Ms. Beverly J. LaMarr Profile

Beverly J. LaMarr

at Massachusetts Institute of Technology

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (37)

Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Paper

US Contributions to the Athena Wide Field Imager

David Burrows, Steve Allen, Marshall Bautz, Esra Bulbul, Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Julia Erdley, Abraham Falcone, Catherine Grant, Sven Herrmann, Ann Hornschemeier, Doug Kelly, Jamie Kennea, Ralph Kraft, Beverly LaMarr, Adam Mantz, Eric Miller, R. Glenn Morris, Paul Nulsen, Pragati Pradhan, Neven Vulic, Dan Wilkins, Michael Zugger

Proc. SPIE. 11118, UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXI

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Imaging systems, Image processing, X-rays, X-ray sources, Software development, Scanning probe microscopy, Algorithm development

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Paper

Component testing for x-ray spectroscopy and polarimetry

Alan Garner, Herman Marshall, Sarah Trowbridge Heine, Ralf Heilmann, Jungki Song, Norbert Schulz, Beverly LaMarr, Mark Egan

Proc. SPIE. 11118, UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXI

KEYWORDS: Rockets, Optical design, Polarization, Spectroscopy, X-rays, Polarimetry, Monochromators

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SPIE Journal Paper | 20 May 2019

Toward fast, low-noise charge-coupled devices for Lynx

Marshall Bautz, Barry Burke, Michael Cooper, David Craig, Richard Foster, Catherine Grant, Beverly LaMarr, Christopher Leitz, Andrew Malonis, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin, Daniel Schuette, Vyshnavi Suntharalingam, Carolyn Thayer

JATIS Vol. 5 Issue 02

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Clocks, Electrons, Amplifiers, Spectral resolution, Silicon, X-ray detectors, Tolerancing

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Lynx requires large-format x-ray imaging detectors with performance at least as good as the best current-generation devices but with much higher readout rates. We are investigating an advanced charge-coupled device (CCD) detector architecture under development at MIT Lincoln Laboratory for use in the Lynx high-definition x-ray imager and x-ray grating spectrometer instruments. This architecture features a CMOS-compatible detector integrated with parallel CMOS signal processing chains. Fast, low-noise amplifiers and highly parallel signal processing provide the high frame rates required. CMOS-compatibility of the CCD enables low-power charge transfer and signal processing. We report on the performance of CMOS-compatible test CCDs read at pixel rates up to 5.0 Mpix s − 1 (50 times faster than Chandra ACIS CCDs), with transfer clock swings as low as 1.0-V peak-to-peak (power/gate-area comparable to ACIS CCDs at 100 times the parallel transfer rate). We measure read noise of 4.6 electrons RMS at 2.5 MHz and x-ray spectral resolution better than 150-eV full-width at half maximum at 5.9 keV for single-pixel events. We report charge transfer efficiency measurements and demonstrate that buried channel trough implants as narrow as 0.8 μm are effective in improving charge transfer performance. We find that the charge transfer efficiency of these devices drops significantly as detector temperature is reduced from ∼ − 30 ° C to −60 ° C. We point out the potential of previously demonstrated curved-detector fabrication technology for simplifying the design of the Lynx high-definition imager. We discuss the expected detector radiation tolerance at these relatively high transfer rates. Finally, we note that the high pixel “aspect ratio” (depletion depth: pixel size ≈9 ∶ 1) of our test devices is similar to that expected for Lynx detectors and discuss implications of this geometry for x-ray performance and noise requirements.

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

The neutron star interior composition explorer (NICER): commissioning and calibration (Conference Presentation)

Craig Markwardt, Keith Gendreau, Zaven Arzoumanian, Takashi Okajima, Jack Steiner, Gregory Prigozhin, Ron Remillard, Teruaki Enoto, Michael Loewenstein, Beverly LaMarr

Proc. SPIE. 10699, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Photonic devices, Stars, Calibration, X-rays, Astrophysics

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

The effects of charge diffusion on soft x-ray response for future high-resolution imagers

Eric Miller, Richard Foster, Craig Lage, Gregory Prigozhin, Marshall Bautz, Catherine Grant, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis

Proc. SPIE. 10699, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Photons, X-rays, Silicon, Diffusion, Monte Carlo methods, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray imaging, X-ray detectors

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

Toward fast low-noise low-power digital CCDs for Lynx and other high-energy astrophysics missions

M. Bautz, R. Foster, B. LaMarr, A. Malonis, G. Prigozhin, E. Miller, C. Grant, B. Burke, M. Cooper, D. Craig, C. Leitz, D. Schuette, V. Suntharalingam

