Dr. Ádám Börzsönyi Profile

Dr. Ádám Börzsönyi

Senior Research Fellow at ELI-ALPS Research Institute

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Publications (13)

Proceedings Article | 18 April 2021 Presentation + Paper

High-resolution mid-MIR spectrally resolved interferometry

T. Grósz, M. Kurucz, R. Flender, A. Börzsönyi, U. Gimzevskis, A. Samalius, D. Hoff, B. Kiss

Proc. SPIE. 11770, Nonlinear Optics and Applications XII

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One of the most widespread and reliable techniques for spectral phase characterization of optical elements is spectrally resolved interferometry (SRI), which utilizes a two-arm interferometer illuminated by a broadband light source and a spectrometer to record the generated spectral fringes, which are usually evaluated by using Fourier-transform-based methods. One detriment to these methods, that they require high spectral resolution. Considering that most of the spectrometers in the mid-infrared (MIR) region have typically a few nm spectral resolution, we propose two alternative methods for measurements in this spectral region, second harmonic assisted SRI (SH-SRI) and dual-band SRI. The SH-SRI method utilizes second harmonic generation, which allows for high-precision phase retrieval by shifting the detection range from the MIR regime to the near-infrared, where high-resolution spectrometers are commercially available. The dual-band SRI method has the capabilities of the SH-SRI, while simultaneously probing the optical element at the second harmonic frequency band as well. Using the Fourier transform method, the acquired phase can be obtained from a single interferogram at both frequency bands simultaneously, which effectively doubles the measurement bandwidth compared to the original SRI and the SH-SRI without increasing the requirements on the bandwidth and the resolution of the spectrometer. To determine the performance of these new schemes, we have measured the spectral phase shift of several optical windows with both SH-SRI and dual-band SRI. Their accuracy was significantly higher than that of the conventional SRI technique that relied on low-resolution spectrometers operating in the MIR region. We used the SH-SRI technique also to verify the phase performance of custom-made MIR dispersive mirrors, designed with specific dispersion characteristics. With the dispersive mirrors, we were able to compress our spectrally broadened pulses to 19.6 fs (<2 cycles) at 3170 nm central wavelength with 8.2 W average power.

Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation

CEO-stable pulses from a 1kW fiber CPA

Evgeny Shestaev, Steffen Haedrich, Nico Walther, Tamas Nagy, Peter Simon, Andreas Blumenstein, Arno Klenke, Robert Klas, Joachim Buldt, Henning Stark, Martin Gebhardt, Sven Breitkopf, Christian Gaida, Péter Jójárt, Imre Seres, Zoltán Várallyay, Ádám Börzsönyi, Tino Eidam, Jens Limpert

Proc. SPIE. 11676, Frontiers in Ultrafast Optics: Biomedical, Scientific, and Industrial Applications XXI

KEYWORDS: Light sources, Amplifiers, Pulsed laser operation, Laser systems engineering

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2019 Presentation

ELI-ALPS: implementation status and first commissioning experiments (Conference Presentation)

Dimitris Charalambidis, Ádám Börzsönyi, Péter Dombi, Christos Kamperidis, Rodrigo López-Martens, Gergő Mészáros, Károly Osvay, Giuseppe Sansone, Katalin Varju, S. Varro

Proc. SPIE. 11039, Research Using Extreme Light: Entering New Frontiers with Petawatt-Class Lasers IV

