Understanding mammalian cardiogenesis requires high-resolution imaging to assess changes in cardiac structure, morphology, dynamics, and function during embryonic development. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) shows promise for advanced studies due to superior imaging scale and speed for 4D imaging of the early mouse embryonic heart. Building on this, and enabled by prolonged embryo culture, efficient reconstruction, and multi-dimensional visualization strategy, we present the first longitudinal, 4D, dual-contrast OCT imaging of the beating mouse embryonic heart over development for up to ~12 hours, termed as 5D cardiodynamic and hemodynamic imaging. This paves the way to study early developmental dynamics of the heart.
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