Proc. SPIE. 10699, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Clocks, Sensors, X-rays, Silicon, Amplifiers, Spectral resolution, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

Blazed transmission grating technology development for the Arcus x-ray spectrometer explorer

Ralf Heilmann, Alexander Bruccoleri, Jungki Song, Casey DeRoo, Peter Cheimetz, Edward Hertz, Randall Smith, Vadim Burwitz, Gisela Hartner, Marlis-Madeleine La Caria, Carlo Pelliciari, Hans Guenther, Sarah N. Heine, Beverly LaMarr, Herman Marshall, Norbert Schulz, Eric Gullikson, Mark Schattenburg

Proc. SPIE. 10699, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Optical design, Spectroscopy, X-rays, Silicon, Charge-coupled devices, Optical alignment, X-ray technology, Diffraction gratings

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Testing and characterization of the TESS CCDs

C. Thayer, J. Villasenor, S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, E. Morgan, G. Prigozhin, I. Prigozhin, G. Ricker, T. Sauerwein, V. Suntharalingam, R. Vanderspek, D. Woods

Proc. SPIE. 9904, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Electronics, Light emitting diodes, Stars, Cameras, Sensors, X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, Imaging arrays, Floods, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 22 July 2016 Paper

The Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER): design and development

Keith Gendreau, Zaven Arzoumanian, Phillip Adkins, Cheryl Albert, John Anders, Andrew Aylward, Charles Baker, Erin Balsamo, William Bamford, Suyog Benegalrao, Daniel Berry, Shiraz Bhalwani, J. Kevin Black, Carl Blaurock, Ginger Bronke, Gary Brown, Jason Budinoff, Jeffrey Cantwell, Thoniel Cazeau, Philip Chen, Thomas Clement, Andrew Colangelo, Jerry Coleman, Jonathan Coopersmith, William Dehaven, John Doty, Mark Egan, Teruaki Enoto, Terry Fan, Deneen Ferro, Richard Foster, Nicholas Galassi, Luis Gallo, Chris Green, Dave Grosh, Kong Ha, Monther Hasouneh, Kristofer Heefner, Phyllis Hestnes, Lisa Hoge, Tawanda Jacobs, John Jørgensen, Michael Kaiser, James Kellogg, Steven Kenyon, Richard Koenecke, Robert Kozon, Beverly LaMarr, Mike Lambertson, Anne Larson, Steven Lentine, Jesse Lewis, Michael Lilly, Kuochia Alice Liu, Andrew Malonis, Sridhar Manthripragada, Craig Markwardt, Bryan Matonak, Isaac Mcginnis, Roger Miller, Alissa Mitchell, Jason Mitchell, Jelila Mohammed, Charles Monroe, Kristina Montt de Garcia, Peter Mulé, Louis Nagao, Son Ngo, Eric Norris, Dwight Norwood, Joseph Novotka, Takashi Okajima, Lawrence Olsen, Chimaobi Onyeachu, Henry Orosco, Jacqualine Peterson, Kristina Pevear, Karen Pham, Sue Pollard, John Pope, Daniel Powers, Charles Powers, Samuel Price, Gregory Prigozhin, Julian Ramirez, Winston Reid, Ronald Remillard, Eric Rogstad, Glenn Rosecrans, John Rowe, Jennifer Sager, Claude Sanders, Bruce Savadkin, Maxine Saylor, Alexander Schaeffer, Nancy Schweiss, Sean Semper, Peter Serlemitsos, Larry Shackelford, Yang Soong, Jonathan Struebel, Michael Vezie, Joel Villasenor, Luke Winternitz, George Wofford, Michael Wright, Mike Yang, Wayne Yu

Proc. SPIE. 9905, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Electronics, Aerospace engineering, Sensors, Calibration, X-rays, X-rays, Silicon, Microcontrollers, Analog electronics, X-ray detectors, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2016 Paper

Ground calibration of the Silicon Drift Detectors for NICER

Beverly LaMarr, Gregory Prigozhin, Ronald Remillard, Andrew Malonis, Keith Gendreau, Zaven Arzoumanian, Craig Markwardt, Wayne Baumgartner

Proc. SPIE. 9905, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Electronics, Cameras, Sensors, Calibration, X-rays, Interfaces, Aluminum, Electroluminescent displays, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

NICER instrument detector subsystem: description and performance

Gregory Prigozhin, Keith Gendreau, John Doty, Richard Foster, Ronald Remillard, Andrew Malonis, Beverly LaMarr, Michael Vezie, Mark Egan, Jesus Villasenor, Zaven Arzoumanian, Wayne Baumgartner, Frank Scholze, Christian Laubis, Michael Krumrey, Alan Huber