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The Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ALPS) facility of the pan-European Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project was designed as a laser-based research infrastructure in which light pulses of few optical cycles in the infrared or mid-infrared spectral range are used for basic and applied research. In particular, these pulses will be used as the driving source for generating even shorter extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses with durations as short as a few tens of attoseconds. All the six major laser systems available at ELI-ALPS were designed for stable and reliable operation, while featuring unique pulse parameters, such as unprecedented photon flux and extreme bandwidths. Each laser will run synchronized to the central facility clock, while femtosecond synchronization on target will be ensured by a dedicated timing system. Experimental beam time will be provided with uninterrupted operation of the primary driving lasers and associated secondary sources for at least eight hours per day. The primary focus of ELI-ALPS is the generation of the best quality attosecond XUV pulses in terms of pulse energy, repetition rate and photon energy. This goal is only achievable using the highest quality primary sources and expertly designed, innovative high-harmonic beamlines. The generation of high flux attosecond pulse trains and isolated attosecond pulses is targeted using Gas-based or Surface Plasma-based High Harmonic Generation. These secondary sources will feature dedicated target end stations (e.g. Reaction Microscope, Condensed matter end station, Velocity Map Imaging Spectrometer and Magnetic Bottle Electron Spectrometer) enabling users to perform state-of-the-art experiments. Experimental activities in the building complex started in 2018 with the installation of two 100 kHz repetition rate laser systems: the mid-infrared laser (MIR) and the first High Repetition Rate laser (HR1). They successfully served almost ten commissioning user experiments with external collaborators, for the investigation of phenomena such as electron migration in water, electron rescattering induced K-shell fluorescence, photoionization of droplets, photon statistics in harmonic generation in band gap materials etc., altogether for 51 operational weeks in 2018. In 2019 we expect to extend commissioning experiments to the SYLOS laser as well as to, at least, two attosecond and THz beamlines. The first attosecond beamline, driven by HR1 and dedicated to the investigation of ultrafast pheonemena in gas targets, is to be inaugurated mid 2019. In addition, the operation of the THz laboratory, as well as nanoplasmonic experiments are planned for 2019.

Proceedings Article | 13 May 2019 Presentation

Development status and operation experiences of the few cycle high average power lasers of ELI-ALPS (Conference Presentation)

Károly Osvay, Ádám Börzsönyi, Huabao Cao, Eric Cormier, János Csontos, Péter Jójárt, Mikhail Kalashnikov, Balint Kiss, Rodrigo López-Martens, Szabolcs Tóth, Zoltan Varallyay

Proc. SPIE. 11034, Short-pulse High-energy Lasers and Ultrafast Optical Technologies

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Laser sources, Particles, Laser development, Terahertz radiation, Hydrogen fluoride lasers, Pulsed laser operation, Laser engineering, Aluminium phosphide

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Most of the laser sources of ELI-ALPS are operating in the 100 W average power regime, while the peak power and the repetition rate range from 0.1 TW at 100 kHz up to PW at 10 Hz. The pulse duration lasts typically a few optical cycle, feeding six attosecond beamlines, two particle and two THz beamlines, as well as many end stations associated with the beamlines [1]. The first 100 kHz repetition rate lasers have been installed by end 2017, and became available for experiments from the beginning of 2018. The Mid-InfraRed laser (MIR) provides 150 µJ, 40 fs pulses at 3.1µm [2]. The first High-Repetition rate laser (HR1) has been operating in long pulse mode (1.5 mJ, 40 fs pulses at 1030 nm). The short pulse operation mode (1mJ, <7fs) will be completed by March 2019. The second High-repetition Rate laser (HR2) offering 5 mJ and sub-7 fs pulses, will be commissioned by mid 2019. The kHz repetition rate SYLOS laser [3] has been completed its second development phase for providing >5 TW peak power pulses at sub-7 fs pulse duration. The system is available to run four beamlines from April 2019. In the meanwhile, parallel to its operation, the final upgrade stage will be developed, reaching an energy of >100 mJ by mid 2020. In order to serve the four beamlines efficiently, a so called SYLOS experimental alignment laser has been implemented. The laser “mimicking” the SYLOS laser at lower repetition rate, providing the similar beam size, peak intensity, and duration (3.8TW, 12 fs) at 10Hz repetition rate is available from end 2018. The High Field Petawatt (HF PW) laser of ALPS has been designed to operate at 10 Hz repetition rate with a pulse duration shorter than 17 fs. The system is under installation, 10 Hz operation at 0.4PW level will be reached by mid 2019, while the full 10Hz operation will be demonstrated by Fall 2020. We also carry on experiments towards the elimination of bottlenecks of high repetition rate sub-10fs operation of the 100Hz branch of the HF laser. The MIR and HR1 lasers have successfully served almost ten commissioning user experiments with external collaborators, investigating phenomena like electron migration in water, K-shell excited elections, etc., altogether for 51 operational weeks in 2018. Next year we expect to extend the commissioning experiments for the SYLOS laser as well as at least two attosecond and THz beamlines. The challenge of the laser R&D to design and implement such lasers was taken by the industry (EKSPLA, Light Conversion (both Lithuania), Fastlite, Amplitude Technologies (both France), AFS GmbH (Germany)), academia, and ELI-ALPS, resulting in a change of paradigm in laser engineering, leading to novel state of the art research grade lasers just in a few years. [1] S. Kuhn et al., Mol. Opt. Phys. 50 (2017) 132002 [2] R.Budrinas et al., Opt.Exp. 25 (2017) 5797 [3] N.Thiere et al., Opt.Exp. 26 (2018) 26907

