A reconfigurable reflective arrayed waveguide grating (R-RAWG) has been designed, fabricated and tested in a silicon nitride platform. The R-RAWG has a number of advantages if compared to a traditional arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) as smaller footprint and the capability to correct to phase errors induced by fabrication defects. To implement this design, we have used tunable reflective michelson loops that produce a broadband response without the need of a modified or additional fabrication process. This approach opens the possibility to implement this design in almost any fabrication platform. By controlling the amplitude and phase of each arm, more than 12 different spectral shapes have been obtained with more than 20 dB of extinction ratio. The control is based on a new method using optimization algorithms borrowed from machine leaning developed using only the power spectrum response of one output to adapt all the variables. The reconfiguration of the band shape, the possibility to adapt the filter to the desired spectrum in one or multiple bands and the fabrication-friendly implementation for mass production make this device suitable for multiple applications as LIDAR, spectroscopy, OCT, Microwaves, Telecommunications among others.
We present a design approach for compact reconfigurable phased-array wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) devices with N access waveguides (WGs) based on multimode interference (MMI) couplers. The proposed devices comprise two MMI couplers which are employed as power splitters and combiners, respectively, linked by an array of N single-mode WGs. First, passive devices are explored. Taking advantage of the transfer phases between the access ports of the MMI couplers, we derive very simple phase relations between the arms that provide wavelength dispersion at the output plane of the devices. When the effective refractive index of the WGs is modulated with the proper relative optical phase difference, each wavelength component can switch paths between the preset output channel and the remaining output WGs. Moreover, very simple phase relations between the modulated WGs that enable the reconfiguration of the output channel distribution when the appropriated coupling lengths of the MMI couplers are chosen are also derived. In this way, a very compact expression to calculate the channel assignment of the devices as a function of the applied phase shift is derived for the general case of N access WGs. Finally, the experimental results corresponding to an acoustically driven phased-array WDM device with five access WGs fabricated on (Al,Ga)As are shown.
In this paper, photonic devices driven by surface acoustic waves and operating in the GHz frequency range are presented. The devices were designed and fabricated in (Al,Ga)As technology. In contrast to previously realized modulators, where part of the light transmission is lost due to destructive interference, in the present devices light only switches paths, avoiding losses. One of the devices presents two output channels with 180◦-dephasing synchronization. Odd multiples of the fundamental driving frequency are enabled by adjusting the applied acoustic power. A second and more complex photonic integrated device, based on the acoustic modulation of tunable Arrayed Waveguide Gratings, is also proposed.
In this paper, we propose a theoretical model for an Interleave-Chirped Arrayed Waveguide Grating (IC-AWG), modifying the already existing formulation based on Fourier optics. With the IC-AWG is possible to achieve several functionalities in a single device, such as channel demultiplexing, polarization splitting and 90° optical hybrid operation. We also elaborate on the developed model to present a design procedure for the IC-AWG. Finally, the model validation through numerical simulations using real physical parameters obtained from manufactured devices available in the literature is performed.
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