A pulsed Nd:YAG laser approved for clinical use in Russian Federation was used for laparoscopic partial
nephrectomy(LPN). Patients with T1N0M0 (N=17) cancer underwent laser LPN during 2006-2009 for removal tumor
sized from 2.0 to 3.9 cm. Successful laser LPN was performed without ischemia in all cases. Bleeding during laser LPN
was substantially reduced due to laser coagulation of tissue. Currently all patients are under medical supervision with no
recurrence of tumor. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser showed safety and efficacy of LPN in humans.
Since the announcement in March 2002 of plans to develop an advanced light source to meet the future spectral power and cost requirements of photolithography, we have made significant progress in the development and productization of the core technology for an ultra line-narrowed, excimer light source based on a master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) approach. In this paper, we will focus on the architecture and performance of the first generation of production-ready, MOPA-based ArF light sources developed at Cymer, Inc. This first generation of MOPA-based ArF light sources is referred to as the XLA 100 product series.
The dose-response relationship for producing different grades of burns on skin produced by single Er-glass laser pulse were determined for energy densities within the range 0.5-35 J/cm2 and pulse duration 100 ns and 2.5 ms. The persistent lesions on skin were subdivided into four morphologically different groups vs. radiant exposure of laser pulses. Histological investigation were made at 1- and 3-days post-exposure. Different methods of tissue preparation were tried to obtain better contrast of laser induced changes in skin tissue. At the 1-day post-exposure we observed on the histological samples coagulation of surface tissue, epidermis and dermis of skin depending on radiant exposure. 3-days histological samples revealed tearing of tissue detrit and active epitalization of damaged tissue.
Radiant exposure of an Er-glass laser producing 50 percent probability (ED50) of a minimum erythema on porcine skin was measured in vivo for laser pulses 100 ns and 2.5 ms pulse duration. ED50 at 24 hours post-exposure was found 3.5 J/cm2 for short laser pulses and 6.5 J/cm2 for long ones. The single pulse dose in a chain of repetitive pulses producing minimum erythema were determined for 2n(n equals 16) pulses. The minimum reaction of skin on laser irradiance were studied for different beam diameter. The reaction of skin is mostly considered as local super heating. THe data obtained in the study are adequate to update safety standards for cutaneous injury.
The skin response was studied for different radiant exposure of short and long laser pulses and reaction to multipulse action using Er-glass laser radiation. Lesion ranging from a mild erytherma to tissue coagulation were produced on porcine skin. Radiant exposure producing 50 percent probability of a particular grade of lesion were established. A dependence of ED50 of minimum erythema versus number of pulses and beam cross section were studied. Histological investigation of the damage zone was made for qualitative study of injured skin. The dose-response relationship for producing different grades of burns were determined for energy densities of single laser pulse within the range 0.5-35 J/cm2 and pulse duration 100 ns and 3 ms. The single pulse dose in a chain of repetitive pulses producing minimum erythema were determined for 2n(n equals 1-6) pulses. The minimum reaction of skin on laser irradiance were studied for different beam diameter. The reaction of skin in mostly considered as local super heating. The data obtained are adequate to update safety standards for cutaneous injury within these ranges of radiant exposure and beam spotsize.
The skin response was studied for different radiant exposure of short and long laser pulses and reaction to multipulse action using Er-glass laser radiation. Lesion ranging from a mild erythema to tissue coagulation were produced on porcine skin. Radiant exposure producing 50 percent probability of a particular grade of lesion were established. A dependence of ED50 of minimum erythema versus number of pulses and beam cross section were studied. The dose-response relationship for producing different grades of burns were determined for energy densities of single laser pulse within the range 0.5- 35 J/cm2 and pulse duration 100 ns and 3 ms. The single pulse dose in a chain of repetitive pluses producing minimum erythema were determined for 2n(n equals 1-6 pulses). The minimum reaction of skin on laser irradiance were studied for different beam diameter. The reaction of skin is mostly considered as local super heating. The data obtained are adequate to update safety standards for cutaneous injury within thee ranges of radiant exposure and beam spotsize.
Photoablation of ocular tissues can be performed with free running Er:lasers, but their application leads to significantly more thermal tissue damage than photoablation with ArF excimer lasers. This means a serious drawback to clinical investigations on treatments with Er:lasers. However, an essential reduction of the thermal damage zone is achieved by photoablation with a Q-switched Er:YAG laser (TEMoo, tp equals 100 nsec). Detailed results of our work on bovine cornea are presented.
To optimize the laser ablation of soft wet tissues by Er:YAG laser radiation at 2.94 micrometers the dynamics of ablation is investigated by high-speed photography techniques. Gelatin as model material is used.
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