Proceedings Article | 13 May 2019 Presentation

Energetic few-cycle pulses by polarization-encoding in Ti:sapphire: on the compression, carrier-envelope phase stability and decoding efficiency (Conference Presentation)

Roland Sándor Nagymihály, Huabao Cao, Vladimir Chvykov, Péter Jójárt, Viktor Zuba, Roland Flender, Oleg Antipov, Imre Seres, Ádám Börzsönyi, Nikita Khodakovskiy, Károly Osvay, Mikhail Kalashnikov

Proc. SPIE. 11033, High-Power, High-Energy, and High-Intensity Laser Technology IV

KEYWORDS: Ultrafast phenomena, Lithium, Crystals, Amplifiers, Laser stabilization, Laser spectroscopy, Lutetium, System on a chip, Americium, Laser systems engineering

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Ultrashort pulses with TW to multiple PW peak power are mostly generated by state-of-the-art Ti:Sapphire- (Ti:Sa) based chirped pulse amplification (CPA) systems [1,2]. The main reasons of using Ti:Sa crystals are the extremely large gain bandwidth and exceptional physical properties of the gain medium [3], the availability of the high energy pulsed pumping sources. Additionally, carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilization schemes can be easily implemented for Ti:Sa laser systems up to TW peak power [4]. Polarization-encoded CPA (PE-CPA) is a recently developed technique, which holds promise to support a gain bandwidth sufficient for compressed pulses in the few-cycle regime with Ti:Sa-based amplification [5,6]. The performance of the PE-CPA technique is however affected by the spectral amplitude and phase variations along both gain cross-sections. The population inversion induced refractive index changes (RICs) were measured within the main emission band of Ti:Sa. By using spectrally resolved interferometry (SRI), spectral phase changes of amplified pulses were measured in a Jamin-type arrangement. The spectral phase shift induced by inversion for both π- and σ-polarized pulses was extracted at different pump fluence values. At room temperature, a zero-phase shift was found with a sign change at the peak of the gain spectrum, while for σ-polarized pulses no such behavior was observed in the investigated spectral range. By decreasing the temperature of the crystal to 30 K, similar behavior was found, however, the zero-phase crossing was found to be shifted to around 760 nm. The electronic RICs are explained by the polarizability difference between excited and unexcited Ti3+ ions in the crystal. Compression of PE-amplified pulses is currently under investigation by numerical simulations and will be experimentally tested with a spectral bandwidth corresponding to sub-10 fs pulse duration. Carrier-envelope phase (CEP) fluctuations were also investigated in a PE amplifier stage by using the SRI technique. Temperature and inversion instabilities were found to be the major sources of CEP noise caused by the amplification process, accounting for 60 mrad of CEP noise in a four-pass amplifier stage with 1.2 J/cm2 absorbed pump fluence. CEP stability of the PE amplification was compared to the conventional process, which showed a sub-10 mrad noise increase in case of the PE amplifier under similar operating conditions. However, the degradation of the CEP stability in the PE amplifier compared to the conventional stage was found to be below 10 mrad within the same operational conditions [7]. References 1. Z. Gan, L. Yu, S. Li, C. Wang, X. Liang, Y. Liu, W. Li, Z. Guo, Z. Fan, X. Yuan, L. Xu, Z. Liu, Y. Xu, J. Lu, H. Lu, D. Yin, Y. Leng, R. Li, and Z. Xu, Opt. Express 25(5), 5169-5178 (2017). 2. A. Golinelli, X. Chen, E. Gontier, B. Bussière, O. Tcherbakoff, M. Natile, P. d’Oliveira, P.-M. Paul, and J.-F. Hergott, Opt. Letters 42(12), 2326-2329 (2017). 3. P. F. Moulton, “Spectroscopic and laser caracteristics of Ti:Al2O3,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3(1), 125-133 (1986). 4. F. Lücking, V. Crozatier, N. Forget, A. Assion, and F. Krausz, Opt. Lett. 39(13), 3884–3887 (2014). 5. M. Kalashnikov, H. Cao, K. Osvay, and V. Chvykov, Opt. Letters 41(1), 25-28 (2016). 6. H. Cao, M. Kalashnikov, K. Osvay, N. Khodakovskiy, R. S. Nagymihaly, and V. Chvykov, Laser Phys. Lett. 15 045003 (2018). 7. R. S. Nagymihaly, H. Cao, P. Jojart, M. Kalashnikov, A. Borzsonyi, V. Chvykov, R. Flender, M. Kovacs, and K. Osvay, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 35(4), A1-A5 (2018).

