Cutaneous porphyrins exhibit anti-stokes fluorescence that is detectable in sebum (Conference Presentation)

Giselle Tian; Haishan Zeng; Jianhua Zhao; Zhenguo Wu; Mohammed Al Jasser; Harvey Lui; David I. Mclean

doi:10.1117/12.2217210

27 April 2016 Cutaneous porphyrins exhibit anti-stokes fluorescence that is detectable in sebum (Conference Presentation)

Giselle Tian, Haishan Zeng, Jianhua Zhao, Zhenguo Wu, Mohammed Al Jasser, Harvey Lui, David I. Mclean

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 9689, Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics XII; 968910 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217210
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2016, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Porphyrins produced by Propionibacterium acnes represent the principal fluorophore associated with acne, and appear as orange-red luminescence under the Wood’s lamp. Assessment of acne based on Wood’s lamp (UV) or visible light illumination is limited by photon penetration depth and has limited sensitivity for earlier stage lesions. Inducing fluorescence with near infrared (NIR) excitation may provide an alternative way to assess porphyrin-related skin disorders. We discovered that under 785 nm CW laser excitation PpIX powder exhibits fluorescence emission in the shorter wavelength range of 600-715 nm with an intensity that is linearly dependent on the excitation power. We attribute this shorter wavelength emission to anti-Stokes fluorescence. Similar anti-Stokes fluorescence was also detected focally in all skin-derived samples containing porphyrins. Regular (Stokes) fluorescence was present under UV and visible light excitation on ex vivo nasal skin and sebum from uninflamed acne, but not on nose surface smears or sebum from inflamed acne. Co-registered CW laser-excited anti-Stokes fluorescence and fs laser-excited multi-photon fluorescence images of PpIX powder showed similar features. In the skin samples because of the anti-Stokes effect, the NIR-induced fluorescence was presumably specific for porphyrins since there appeared to be no anti-Stokes emission signals from other typical skin fluorophores such as lipids, keratins and collagen. Anti-Stokes fluorescence under NIR CW excitation is more sensitive and specific for porphyrin detection than UV- or visible light-excited regular fluorescence and fs laser-excited multi-photon fluorescence. This approach also has higher image contrast compared to NIR fs laser-based multi-photon fluorescence imaging. The anti-Stokes fluorescence of porphyrins within sebum could potentially be applied to detecting and targeting acne lesions for treatment via fluorescence image guidance.

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Giselle Tian, Haishan Zeng, Jianhua Zhao, Zhenguo Wu, Mohammed Al Jasser, Harvey Lui, and David I. Mclean "Cutaneous porphyrins exhibit anti-stokes fluorescence that is detectable in sebum (Conference Presentation)", Proc. SPIE 9689, Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics XII, 968910 (27 April 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217210

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KEYWORDS

Luminescence

Near infrared

Skin

Continuous wave operation

Fluorescence spectroscopy

Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy

Visible radiation

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