Proc. SPIE. 9905, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Sensors, Calibration, X-rays, Silver, Space telescopes, Frequency modulation, Fermium, Aluminum, X-ray detectors, X-ray detectors

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2012 Paper

Performance evolution of the X-ray Imaging Spectrometers aboard the Suzaku X-ray astronomy satellite

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Steve Kissel, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin

Proc. SPIE. 8443, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Satellites, X-rays, Spectrometers, Satellite imaging, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Manganese, X-ray imaging, X-ray astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2011 Paper

Radiation testing of mini-orthogonal transfer array CCDs

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Steve Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Barry Burke, Michael Cooper, Vyshnavi Suntharalingam

Proc. SPIE. 8145, UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XVII

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Error analysis, X-rays, Space telescopes, Spectral resolution, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray astronomy, Astrophysics, X-ray detectors, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2010 Paper

Using ACIS on the Chandra X-ray Observatory as a particle radiation monitor

C. Grant, B. LaMarr, M. Bautz, S. O'Dell

Proc. SPIE. 7732, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Sensors, Particles, X-rays, X-ray sources, Space telescopes, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Space operations, Solar radiation

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Proceedings Article | 20 July 2010 Paper

Interpixel crosstalk in a 3D-integrated active pixel sensor for x-ray detection

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Rick Foster, Steve Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Vyshnavi Suntharalingam

Proc. SPIE. 7742, High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Photon counting, Sensors, X-rays, Silicon, Diodes, Manganese, X-ray imaging, Astrophysics, X-ray detectors, Active sensors

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Proceedings Article | 20 July 2010 Paper

Measurement results for an x-ray 3D-integrated active pixel sensor

G. Prigozhin, R. Foster, V. Suntharalingam, S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, M. Bautz

Proc. SPIE. 7742, High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Switching, Sensors, X-rays, Silicon, Photodiodes, Capacitance, Diodes, Transistors, X-ray detectors, Active sensors

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2008 Paper

Physics of reverse annealing in high-resistivity Chandra ACIS CCDs

C. Grant, B. LaMarr, G. Prigozhin, S. Kissel, S. Brown, M. Bautz

Proc. SPIE. 7021, High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III

KEYWORDS: Carbon, Observatories, Spectroscopy, Annealing, Particles, Physics, CCD cameras, Charge-coupled devices, Imaging arrays, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

Flight calibration of the Suzaku XIS using the charge injection technique

Midori Ozawa, Hideki Uchiyama, Hiroshi Nakajima, Hideyuki Mori, Hironori Matsumoto, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Katsuji Koyama, Masahiro Uchino, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Hiroshi Murakami, Tadayasu Dotani, Gregory Prigozhin, Steve Kissel, Eric Miller, Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz

Proc. SPIE. 7011, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Satellites, Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, Satellite imaging, Space telescopes, Gamma radiation, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

Front- and back-illuminated x-ray CCD performance in low- and high-Earth orbit: performance trends of Suzaku XIS and Chandra ACIS detectors

Beverly LaMarr, Catherine Grant, Steve Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Mark Bautz, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Tadayasu Dotani, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Hironori Matsumoto

Proc. SPIE. 7011, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Diamond, Sensors, Calibration, X-rays, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Manganese, Back illuminated sensors, CCD image sensors, X-ray detectors

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Proceedings Article | 26 October 2007 Paper

Mitigating CCD radiation damage with charge injection: first flight results from Suzaku

M. Bautz, B. LaMarr, E. Miller, S. Kissel, G. Prigozhin, B. Burke, J. Gregory, H. Uchiyama, Y. Hyodo, H. Yamaguchi, H. Mori, T. Tsuru, H. Matsumoto, K. Koyama, K. Torii, S. Katsuda, K. Hasuike, H. Nakajima, K. Hayashida, H. Tsunemi, H. Murakami, M. Ozaki, T. Dotani

Proc. SPIE. 6686, UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XV

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Particles, X-rays, Spectral resolution, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Back illuminated sensors, Radiation effects, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 2007 Paper

The onboard calibration for the spaced-row charge injection of the Suzaku XIS

Hideki Uchiyama, Yoshiaki Hyodo, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Nakajima, Hideyuki Mori, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Hironori Matsumoto, Katsuji Koyama, Ken'ichi Torii, Satoru Katsuda, Kazuto Hasuike, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Hiroshi Murakami, Tadayasu Dotani, Gregory Prigozhin, Steve Kissel, Eric Miller, Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz

Proc. SPIE. 6686, UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XV

KEYWORDS: Iron, Sensors, Calibration, Satellites, Image segmentation, X-rays, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Manganese, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 30 June 2006 Paper