Proceedings Article | 30 April 2019 Presentation + Paper

Theoretical investigation of terahertz generation from two-color laser pulse ionized gases: the role of the thickness of the nonlinear crystal

R. Flender, A. Borzsonyi, V. Chikan

Proc. SPIE. 11026, Nonlinear Optics and Applications XI

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Nonlinear crystals, Plasma

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2019 Paper

THz generation from mid-infrared two-color laser pulses in air and a simple method for controlling the THz intensity

R. Flender, B. Kiss, A. Borzsonyi, V. Chikan

Proc. SPIE. 11026, Nonlinear Optics and Applications XI

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Terahertz radiation, Nonlinear crystals, Plasma

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2018 Paper

Controlling terahertz spectrum in asymmetric air plasmas: the role of GDD and phase

R. Flender, K. Sárosi, E. Petrács, A. Borzsonyi, V. Chikán

Proc. SPIE. 10684, Nonlinear Optics and its Applications 2018

KEYWORDS: Plasmas, Numerical simulations, Terahertz radiation, Nonlinear crystals

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2018 Presentation + Paper

Measurement of the dispersion properties of large aperture mirrors at arbitrary incidence angle and polarization state

M. Kovacs, T. Somoskoi, I. Seres, A. Borzsonyi, A. Sipos

Proc. SPIE. 10525, High-Power Laser Materials Processing: Applications, Diagnostics, and Systems VII

KEYWORDS: Refractive index, Mirrors, Beam splitters, Light sources, Polarization, Interferometers, Spectroscopy, Lamps, Interferometry, Infrared spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 2017 Presentation

Performance tests of the 5 TW, 1 kHz, passively CEP-stabilized ELI-ALPS SYLOS few-cycle laser system (Conference Presentation)

Tomas Stanislauskas, Rimantas Budriūnas, Gediminas Veitas, Darius Gadonas, Jonas Adamonis, Aidas Aleknavičius, Gžegož Masian, Zenonas Kuprionis, Dominik Hoff, Gerhard Paulus, Ádám Börzsönyi, Szabolcs Toth, Mate Kovacs, János Csontos, Rodrigo López-Martens, Károly Osvay

Proc. SPIE. 10238, High-Power, High-Energy, and High-Intensity Laser Technology III

KEYWORDS: Light sources, Glasses, Reliability, Laser applications, Picosecond phenomena, Plasma systems, Standards development, Plasma, Laser systems engineering, Light

