Traditional refractive lenses are bulky owing to their curvature. Flat diffractive lenses can overcome this difficulty, but traditional diffractive optics have limited reach, primarily due to chromaticity. Recently, we have shown that by treating the “imaging” phenomenon as simply information transfer from the object to the image plane, the spatial distribution of the phase in the focal plane can be an arbitrary function. Using this concept, we have shown that allowing the phase in the image plane of a flat lens to be a free parameter enables imaging properties of unprecedented versatility in flat, multilevel diffractive lenses (MDLs). Our research group has demonstrated multi-level diffraction lenses in multiple high performance categories: unchromatic lenses with dramatically improved operating bandwidths, high NA and large aperture sizes, and extreme depth of focus.Furthermore, these can be combined with advanced machine-learning algorithms to enhance inferencing.
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