The given data on the optical arrangement, in which the coordinate distributions of the real and imaginary component of the elements of the Jones matrix of optically thin polycrystalline layers are determined. Algorithms are presented and an experimental method for measuring the real and imaginary component of Jones-matrix images is analyzed. The experimental results of the study of statistical, correlation, and fractal parameters, which characterize the real component of the Jones-matrix image of polycrystalline networks of flat layers of the main types of human amino acids, are presented.
A new model of the correlation description of the optically anisotropic component of biological tissues is proposed. To characterize the transformation of the fibrillar network of laser radiation, a new parameter is used-the complex "twopoint" Stokes vector. The interconnections between the parameters of the "two-point" Stokes vector with the distributions of the optical axes and birefringence of the fibrillar network of biological tissue are found. A scheme of generalized Stokes polarimetry of microscopic images of histological sections of fibrillar biological tissues is developed. A technique for direct polarization measurement of the distributions of the real and imaginary parts of the "two-point" Stokes vector is proposed. Maps of phase distributions of the "two-point" Stokes vector of histological sections of the myocardium and endometrium. The sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy of the method of polarizationcorrelation mapping of fibrillar networks of biological crystals are determined. Within the framework of the statistical analysis of the phase maps of the "two-point" Stokes vector, histological sections of the myocardium and endometrium, objective criteria for diagnosing endometrial cancer have been found and an excellent balanced accuracy of the cause of death.
An optical model of the polycrystalline structure of the human blood film is proposed as a superposition of completely polarized and depolarized components. Analytical algorithms for describing the polarization manifestations of such components are found. A new technique for laser sounding of blood films and detection of polarization-inhomogeneous fields by means of variations in the states of polarization of the reference wave is developed. The algorithm of digital holographic reconstruction of distributions of complex amplitudes of the polarization-inhomogeneous object field of polycrystalline films of blood is used. Layered maps of the distribution of azimuth and ellipticity of polarization of the object field of polycrystalline films of blood were obtained and analyzed. 3D distributions of the linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of such films are determined. Sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy of the method of digital polarization-holographic 3D reconstruction of the polycrystalline structure of blood films are determined. Statistical analysis of polarization maps of the polycrystalline structure of blood films revealed objective criteria for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
The method of azimuthally invariant 3D Muller-matrix mapping of distributions of phase and amplitude anisotropy parameters of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structures is proposed and substantiated. In the volume of biological samples, the coordinate distributions of the magnitude of the set of Mullermatrix invariants (MMI) histological sections of the myocardium tissue with a spatially structured optical anisotropic fibrillary network, as well as parenchymal tissue of the rat liver with an islet polycrystalline structure, were obtained. The "phase" dependences of the magnitude of the statistical moments of the 1 st - 4 th orders, which characterize the distributions of the MMI values of polarization manifestations of the parameters of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of the polycrystalline component of different types of biological tissues, are determined. A comparative study was made of the possibilities of differentiation of changes in the parameters of optical anisotropy using traditional 2D and 3D Muller-matrix mapping methods. The optimal conditions for the differentiation of polycrystalline structures of biological tissues - the range of phase sections and the most sensitive parameters - are the statistical moments of the 3rd and 4th orders that characterize the distributions of MMI associated with the polarization manifestations of linear birefringence and dichroism of different types of optically anisotropic structures.
A model of weak phase fluctuations of polycrystalline films of biological fluids is proposed. A correlation approach has been used to describe the polarization manifestations of the linear and circular birefringence of biological planar polycrystalline networks. Algorithms of polarization experimental measurement of the module (orientation map) and phase (phase map) of a set of "two-point" parameters of the Stokes vector are determined. The sets of orientation and phase maps of polycrystalline films of bile and blood are studied experimentally. The diagnostic possibilities of statistical analysis of the module and phase distributions of the "two-point" parameters of the Stokes vector of polarization-inhomogeneous images are considered. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the set of statistical moments of the 1st and 4th orders that characterize the orientation and phase maps of polycrystalline films of bile and blood are found. The sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy of the method of polarization-correlation mapping in the diagnosis of early stage of cholelithiasis, as well as differentiation of the degree of blood losses, were determined.
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