A comparison of simulation tools for photon-counting spectral CT

Radin A. Nasirudin; Petar Penchev; Kai Mei; Ernst J. Rummeny; Martin Fiebich; Peter B. Noël

doi:10.1117/12.2043538

19 March 2014 A comparison of simulation tools for photon-counting spectral CT

Radin A. Nasirudin, Petar Penchev, Kai Mei, Ernst J. Rummeny, Martin Fiebich, Peter B. Noël

Proceedings Volume 9033, Medical Imaging 2014: Physics of Medical Imaging; 90334W (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043538
Event: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2014, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

Photon-counting detectors (PCD) not only have the advantage of providing spectral information but also offer high quantum efficiencies, producing high image quality in combination with a minimal amount of radiation dose. Due to the clinical unavailability of photon-counting CT, the need to evaluate different CT simulation tools for researching different applications for photon-counting systems is essential. In this work, we investigate two different methods to simulate PCD data: Monte-Carlo based simulation (MCS) and analytical based simulation (AS). The MCS is a general-purpose photon transport simulation based on EGSnrc C++ class library. The AS uses analytical forward-projection in combination with additional acquisition parameters. MCS takes into account all physical effects, but is computationally expensive (several days per CT acquisition). AS is fast (several minutes), but lacks the accurateness of MCS with regard to physical interactions. To evaluate both techniques an entrance spectra of 100kvp, a modified CTP515 module of the CatPhan 600 phantom, and a detector system with six thresholds was simulated. For evaluation the simulated projection data are decomposed via a maximum likelihood technique, and reconstructed via standard filtered-back projection (FBP). Image quality from both methods is subjectively and objectively assessed. Visually, the difference in the image quality was not significant. When further evaluated, the relative difference was below 4%. As a conclusion, both techniques offer different advantages, while at different stages of development the accelerated calculations via AS can make a significant difference. For the future one could foresee a combined method to join accuracy and speed.

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Radin A. Nasirudin, Petar Penchev, Kai Mei, Ernst J. Rummeny, Martin Fiebich, and Peter B. Noël "A comparison of simulation tools for photon-counting spectral CT", Proc. SPIE 9033, Medical Imaging 2014: Physics of Medical Imaging, 90334W (19 March 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043538

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KEYWORDS

Monte Carlo methods

Image quality

X-ray computed tomography

Sensors

X-rays

Computer simulations

Iodine

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