A silica-based 90 deg optical hybrid based on a 4 × 4 multimode interference coupler with a refractive index contrast of 0.36% is designed and fabricated for coherent receiver. The measured results of this device show that the common mode rejection ratios are better than 23 dB and excess loss including a coupling loss of −0.3 dB is less than −0.9 dB in C band (1530 to 1565 nm). The phase error is less than ±4 deg. The designed low-cost 90 deg optical hybrid is promising for further improving the sensitivity of quadrature phase shift keying coherent receivers. |
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Hybrid optics
Waveguides
Silica
Electroluminescence
Brain-machine interfaces
Optical coherence
Refractive index