A pinhole free embedding of the grating is essential, since even tiny air pockets will reduce the efficiency of the diffraction optic. This has been successfully realized. However, the ALD coating produces indentations on the surface of the embedded grating. The method to remove the indentations in the excess layer on the embedded grating is discussed. The planarization is done by ion beam etching and the oxygen depletion of the top TiO2 component is fixed by thermal treatment in O2 atmosphere. Finally, we developed an embedded grating with transmission efficiency higher than 97.0 % at 1030 nm wavelength. The experimentally measured efficiency is in excellent agreement with the theoretical value obtained by rigorous coupled wave analysis. In contrast, a conventional, binary grating with the same period reaches only a maximum theoretical efficiency of 92.3 % at the same wavelength in Littrow-configuration. |
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CITATIONS
Cited by 1 scholarly publication.
Diffraction gratings
Atomic layer deposition
Diffraction
Titanium dioxide
Refractive index
Ion beams
Oxygen