The object of the study is the marks for people with visual impairments, which are embedded in banknotes of various countries to identify the denominations of banknotes. The subject of the study is to determine the impact of choosing the type of marks for people with visual impairments on the recognition and identification of banknote denominations by people with blindness or low vision. The main hypothesis of the study is based on the fact that people with blindness or low vision can not or can identify different types of marks for people with visual impairment differently. Therefore, the use of some types of marks for the visually impaired on banknotes may not be effective. The study is designed to solve the problem of inefficient use of various marks for people with visual impairments on banknotes, which leads to incorrect identification of banknote denominations by people with blindness or low vision. An analysis of the tactile recognition systems of banknotes of more than 180 countries was carried out, and the main types of marks for people with visual impairments were determined. A classification of marks for people with visual impairments by application method, design, and location has been developed. Testing of various types of marks for people with visual impairments was conducted on the level of tactile sensation of the mark and the accuracy of banknote denomination identification with the involvement of people with various visual impairments, including blind people. The technique has been adapted to people with visual impairments, including blind people, and improved using the principles of fuzzy logic. As a result, it was determined that the most effective systems for identifying banknote denominations are those based on determining the number of blocks of marks printed on a banknote and using blocks of marks of sufficiently large sizes
General soiling is the main reason for withdrawing banknotes from circulation. Optical characteristics are fundamental for determining deterioration during automated banknote sorting. A comparative study of the results of the Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH) banknote sorting by optical characteristics was conducted for banknotes withdrawn in 2009, 2012 and 2017. If in 2009 and 2012 due to general soiling, which is the main reason for the withdrawal of circulation for banknotes, 89,19% of the Ukrainian hryvnia were withdrawn from circulation, then in 2017 this figure has decreased already to 50%, depending on the denomination. Thus, the determined before and implemented the direction of priority research and development to increase the durability of the UAH - increasing the resistance to general soiling - has significantly improved the durability of UAH notes, since for other currencies the withdrawing due to the general soiling is 64 - 81%. It was found that the use of processing complexes allows to reliably assess the quality of the banknotes, although there are certain problems: there is a mistake not taking into account the simultaneous presence of various types of damage on one note and the return to circulation of deteriorated banknotes and unjustified removal of circulation of suitable banknotes due to an erroneous assessment of their status to be deteriorated.
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