proc. SPIE 8166, Photomask Technology 2011, 81660W (13 October 2011); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.898899