Today, the phrase, “Target Registration Error”, typically shortened to TRE, is an integral part of the vernacular of both surgical guidance and image registration, but it was not always so. This terminology, along with “Fiducial Registration Error” and “Fiducial Localization Error” was developed circa 1990 to facilitate the communication of information among researchers who were contending with the errors that arise when one view of a patient is aligned with another, particularly when that alignment is based on fiducial markers. The work required to develop a theoretical understanding of these errors and to develop algorithms and experimental methods to probe them has involved many people and many institutions, and it continues today. This twenty-five year effort is the subject of this address, but we will not dwell on the details, almost all of which have been presented first at this very same symposium. Instead we will focus on the backstory. It is a story of people and events, of lab rivalry and cooperation, of heroes and villains, of sour reviews and sweet vindication, of disappointment when things keep going wrong, and gratification when they finally go right. And it even includes a murder mystery. This address is meant to be entertaining, but it is hoped that it might also send an encouraging message to those researchers, particularly students, who are having troubles of their own. And that message is that setbacks and criticism today do not mean that success won’t come tomorrow.
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