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ELI-ALPS in Hungary, one of the three pillars of the Extreme Light Infrastructure, aims at providing diverse light sources, including energetic attosecond pulses at the highest possible repetition rates. One of the main laser systems for driving plasma and gas-based HHG stages, is a state-of-the-art 1 kHz few-cycle laser called SYLOS. Targeted pulse parameters are an energy of 100 mJ and a duration shorter than two optical cycles (<6 fs), with outstanding energy, phase and pointing stability as well as high spatiotemporal quality. The first phase of the laser system has already set a new standard in kHz laser system engineering and technology. The performance and reliability of the SYLOS laser have been consistently tested over the course of a six-month trial period. During this time the system was running at least 8 hours a day at full power for more than 5 months. The current output parameters are 5 TW peak power, 45 mJ pulse energy with 9 fs duration and 300 mrad CEP stability, while the spectrum spans over 300 nm around 840 nm central wavelength. The layout follows the general scheme NOPCPA architecture with a passively CEP-stabilized front-end. The pulses are negatively chirped for the amplification process and compressed by a combination of large aperture bulk glass blocks and positively chirped mirrors under vacuum conditions at the output. During the trial period, the laser system demonstrated outstanding reliability. Daily startup and shutdown procedures take only a few minutes, and the command-control system enables pulse parameters to be modified instantly. Controlling the delays of individual NOPCPA stages makes it possible to tailor the output spectrum of the pulses and tune the central wavelength between 770 nm and 940 nm. We performed several experimental tests to find out the pulse characteristics. Pulse duration was verified with Wizzler, chirp-scan, autocorrelation methods and a stereo-ATI independently. All of them confirmed the sub-9 fs pulse duration. We recorded the long-term waveform and pointing stabilities of the beam in order to find out the effect of the temperature load on optical elements. Excluding a short initial warm up time, stable signals were observed in general. The in-loop and out-of-loop CEP stability was cross-checked between f-to-2f and stereo-ATI devices. Moreover, the inherent CEP stability of the system without feedback loop was also found to be surprisingly robust thanks to the passive CEP stabilization of the front-end. The polarization contrast was better than 1000:1. The temporal contrast was also measured independently with Sequoia and Tundra cross-correlators, and on the ns scale with a fast photodiode and GHz oscilloscope as well. Results showed that the pulse pedestal generally consists of parametric superfluorescence below the 1E-7 level and about 100 ps long, well in accordance with the pump duration. Delaying the pump pulse allows us to shift the seed pulse to the front and reach a pre-pulse pedestal below 1E-11 at 30 ps before the pulse peak. Detailed findings on all the examined pulse characteristics of the SYLOS laser will be reported in this presentation.

Proceedings Article | 9 June 2017 Presentation

Dispersion measurement on chirped mirrors at arbitrary incidence angle and polarization state (Conference Presentation)

Mate Kovacs, Tamas Somoskoi, Imre Seres, Adam Borzsonyi, Aron Sipos, Károly Osvay

Proc. SPIE. 10238, High-Power, High-Energy, and High-Intensity Laser Technology III

KEYWORDS: Ultrafast phenomena, Optical components, Mirrors, Femtosecond phenomena, Polarization, Interferometers, Glasses, Spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Nonlinear optical glasses

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The optical elements of femtosecond high peak power lasers have to fulfill more and more strict requirements in order to support pulses with high intensity and broad spectrum. In most cases chirped pulse amplification scheme is used to generate high peak power ultrashort laser pulses, where a very precise control of spectral intensity and spectral phase is required in reaching transform-limited temporal shape at the output. In the case of few cycle regime, the conventional bulk glass, prism-, grating- and their combination based compressors are not sufficient anymore, due to undesirable nonlinear effects in their material and proneness to optical damages. The chirped mirrors are also commonly used to complete the compression after a beam transport system just before the target. Moreover, the manufacturing technology requires quality checks right after production and over the lifetime of the mirror as well, since undesired deposition on the surface can lead alteration from the designed value over a large part of the aperture. For the high harmonic generation, polarization gating technology is used to generate single attosecond pulses [1]. In this case the pulse to be compressed has various polarization state falling to the chirped mirrors. For this reason, it is crucial to measure the dispersion of the mirrors for the different polarization states. In this presentation we demonstrate a simple technique to measure the dispersion of arbitrary mirror at angles of incidence from 0 to 55 degree, even for a 12” optics. A large aperture 4” mirror has been scanned over with micrometer accuracy and the dispersion property through the surface has been investigated with a stable interference fringes in that robust geometry. We used Spectrally Resolved Interferometry, which is based on a Michaelson interferometer and a combined visible and infrared spectrometer. Tungsten halogen lamp with 10 mW coupled optical power was used as a white-light source so with the selected spectrometer we could investigate over the 500-1300 nm spectral range. We also measured the mirrors with broadband oscillator pulses, and we found that the dispersion was the same for both light source. Group Delay Dispersion was obtained with a ±2 fs^2 accuracy from the Fourier Transform method of the interference fringes. Using an adjunct mirror, we made possible to change continuously the angle of incidence at the chirped mirror within 3 and 55°. On the input part of the interferometer we placed a wire-grid polarizer, and sensitivity of the chirp mirrors to the polarization state have been measured at different incidence angles. To present the flexibility of the device we scanned two different compressor mirrors with +100 fs^2 and -500 fs^2 at the 800 nm central wavelength. We separately developed an optical arrangement to detect Group Delay shift between s and p polarization reflections of large aperture chirped compressor mirrors and we found that it’s below the detection limit, so further investigation will be necessary. 1. M. Ivanov, P. B. Corkum, T. Zuo, and A. Bandrauk, Routes to Control of Intense-Field Atomic Polarizability, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1995

