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Light-based 3D printing shows great potential in biomedical applications by providing high-resolution features. However, its high-resolution capability is severely hindered in 3D printing through biological tissues because of the optically turbid nature of the tissue. Here, we demonstrate a high-resolution additive manufacturing technique through scattering media using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the wavefront shaping method. It uses near-infrared (NIR) light to photopolymerize through the scattering media via UCNPs, which act as a secondary source for UV light as well as a beacon for wavefront shaping. By exploiting the optical nonlinearity of the upconverted fluorescence and the memory effect correlations, high-resolution printing is experimentally demonstrated through strongly scattering layers and biological tissues even when the signal is not localized. This technique provides a proof of concept of 3D printing through turbid media with potential applications for in vivo 3D bioprinting.
Qianyi Zhang,Antoine Boniface,Virendra K. Parashar, andChristophe Moser
"Micrometer resolution 3D printing through highly scattering media using upconversion nanoparticles", Proc. SPIE PC12898, Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics XVII, PC128980I (13 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692787
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Qianyi Zhang, Antoine Boniface, Virendra K. Parashar, Christophe Moser, "Micrometer resolution 3D printing through highly scattering media using upconversion nanoparticles," Proc. SPIE PC12898, Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics XVII, PC128980I (13 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692787