The engineering of human tissue represents a major technique in clinical medicine. Material evaluation of skin is
important as preventive medicine. Decubitus originates in pressure and the rub. However, shearing in the skin has
exerted the influences on the sore pressures most. This paper examines one demand of crucial importance, namely the
real time in vivo monitoring of the shearing characteristics skin tissue. Rheometer is a technology developed to
measure viscoelasticity of solid and liquid. To measure viscoelasticity of the skin in the noninvasive with this device,
we remodeled it. It is ideal for the continuous monitoring of tissues in vivo.
The method of generating the most practicable shape recovery force in smart composite materials which embedded shape-memory alloy (SMA) fiber under the resin matrix is electric heating. However, because the calorie for the heating of the resin matrix increases in the low temperature environment, it is necessary to control the electric heating corresponding to an ambient temperature to obtaining a steady shape recovery force. In this paper, the main factor which influences the shape recovery force is reviewed first. And, it reports the shape recovery force control system by the electric heating which makes the contribution of composite materials which combine SMA that the phase transformation temperature is different to the stability improvement to the operation environment, and the SMA fiber a strain sensor to be possible.
A smart bridge model was proposed for active control on strength and vibration by changing material properties of shape memory alloy embedded in the bridge structure using TiNi/acrylic composite. A systemic experimental study was carried out to investigate the self-strengthening effect by shape recovery of pre-strained TiNi wires as well as vibration control by stiffness changing with direct electric heating method. The deflection and vibration responses are measured by electric strain gages affixed on the bridge floor on which the model train goes through. From these results, we know the smart bridge model of composite material beam has not only been able to reduce the vibration response, but also change the frequency of the structure. The damping and vibration control for the bridge model is confirmed by the measurement.
Fatigue crack propagation tests of magnesium alloy were conducted under conditions of biaxial and uniaxial loading by using a cruciform specimen in a biaxial fatigue machine, in order to investigate the effect of non-singular stress cycling on the fatigue crack growth properties ΔKI -da/dN. The Magnesium alloys (AZ31B-O) used for this research are 2.5mm thickness plates. There are four different kinds of plates due to their heat treatment conditions. These conditions are (a) with no heat treatments (AZ31B-O), (b) 200-degree 2 hours (AZ31B-200), (c) 350-degree 2 hours (AZ31B-350), and (d) 430-degree 2 hours (AZ31B-430). From these comprehensive experiments, the remarkable effect was found in the specific biaxial load stress ratio σx0/σy0 on ΔKI -da/dN relation. When biaxial load stress ratio was 0.5, it turned out that the fatigue crack propagation rate of a magnesium alloy becomes very slow. Of course, in other biaxial load stress ratios, fatigue crack propagation velocity was influenced to some extent. It turned out that fatigue crack propagation rate becomes fast when a biaxial load stress ratio is minus, and it becomes slow when a biaxial load stress ratio is plus. Some discussion is made on the effect of microstructure on fatigue crack propagation of magnesium alloy in a biaxial stress field.
Photoelastic model material with shape memory effect and molding processes of the material is developed in this research. Matrix and fiber of the photoelastic model material developed in this research are respectively epoxy resin and wire of Ti50Ni50 shape memory alloy. It is called Ti50Ni50 shape memory alloy fiber epoxy composite. It is assured that Ti50Ni50 SMA-FEC is satisfied with the requirements of photoelastic model material and can be used as photoelastic model material and can be used as photoelastic model material. The maximum recovering strain of Ti50Ni50 SMA-FEC is occurred at 80 degrees in any prestrain of Ti50Ni50 shape memory alloy wire fiber and in any fiber volume ratio. Recovering strain is increased with the increment of the prestrain and the fiber volume ratio.
The orthotropic material which has been developed by authors using copper wires as fiber and epoxy resin as base material is necessary to know optical constants to determine a stress intensity factor by experiments. As a result, it was found that, by applying caustics theory, optical constants could quite easily be obtained in either case of experiments conducted with the specimen held in the air, immersed in liquid, or at the state of frozen stress.
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