Proceedings Article | 9 June 2017 Presentation

Measurement of spectral phase noise in a cryogenically cooled Ti:Sa amplifier (Conference Presentation)

Roland Nagymihaly, Péter Jójárt, Ádám Börzsönyi, Károly Osvay

Proc. SPIE. 10238, High-Power, High-Energy, and High-Intensity Laser Technology III

KEYWORDS: Optical amplifiers, Crystals, Interferometry, Optical testing, Laser interferometry, Phase measurement, Laser-matter interactions, Cryogenics, Laser systems engineering, Michelson interferometers

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In most of cases the drift of the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of a chirped pulse amplifier (CPA) system is determined only [1], being the relevant parameter at laser-matter interactions. The need of coherent combination of multiple amplifier channels to further increase the peak power of pulses requires interferometric precision [2]. For this purpose, the stability of the group delay of the pulses may become equally important. Further development of amplifier systems requires the investigation of phase noise contributions of individual subsystems, like amplifier stages. Spectrally resolved interferometry (SRI), which is a completely linear optical method, makes the measurement of spectral phase noise possible of basically any part of a laser system [3]. By utilizing this method, the CEP stability of water-cooled Ti:Sa based amplifiers was investigated just recently, where the effects of seed and pump energy, repetition rate, and the cooling crystal mounts were thoroughly measured [4]. We present a systematic investigation on the noise of the spectral phase, including CEP, of laser pulses amplified in a cryogenically-cooled Ti:Sa amplifier of a CPA chain. The double-pass amplifier was built in the sample arm of a compact Michelson interferometer. The Ti:Sa crystal was cooled below 30 °K. The inherent phase noise was measured for different operation modes, as at various repetition rates, and pump depletion. Noise contributions of the vacuum pumps and the cryogenic refrigerator were found to be 43 and 47 mrad, respectively. We have also identified CEP noise having thermal as well as mechanical origin. Both showed a monotonically decreasing tendency towards higher repetition rates. We found that the widths of the noise distributions are getting broader towards lower repetition rates. Spectral phase noise with and without amplification was measured, and we found no significant difference in the phase noise distributions. The mechanical vibration was also measured in the setup by using an accelerometer synchronously with the optical measurements. The noise spectra of phase and vibration measurements were compared and the sources of individual noise components were identified. References [1] Sebastian Koke et al, Opt. Lett. 33, 2545-2547 (2008). [2] J. Limpert et al, IEEE J. of Sel. Top. in Quant. El. 20, 0901810 (2014). [3] A. Borzsonyi, A.P. Kovacs, K. Osvay, Appl. Sci. 3, 515-544 (2013). [4] A. Borzsonyi, R.S. Nagymihaly, K. Osvay, Las. Phys. Lett. 13, 015301 (2016).

Proceedings Article | 16 May 2017 Paper

The impact of dispersion of the ultrashort light pulses on the THz radiation formation from asymmetric air plasmas

R. Flender, K. Sárosi, A. Borzsonyi, V. Chikan

Proc. SPIE. 10228, Nonlinear Optics and Applications X

KEYWORDS: Ultrafast phenomena, Mirrors, Light sources, Femtosecond phenomena, Polarization, Dispersion, Crystals, Spectrometers, Plasmas, Numerical simulations, Amplifiers, Terahertz radiation, Electro optics, Nonlinear crystals, Millimeter wave sensors

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