In modern laboratories, the study of cancer is performed using a series of cellular and molecular methods based on
optical instruments measurements. Optical and electron microscopy are valuable tools for revealing morphological
features of cancer cells. Our study was focused on laryngeal and oropharyngeal cancers, which have nowadays an
increased incidence, especially for women, due to unhealthy habits like tobacco and alcohol consumption. We used
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for highlighting the ultrastructural features of cancer cells, both in primary and
secondary tumors. The primary tumor is considered that which appears for the first time, at a certain organ; the
secondary tumor is that which reappears at the same region or neighbouring regions, at a certain interval of time after the
primary one has been surgically removed. The differences between the inner architecture of the cells from primary and
secondary tumors where correlated with the expression of some genes (oncogenes and tumor suppressor factors), in
order to establish the aggressiveness of the tumor, in different disease stages. The main stress in the study is placed upon
electron microscopy, in order to achieve a more precise characterization of both these type of cancer cells. These
ultrastructural data complete the image of laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer cells, along with molecular data obtained by
Real-Time PCR.
In our study we have considered three of the most valuable Romanian red wine grapevine cultivars: Feteasca neagra,
Feteasca alba and Novac. We have chosen to study grapevine because grapes and wine are an important part of a healthy
diet, and because red grapes have the highest content of proanthocyanidins, that act as antioxidants (free radical
scavengers) in the human body. Proanthocyanidins possess
anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor, anti-viral activities and they
present many other confirmed or potential benefits. Genotyping method was applied in order to asses the genetic profile
at 14 microsatellite loci, for two cultivars: Feteasca neagra and Feteasca alba. In order to achieve this, the HPLC-DAD
method was used. The content of anthocyans in grape skin from two cultivars - Feteasca neagra and Novac - was
measured. Microsatellite markers have been certified as powerful tools for assessing genetic identities and genetic
relationships between grapevine gene pools. Genetic characterization of grapevine cultivars can certify their authenticity
and purity, two features that have a direct effect on the quality and value of the finished product, the wine. In our
country, this is the first attempt in order to establish a genetic profile for valuable Romanian origin grapevine varieties.
In some of the 14 microsatellitic loci, Feteasca neagra and Feteasca alba cultivars presented allele size variants different
from the values cited in the literature, proving that these cultivars belong to a geographical distinct gene pool. The
content of anthocyans in Feteasca neagra grape skin was significantly higher than in Novac.
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