Performace trends for the x-ray imaging spectrometer on Suzaku

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Steve Kissel, Eric Miller, Gregory Prigozhin, Noriaki Tawa, Tomofumi Miyauchi, Hiroshi Nakajima

Proc. SPIE. 6270, Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Spectroscopy, X-rays, Spectral resolution, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Manganese, X-ray imaging, CCD image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2006 Paper

Improved x-ray CCD response at very low x-ray energies

M. Bautz, S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, G. Prigozhin

Proc. SPIE. 6266, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation II: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Sensors, X-rays, Electrons, Silicon, Spectral resolution, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Back illuminated sensors, Monochromators

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2006 Paper

Energy response of the x-ray imaging spectrometer (XIS) on Suzaku

Hironori Matsumoto, Hiroshi Nakajima, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Takeshi Tsuru, Katsuji Koyama, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Ken'ichi Torii, Masaaki Namiki, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Hiroshi Murakami, Masanobu Ozaki, Tadayasu Dotani, Beverly LaMarr, Steven Kissel, Marshall Bautz

Proc. SPIE. 6266, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation II: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

KEYWORDS: Iron, Sensors, Calibration, Spectroscopy, Photons, X-rays, Silicon, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2006 Paper

Temperature dependence of charge transfer inefficiency in Chandra x-ray CCDs

C. Grant, M. Bautz, S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, G. Prigozhin

Proc. SPIE. 6276, High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy II

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Data modeling, Calibration, Particles, Error analysis, X-rays, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Back illuminated sensors, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2005 Paper

Long-term trends in radiation damage of Chandra x-ray CCDs

C. Grant, M. Bautz, S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, G. Prigozhin

Proc. SPIE. 5898, UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XIV

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Calibration, Particles, X-rays, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Space operations, Imaging arrays, Solar radiation, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 11 October 2004 Paper

Ground calibration of CCD camera (XIS) with front-illuminated chips onboard Astro-E2

Hiroshi Nakajima, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Hironori Matsumoto, Takeshi Tsuru, Katsuji Koyama, Steve Kissel, Beverly LaMarr, Marshall Bautz

Proc. SPIE. 5488, UV and Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Systems

KEYWORDS: Iron, Sensors, Calibration, X-rays, Silicon, Quantum efficiency, CCD cameras, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 11 October 2004 Paper

An evaluation of a bake-out of the ACIS instrument on the Chandra X-Ray Observatory

Paul Plucinsky, Stephen O'Dell, Neil Tice, Douglas Swartz, Marshall Bautz, Joseph DePasquale, Richard Edgar, Gordon Garmire, Rino Giordano, Catherine Grant, Perry Knollenberg, Steve Kissel, Beverly LaMarr, Richard Logan, Martin Mach, Herman Marshall, Leon McKendrick, Gregory Prigozhin, Dan Schwartz, Norbert Schulz, Dan Shropshire, Tan Trinh, Alexey Vikhlinin, Shanil Virani

Proc. SPIE. 5488, UV and Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Systems

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Contamination, Aerospace engineering, Sensors, X-rays, Collimators, Charge-coupled devices, Space operations, Thermal modeling, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

X-ray CCD with charge-injection structure

Gregory Prigozhin, Barry Burke, Mark Bautz, Steven Kissel, Beverly LaMarr, Marat Freytsis

Proc. SPIE. 5501, High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy

KEYWORDS: Clocks, Signal attenuation, Calibration, X-rays, Electrons, Interference (communication), Capacitance, Diodes, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray detectors

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Progress in x-ray CCD sensor performance for the Astro-E2 X-ray imaging spectrometer

Mark Bautz, Steven Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Beverly LaMarr, Barry Burke, James Gregory

Proc. SPIE. 5501, High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Quantum efficiency, Spectral resolution, Bismuth, Charge-coupled devices, Back illuminated sensors, X-ray imaging, CCD image sensors, X-ray detectors

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

A charge transfer inefficiency correction model for the Chandra advanced CCD imaging spectrometer

Catherine Grant, Mark Bautz, Steven Kissel, Beverly LaMarr

Proc. SPIE. 5501, High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Detection and tracking algorithms, Sensors, Calibration, Spectroscopy, X-rays, Quantum efficiency, Spectral resolution, Charge-coupled devices, Performance modeling

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Ground calibration of X-ray CCD detectors with charge injection for the X-ray imaging spectrometer on Astro-E2

Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz, Steven Kissel, Gregory Prigozhin, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Takeshi Tsuru, Hironori Matsumoto

