Maleic anhydride-terminated polyimides(PMI) and copolyimides(PI) ,which are appropriate to fabricate PLC waveguides because of their very high thermal stability, excellent manufacturing performance, regulative refractive index, were prepared from 2,2’-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-hexafluoroproane dianhydride(6FDA), pyromellitic
dianhydride(PMDA), maleic anhydride(MA), and 4,4’-oxydianiline(ODA) through two steps. The behaviors of crosslinked ractions occurred at the terminating maleic anhydride unites, thermal stability and optical properties (refractive index and optical losses) influenced by cured temperature were demonstrated through thermal analyses(thermogravimetric analyses(TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)), IR Spectra and measurements of refractive index and optical losses. The results indicate that the exothermal crosslink reactions begin above 260°C and almost terminate after curing at 310°C for PMI, and its 5wt%-loss temperature is up to 447°C, which is closed to the PI’s(499°C). The refractive index decreases relatively significantly(4.1%) and optical losses increase from 1.86 to 2.62 dB/cm while the cured temperature increasing from 250°C up to 350°C.
In this paper, Lichtennecher method and module system simulation method were synthesized to present a formula giving the relation between the effective refractive index and pore-ratio of the polymer nanoporous film made of PS(polystyrene) PMMA(polymethyl-methacylate) and nano-pore. It can be used to design a nanoporous polymer film whose effective refractive index can be fine-tuned with great precision, which is of great importance and pratical value for the design and manufacture of the high performance nanoporous polymer optical waveguide whose effective refractive index difference between the core and the cladding is perfectly controlled and adjusted.
First, the relationship between effective index change and thickness of cladding and substrate in thermo-optic switch is studied. Then, rectangle heater is simulated using the Beam Propagation Method. And a novel heater, arc heater, is designed. The thermo-optic switch using arc heater has better properties than using rectangle heater.
Nano-porous polymer material is recently developed and is of very important practical value in optical field. In this paper, nano-porous polymer films which can be used in optical planar waveguide were studied. The refractive index of this kind film can be controlled and adjusted precisely. Through changing the volume fraction of PS in the film, the relationship between the effective refractive index and the pore volume ratio in the film was found with the scanning electron microscope and ellipsometry. The effective refractive index decreases with the increase of the pore volume ratio. The propagation characteristics of the fields in a nano-porous polymer planar waveguide were simulated with the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and the result of the experiment was confirmed with the FDTD method too.
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