Mr. Artur Omar Profile

Artur Omar

Medical Physicist at Karolinska Univ Hospital

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Publications (2)

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2014 Paper

Monte Carlo investigation of backscatter factors for skin dose determination in interventional neuroradiology procedures

Artur Omar, Hamza Benmakhlouf, Maria Marteinsdottir, Robert Bujila, Patrik Nowik, Pedro Andreo

Proceedings Volume 9033, 90331T (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042159

KEYWORDS: Bone, Backscatter, Skin, Spherical lenses, Monte Carlo methods, X-rays, Head, Aluminum, Natural surfaces, Tissues

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Complex interventional and diagnostic x-ray angiographic (XA) procedures may yield patient skin doses exceeding the threshold for radiation induced skin injuries. Skin dose is conventionally determined by converting the incident air kerma free-in-air into entrance surface air kerma, a process that requires the use of backscatter factors. Subsequently, the entrance surface air kerma is converted into skin kerma using mass energy-absorption coefficient ratios tissue-to-air, which for the photon energies used in XA is identical to the skin dose. The purpose of this work was to investigate how the cranial bone affects backscatter factors for the dosimetry of interventional neuroradiology procedures. The PENELOPE Monte Carlo system was used to calculate backscatter factors at the entrance surface of a spherical and a cubic water phantom that includes a cranial bone layer. The simulations were performed for different clinical x-ray spectra, field sizes, and thicknesses of the bone layer. The results show a reduction of up to 15% when a cranial bone layer is included in the simulations, compared with conventional backscatter factors calculated for a homogeneous water phantom. The reduction increases for thicker bone layers, softer incident beam qualities, and larger field sizes, indicating that, due to the increased photoelectric crosssection of cranial bone compared to water, the bone layer acts primarily as an absorber of low-energy photons. For neurointerventional radiology procedures, backscatter factors calculated at the entrance surface of a water phantom containing a cranial bone layer increase the accuracy of the skin dose determination.

Proceedings Article | 6 March 2013 Paper

Expanded analysis of occupational dose in interventional and diagnostic fluoroscopy with the use of active dosimeters

R. Bujila, C. Palmgren, A. Omar, A. Fransson

Proceedings Volume 8668, 86683X (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007571

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Software, Fluoroscopy, Diagnostics, Computing systems, Statistical analysis, Imaging systems, Safety, Databases, Angiography

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Due to the relatively high occupational doses associated with interventional and diagnostic fluoroscopy procedures it is important to create awareness about and to quantify the radiation environment that medical staff are exposed to. A computer program was developed to analyze dose data collected from a dosimetry system that uses active personal dosimeters to monitor staff dose in real-time, to obtain an expanded analysis of the radiation environment that clinical staff are exposed to, on a procedural basis. The analyses that are made per procedure and staff member include: accumulated dose μSv, maximum and median dose rate mSv/h, the amount of time a staff member has been exposed to radiation compared to the total fluoroscopy time and the percentage of accumulated dose from 3 different dose rate intervals, including < 0.3 mSv/h, 0.3 - 2.6 mSv/h, and < 2.6 mSv/h. The developed computer program was used to analyze dose data collected from the dosimetry system at the Karolinska University Hospital to study the radiation environment that different categories of staff are exposed to during interventional aorta aneurysm treatment procedures. The analyses have provided the ability to know where to concentrate radiation safety training in interventional and diagnostic fluoroscopy and to ensure that operating rooms are equipped with adequate radiation protection (e.g., radiation protection barriers etc.). The developed computer program and dose data collected from the dosimetry system can be appropriated for other radiation environmental studies in diagnostic x-ray imaging.

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