Design considerations for a new high resolution Micro-Angiographic Fluoroscope based on a CMOS sensor (MAF-CMOS)

Brendan Loughran; S. N. Swetadri Vasan; Vivek Singh; Ciprian N. Ionita; Amit Jain; Daniel R. Bednarek; Albert H. Titus; Stephen Rudin

doi:10.1117/12.2006430

6 March 2013 Design considerations for a new high resolution Micro-Angiographic Fluoroscope based on a CMOS sensor (MAF-CMOS)

Brendan Loughran, S. N. Swetadri Vasan, Vivek Singh, Ciprian N. Ionita, Amit Jain, Daniel R. Bednarek, Albert H. Titus, Stephen Rudin

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 8668, Medical Imaging 2013: Physics of Medical Imaging; 866806 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006430
Event: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2013, Lake Buena Vista (Orlando Area), Florida, United States

Abstract

The detectors that are used for endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGI), particularly for neurovascular interventions, do not provide clinicians with adequate visualization to ensure the best possible treatment outcomes. Developing an improved x-ray imaging detector requires the determination of estimated clinical x-ray entrance exposures to the detector. The range of exposures to the detector in clinical studies was found for the three modes of operation: fluoroscopic mode, high frame-rate digital angiographic mode (HD fluoroscopic mode), and DSA mode. Using these estimated detector exposure ranges and available CMOS detector technical specifications, design requirements were developed to pursue a quantum limited, high resolution, dynamic x-ray detector based on a CMOS sensor with 50 μm pixel size. For the proposed MAF-CMOS, the estimated charge collected within the full exposure range was found to be within the estimated full well capacity of the pixels. Expected instrumentation noise for the proposed detector was estimated to be 50-1,300 electrons. Adding a gain stage such as a light image intensifier would minimize the effect of the estimated instrumentation noise on total image noise but may not be necessary to ensure quantum limited detector operation at low exposure levels. A recursive temporal filter may decrease the effective total noise by 2 to 3 times, allowing for the improved signal to noise ratios at the lowest estimated exposures despite consequent loss in temporal resolution. This work can serve as a guide for further development of dynamic x-ray imaging prototypes or improvements for existing dynamic x-ray imaging systems.

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Brendan Loughran, S. N. Swetadri Vasan, Vivek Singh, Ciprian N. Ionita, Amit Jain, Daniel R. Bednarek, Albert H. Titus, and Stephen Rudin "Design considerations for a new high resolution Micro-Angiographic Fluoroscope based on a CMOS sensor (MAF-CMOS)", Proc. SPIE 8668, Medical Imaging 2013: Physics of Medical Imaging, 866806 (6 March 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006430

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