Proc. SPIE. 5501, High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Spectroscopy, X-rays, Quantum efficiency, Spectral resolution, Charge-coupled devices, Back illuminated sensors, X-ray imaging, CCD image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2003 Paper

Sacrificial charge and the spectral resolution performance of the Chandra advanced CCD imaging spectrometer

Catherine Grant, Gregory Prigozhin, Beverly LaMarr, Mark Bautz

Proc. SPIE. 4851, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Telescopes and Instruments for Astronomy

KEYWORDS: Observatories, Calibration, Spectroscopy, X-rays, Software development, Spectral resolution, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray imaging, X-ray astronomy, X-ray telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2000 Paper

Characterization of the radiation damage in the Chandra x-ray CCDs

Gregory Prigozhin, Steven Kissel, Mark Bautz, Catherine Grant, Beverly LaMarr, Richard Foster, George Ricker

Proc. SPIE. 4140, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy XI

KEYWORDS: Signal attenuation, X-rays, Time metrology, Space telescopes, Charge-coupled devices, Manganese, Image storage, X-ray telescopes, X-ray characterization, Temperature metrology

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Front side illuminated CCDs comprising focal plane of the Chandra X-ray telescope have suffered some radiation damage in the beginning of the mission. Measurements of CTI and dark current at different temperatures led us to conclusion that the type of damage is inconsistent with the much studied type of damage created by protons with energies higher than 10 MeV. Intensive ground based investigation showed that irradiation of a CCD with low energy protons (about 100 keV) results in the device characteristics similar to the ones of the flight chips (very low dark current, the shape of the CTI temperature dependence). We were able to reliably determine that only image section of the flight chips was damaged and therefore only fast transfer from image to frame store section was affected. We have developed several techniques in order to determine the parameters of the electron traps introduced into the transfer channel of the irradiated device. One of them is based on the analysis of the amplitude of the signal in the pixels trailing the pixel that absorbed an X-ray photon of known energy. Averaging over large number of photons allowed us to get high signal/noise ratio even for pixels with extremely low signal far behind the X-ray event. Performing this analysis at different temperatures we were able to measure trap density, emission time constant, and trap cross section. Another technique is based on the analysis of the tail behind the events of very high amplitude, such as cosmic ray hits. We have developed a new scheme of clocking the device which prevents several rows of image section from being ever read out and keeps them moving back and forth. This so- called 'squeegee mode' improves CTI and can also be used to measure trap parameters, being especially effective in measuring long time constants. At least 4 different types of traps were detected, two of them with short time constant in the range from tens to a few hundred microseconds. The most damaging for the device performance are the traps with longer time constant in the millisecond range. The measurement of the trap parameters allows us to accurately model charge transfer inefficiency and helps to choose optimal operational parameters, and eventually will lead to techniques that may noticeably improve performance of a damaged CCD.

Proceedings Article | 18 July 2000 Paper

Radiation damage in the Chandra x-ray CCDs

Gregory Prigozhin, Steven Kissel, Mark Bautz, Catherine Grant, Beverly LaMarr, Richard Foster, George Ricker, Gordon Garmire

Proc. SPIE. 4012, X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Missions III

KEYWORDS: Calibration, X-rays, Time metrology, Space telescopes, Charge-coupled devices, Manganese, Neon, Image storage, X-ray telescopes, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 1998 Paper

X-ray CCD calibration for the AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer

Mark Bautz, Michael Pivovaroff, F. Baganoff, Takashi Isobe, Stephen Jones, Steven Kissel, Beverly LaMarr, Herbert Manning, Gregory Prigozhin, George Ricker, John Nousek, Catherine Grant, Kaori Nishikida, Frank Scholze, R. Thornagel, Gerhard Ulm

Proc. SPIE. 3444, X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Missions

KEYWORDS: Energy efficiency, Data modeling, Sensors, Calibration, X-rays, Silicon, Quantum efficiency, Charge-coupled devices, Synchrotron radiation, CCD image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 1998 Paper

Joint AXAF high-resolution mirror assembly and AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer calibration at the MSFC X-Ray Calibration Facility

John Nousek, Leisa Townsley, George Chartas, David Burrows, E. Moskalenko, R. Sambruna, J. Pesce, Catherine Grant, Kaori Nishikida, Laura Cawley, Patrick Broos, Scott Koch, A. Garmire, Gordon Garmire, Mark Bautz, Stephen Jones, Beverly LaMarr, George Ricker

Proc. SPIE. 3444, X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Missions

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Mirrors, Data modeling, Calibration, Spectroscopy, Photons, X-rays, Charge-coupled devices, X-ray imaging, X-ray telescopes

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Showing 5 of 37 publications

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