Elastic mechanical metamaterials exhibit unusual frequency contingent properties like negative mass, negative Young’s modulus, and negative Poisson’s ratio in a particular band of the excitation frequency. Locally resonant units in the designed metamaterial enable bandgap formation virtually at any frequency for wavelengths much higher than the lattice length of the unit. Due to out of phase motion of multiple resonating units with lattice, there is a change in the dynamic properties (stiffness or mass or density) of the material as these properties become frequency-dependent.On another side, at higher frequencies for wavelengths equal to the lattice size of the medium, the Bragg scattering phenomenon occurs, which also helps in the bandgap formation. Therefore, these extreme frequency contingent physical properties modulate wave propagation through designed metama- terials. In this research, the band structure of piezo-embedded negative stiffness metamaterial is derived using generalized Bloch theorem. Bloch theorem is used to solve various periodic media problems in different fields. The relationship between frequency and wave number can be established using this theory. The results elucidate that the insertion of the piezoelectric material in the resonating unit can provide not only better tunability but also several unusual band structures that can be perceived. The attenuation bandwidth of the designed metamaterial can be tailored through critical parameters derived from the extensive non-dimensional study of the system. This research can be considered as a contribution towards designing the active elastic mechanical metamaterials.
Dynamics of periodic structures has fascinated researchers for decades. Metamaterials are one of the exemplars of these periodic structures. Spatial periodicity of mechanical unit cells in artificially engineered metamaterials exhibits idiosyncratic physical properties like negative mass, negative Young’s modulus, and negative Poisson’s ratio. These extreme physical properties are beyond the properties found in the natural materials. This exceptional dynamic behaviour is frequency dependent, which in turn forms the attenuation and transmission band during wave transmission through these metamaterials. The frequency ranges in which a wave can transmit or attenuate along the length of the metamaterial are known as transmission and attenuation bands respectively. In this work, the band structure of piezo-embedded negative mass metamaterial is analysed using generalized Bloch theorem. The addition of the piezoelectric material at the resonating unit increases the damping and complexity of the solution. Bloch theorem is used to solve several periodic media and using this theory, the relationship between frequency and wavenumber can be established. Implementation of Bloch theorem has not been reported yet in the context of the piezo embedded mass-in-mass metamaterial. Therefore, wave propagation through finite units is studied through band structure. In addition, voltage and power produced by piezoelectric material are estimated. This research can be considered as the first step towards modelling an active metamaterial.
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